The purpose of this work is to study the features of the life cycle of Sanguisorba officinalis in various types of vegetation in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. We used traditional methods for studying the cenopopulation, analysis of the calendar age of plants of various ontogenetic states, and potential and actual seed productivity. Under broad‐leaved forest conditions, a young normal population was formed on the basis of slowly developing plants. In conditions of open communities, young cenopopulations were formed on the basis of intensive seed reproduction processes. The young cenopopulation can be recommended for further study in biomass exploitation. The predominance of long‐lived vegetative and immature plants in the conditions of a broad‐leaved forest is associated with difficulties in the transition of individuals to sexual reproduction. The maintenance of numbers is carried out through vegetative growth and reproduction. With deterioration of ecological and coenotic conditions, above‐ground shoots were not formed but regressive‐quasisenile coenopopulations were formed. Seed productivity was determined by ecological and cenotic conditions. On the steppe meadow of the Bugulma district, the lowest seed productivity index was 9 %. The lowest indicator of the trait “Number of full‐fledged seeds” (the average indicator was 7), low seed germination and germination energy were also noted there. The highest values of these indicators were noted n glades of the broad‐leaved areas of the same region. The realization of the reproductive system of Sanguisorba officinalis even under extreme conditions and the survival of the species in various types of vegetation suggest that the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan is included in the ceno‐area of the species. This will permit the creation of plantations in the republic.

To study the variability of the gathering locality and componen t composition of essential oil from the aerial part of a little‐studied species – Artemisia salsoloides Willd. depending on abiotic environmental factors, such as height above the level of the place of growth. Aerial parts of A. salsoloides were collected during the flowering phase in four Dagestan natural populations to obtain essential oil using the Clevenger method. To determine the component composition of the samples obtained of essential oils of A. salsoloides, chromatography‐mass spectrometric analysis was used. The components were identified using the NIST08 and FFNSC mass spectral libraries. In total, 55 compounds were identified in the essential oil samples, where monoterpenoids account for 59.92 % – 75.98 % and sesquiterpenoids – for 23.24 % to 37.81 %. At the same time, 15 major compounds were identified. Thus, it should be noted that there was found to be a wide range of values for monoterpenoids: β‐pinene, trans‐β‐ocimene, cis‐alloocimene, benzene, 2,4‐pentadinyl, and among sesquiterpenoids – α‐copaene, β‐sesquiphilandrene, spathulenol. The quantitative yield of essential oil in the studied samples varied from 0.68 % to 1.36 % of airdried raw materials, depending on the growth location of the species. Four separate populations of A. salsoloides were identified by means of cluster analysis based on the component composition of the studied essential oils. For the first time, the composition of the essential oil of the aerial part of wild Dagestan samples of A. salsoloides was studied as depending on an abiotic factor (height above sea level) of the environment. The results obtained of the component composition of the essential oil of A. salsoloides samples showed the presence of a number of valuable compounds, which allow the use of essential oils as their sources.

In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts, fractions and secondary metabolites of plants of the genus Silene (Caryophylaceae) and Serratula cupuliformis (Asteraceae) to the «entry» of herpes simplex type 2 (HSV‐2) into sensitive cells of the Vero line.

Ethanol extracts and butanol fractions of Silene spp. and Serratula cupuliformis were prepared. The flavonoid shaftoside and the ecdysteroid 20‐hydroxyecdysone from Lychnis chalcedonica were isolated. For analysis of biologically active substances (BAS) the HPLC method was used. The samples were dissolved in distilled water or DMSO. The laboratory strain MS HSV‐2 was grown on Vero cell culture. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of the herbal preparations on «entry» of HSV‐2 was performed in Vero cell culture by direct inactivation (neutralisation) of virions with 10³ PFU /ml.

Effective concentrations (EC50) have been identified in the range of 50 % from 2.12±0.47 to 180.99±49.24 μg/ml when preparations were dissolved in water and from 1.99±0.44 to 57.42±14.74 μg/ml when they were dissolved in DMSO. Such results for some samples is comparable to the EC50 of comparison preparations (dry ethanol extracts of spice of cloves, chaga and licorice root). The results obtained suggest the presence of BAS in the herbal preparations studied that act destructively on HSV‐2 virions and affect one of the main stages of its «life» cycle – the «entry» of the virus into sensitive cells.

To research the molecular genetic characteristics of the HCV population circulating among HIV‐infected residents of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, including analysis of resistance‐associated mutations to NS5A inhibitors. Total RNA was isolated from 94 blood plasma samples from HIV/HCVinfected residents of the region and the nucleotide sequences of the Core/E1 gene and NS5A gene regions were obtained and deciphered, which were used for genotyping and searching for resistance mutations.

In the HCV samples studied, the circulation of five virus subtypes was recorded: 1b (47,9 %), 3a (37,2 %), 1a (10,6 %), 2a (3,2 %) and 2k (1,1 %). Phylogenetic analysis of HCVs revealed partial clustering within subtypes 1a and 3a on a territorial basis. HCV subtypes 1b, 2a and 2k were grouped with other HCVs previously isolated in Russia, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. Among the HCVs studied, no clusters were found that were common to HIV‐infected individuals with the same route of infection. Among patients who had no experience of taking DAAs, HCV resistance mutations in the NS5A region were found in 42,3 % of cases for those infected with subtype 3a virus and in 75,6 % of cases for those infected with HCV subtype 1b.

The analysis of the diversity and occurrence of mutations of HCV drug resistance to direct antiviral drugs is extremely important for the development of tactics for effective treatment of CHC. The high prevalence of polymorphic mutations that affect sensitivity to DAAs indicates the relevance of introducing HCV resistance analysis into clinical practice.

The cave was surveyed and the animals were counted 1–2 times a month. Microclimatic indicators were recorded by automatic loggers.

During the research, it was found that the place of hibernation of R. mehelyi in the north‐east of the area is the Karabudakhkentskaya Cave. The minimum, maximum and average temperatures in the cave during the wintering period of R. mehelyi are equal: 6.9 oC, 15.6 oC and 12.4 oC accordingly. The minimum humidity was 89.1 %, the maximum was 98.2 % and the average was 92.7 %. It was found that the temperature inside the shelter affects the number of individuals in the visible part of the cave and the formation of individual groupings. In addition, there is an increase in the number of individuals in April before the start of migration.

It was found that humidity does not affect the movement of the species inside the cave, but temperature is a factor determining the movement of animals and their crowding. Thus, to accurately record the number of species, which is important for carrying out environmental measures, it is necessary to take into account both indicators – temperature and time of research.

The aim of the work was to describe the discovery of a pond bat Myotis dasycneme (Boie, 1825) in the vicinity of Zheleznovodsk, Stavropol Territory, Russia in August 2023.

We examined the Letnei Merzloti Cave, an artificial tunnel about 400 metres long with small dead‐end caverns. The pond bat was found in a small dead‐end cavern. This is the first find of this species in the Stavropol region and the third find in the Caucasus.

The first finds of the pond bat were made in the Western Caucasus in 1999 and 2003. This find provides more data about a small population of pond bats in the Caucasus. It is noteworthy that this species of bat (M. dasycneme), together with M. daubentonii, are the only known natural wild hosts of the Europian bat lissavirus virus type 2 in Europe. Given the fact that bats are considered natural hosts of all types of coronaviruses, and that the pond bat previously evidenced the circulation of both alpha and beta coronaviruses in the European population (Germany, the Netherlands), we must be aware of the potential of this species as a reservoir of pathogenic zoonotic coronaviruses.

To study the diversity of agromizids (leaf miners) in the South Caucasus, the species external morphological features, their host plants, the development of larvae and pupae and to assess the degree of crop infestation by leaf‐miners.

The study was carried out within the framework of the scs 21‐002 scientific program “Leaf miners as pests of agricultural plants (Diptera: Agromyzidae): the latest control measures”. Type samples were fixed in 75 % ethyl alcohol and deposited in the Agrarian Scientific Research Laboratory of the Scientific Centre of Zoology and Hydroecology. Species were identified by examining the male genitalia. The degree of damage of the host–plant was determined based on intensity indicators.

As a result of this research, a new species of the Calycomyza genus was discovered in the South Caucasus fauna. Larvae of C. jucunda (Wulp, 1867) were found on the leaves of Beta vulgaris, a host plant mentioned for the first time here. As a Nearctic species, it was also first discovered in the southern Caucasus.

The study of the male genitalia indicates expansion of the biogeographical distribution of Calycomyza species, as most of them are found in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. In terms of intensity, C. jucunda is classified as a less dangerous species for agricultural crops.

Study of the structural parameters of petroleum acids isolated from oil from the Priozernoye field and analysis of their possible negative impact on the environment.

The object of the study is and naphthenic acids isolated from the oil of the Priozernoye field. The research was carried out using modern instrumental methods: gas‐liquid chromatography, IR‐spectroscopy, ¹³C NMR, ¹H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.

The high degree of oxidation of the oil studied was confirmed. Extraction with dichloromethane and subsequent analysis of the organic extract using IR‐Fourier spectrometry proved that part of the petroleum acids entered the aqueous phase, which poses a serious threat to the biological diversity of this region. The structural parameters of “medium” molecules of petroleum acids isolated by leaching from three distillate fractions of this oil have been established. It is shown that the products isolated during leaching have a molecular weight of 294–574 amu and contain from 20 to 40 carbon atoms, most of which are part of the naphthenic structures. Along with petroleum acids, leaching products include hydrocarbons.

Comparison of the structural parameters of the products isolated from the fractions of the studied oil with the data in the scientific literature allows us to qualify the acids contained in the oil of the Priozernoye field as being substances with high toxicity, which requires finding ways to solve the problem of ensuring the environmental safety of this region.

The purpose of this work was to study the influence of new synthesized organotellurium compounds (TOCs) on the intensity of oxidative processes in the body of mammals – in this case, the blood and liver of rats.

The experiments were performed on white outbred rats, which were given a single dose of various TOC derivatives (0.01 g/kg). The next day, the animals were decapitated, blood was collected and the liver was isolated. The content of products of oxidative modification of lipids and proteins, as well as the low molecular weight antioxidant glutathione, was determined in blood plasma, erythrocytes and liver homogenate.

It was found that all TOC derivatives studied significantly increase the intensity of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes and hepatocytes, as evidenced by a multiple increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in them. At the same time, TOC suppresses the levels of oxidative damage to liver proteins, which is expressed in a significant decrease in the content of carbonyl groups. A study of glutathione content in the rat erythrocytes showed the absence of any significant effects of TOS on this antioxidant in erythrocytes.

However, changes in its concentration were found in the liver, which depend on the nature of TOS (for TOS1 and TOS3 a decrease and for TOS2 a slight increase). Newly synthesized TOC demonstrate pronounced prooxidant properties, significantly increasing the intensity of oxidative processes in lipids, which makes them promising agents for antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor therapy.

The aim of the research is to assess the current state of steppe ecosystems, which are subjected to human impact and to provide scientifically‐based proposals for the conservation and regeneration of their natural potential.

The object of the study is the steppe ecosystems of the arid zone in the Stavropol Territory. The research conducted in 2019–2021 included the use of methods and techniques, encompassing the geobotanical, economic and statistical, abstract and logical, computational and constructive.

An analysis of the natural resource potential of the steppes in the arid zone of Stavropol Territory showed a discrepancy between the current livestock and the carrying capacity of this territory. The forage for grazing is about 830 thousand tons of feed units, which is 1.5 times lower than the livestock needs. The predominant plant associations are wormwoodbluegrass‐sedge, bluegrass‐sheep fescue‐wormwood, bluegrass‐feather grass‐wormwood, bluegrass‐ wormwood‐salt grass with low species diversity – from 10 to 17 species per 100 m². The plant cover of the soil is from 30 to 60 %, which indicates its sparseness. The average biological yield of phytomass is 7.0 kg/ha of air‐dry matter. The species diversity of the steppe communities is represented by weed species that have low forage quality. In natural phytocenoses, the cereals dominant in forming cenoses in virgin land, have been lost. There are no any representatives of the legume family in the plant stand.

The scientific approach to sustainable development, conservation and regeneration of the potential of natural ecosystems in agricultural landscapes involves the rational use and improvement (rehabilitation) of the remaining low‐yield natural grass stands that have lost the ability of regeneration.

Study of the soil‐ecological state of technogenic landscapes of Kuzbass through the example of coal mine dumps.

Soil samples were taken in places with disturbed landscapes due to the action of the coal industry, namely the external dump on the site of the coal mine in the area of the village of Zarinskoye, Belovsky district, Kemerovo region in the south‐east of Western Siberia. The indicators were determined in accordance with GOST standards.

Diagnostics of the surface of the coal mine dump were carried out. The main physical and chemical indicators were determined, according to which the possibility of soil formation and biological reclamation was assessed. In analyzing chemical composition, the following indicators were determined: aqueous pH, hydrolytic acidity, total alkalinity, dry residue, ash content, humus content and ion content (Cl^–, SO₄^2–, HCO^3–, Ca², Mg²⁺, Al³⁺). Physical indicators of the degree of suitability of soils for reclamation, such as hygroscopic moisture, soil moisture, soil density and soil porosity, were also studied.

The results obtained allow us to characterise the technogenically disturbed areas in terms of physical and chemical properties as being limitedly favourable for plant growth, which can be used for biological reclamation following agrotechnical activity.

Allocation of spatial and temporal transformations in resource‐producing subjects of the Russian Federation for the decade 2012–2021 based on the comparison of tax revenue materials with budget execution data.

The materials of the study were information from the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation, Form 1, regulatory legal acts. The values for 2 federal taxes were used as incoming tax revenues: corporate income tax and personal income tax. Research methods were: comparative, computational and cartographic.

During the period under review, 13 territories were assigned at least once to the group with high raw materials specialisation, for which negative features of response to external challenges are inherent:

‐ there was not a single subject of the Russian Federation in which the growth of budget expenditures with a proportional and large increase in tax revenues was observed;

‐ only in 2018, was an increase in budget expenditures noted for all territories with a simultaneous increase in tax revenues from mining;

‐ only in 4 subjects of the Russian Federation budget did expenditures continuously increased, while some members of the group had budget expenditures reduced against the background of the growth of raw material tax revenues.

During the period under review, high economic uncertainty and the accompanying transformation in regional policy were revealed, resulting in a change in the number and composition of participants in resourceproducing subjects of the Russian Federation.

The purpose is to identify homogeneous groups of consumers towards the purchase of Lifelong Learning services in the context of their purchasing behaviour.

The theory of system analysis, economic‐statistical and empirical methods were used. The respondents were consumers of services provided in the centres of additional education of the largest Russian universities. The data for the study was collected by means of an online survey via Google Forms service.

Six groups of educational services consumers were identified: 1^st – “LLL” consumers who identify their learning experience as ineffective (corresponding to the response “get nothing out of learning”); 2^nd – men and women not more than 35 years old, targeting mainly not in the family, but in building a career, quite often participating in various educational activities; 3^rd – women who choose the format of training in the form of retraining programs; 4^th – women working as freelancers or self‐employed, some of them on maternity leave; 5^th – women up to about 35 years old, working as line workers, without children and without higher education; 6th – men under the age of 40, with a good financial situation, who independently choose a certain training programme in order to obtain specific knowledge.

The concept of “Lifelong Learning” involves the continuous development and improvement of skills, competences and knowledge throughout life, which helps to enhance competitiveness and sustainability of social and economic development.

The article is devoted to the study of the main forms, methods and problems of financing environmental projects within the framework of the functioning of the green economy, taking into account the specifics of the functioning of the domestic financial system. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that achieving the main parameters of the declared green economic course is impossible without the use of the most progressive forms, methods and instruments of financial support for environmental projects. The purpose of the work is to study the theoretical aspects of financial support for environmental projects in the Russian Federation, contributing to the transition to a green economic course and increasing efficiency in the implementation of these projects.

When conducting the study, general scientific methods of cognition were used: – dialectical materialism, inspection observation; methods of economic and statistical analysis, comparison and generalization were used to generalise domestic and foreign experience in the financial support of environmental projects.

Having studied the features of financial support for the green economy, the team of authors concluded that there is a predominance of state financing of investment projects in the field of ecology, while the mechanism of public‐private partnership in fact does not function at the proper level and private investments in environmental projects are unattractive from the standpoint of profitability and profitability. Currently, the volume of financing for the transition to the “green deal” is at the level of 20–25% of the required need for the implementation of an ambitious project: in this regard it is necessary to search for ways aimed at increasing the efficiency of financing the green economy.

The authors studied the features of financial support for environmental projects in the green economy. Financing problems are identified and recommendations for solving them are given.

To analyze the procedure and main results of financial support for the implementation of a closed‐cycle economy in the subjects of the Russian Federation.

Statistical data and strategic planning documents. The method of analysing the legal and regulatory framework and statistical reporting, as well as the structure of the federal budget, were used. The study is also based on the application of methods of comparison and contrast, grouping, historical and factor analysis.

The key role of the state in the creation and effective functioning of the integrated system of solid municipal waste management (MSWM) is determined by the ability to concentrate the necessary financial resources and guarantee uniform standards and requirements for system participants to achieve the stated goals of the closed cycle economy (CCE). Uniform standards and requirements for system participants must be guaranteed to achieve the stated objectives of the closed cycle economy (CCE). This is confirmed by the results of the financing of the TCO management system for 2019–2023, when the federal budget financed activities to the amount of 42.3 billion rubles. For the purposes of the federal EZC project, 8.6 billion rubles were allocated. It is important to ensure off‐budget financing of these activities and modernization of domestic enterprises, for which the use of secondary raw materials is available and economically feasible. The priority of measures to implement CCE in the Russian Federation is financial support for the creation and development of infrastructure for waste collection and recycling.

The processes on improvement of the regulatory and legal framework and personnel training are related to the need to implement a "top‐down" approach, which determines the centralisation of decision‐making and the efficiency of attracting extrabudgetary funds dominating in the financial support of the functioning of the TCO management system and implementation of CCE.

To develop a modernized model of the architecture of the tourist cluster of the North Caucasus Federal District in modern economic realities, taking into account the multifaceted tourism potential of the territory, including opportunities for the development of skiing tourism, as well as sanatorium‐resort recreation with a combination of business visits, cultural and historical excursions, organisation of sports, events and other niche types of tourism. The study was carried out by modeling based on the analysis of data on the natural, historical, socio‐cultural features of the North Caucasus, as well as on the assessment of socio‐economic indicators of the tourism industry over the past five years.

The study indicates that for the effective development and promotion of the tourist cluster of the North Caucasus Federal District, it is necessary to expand the range of services provided from homogeneous skiing tourism to multidirectional initiatives, combining the synergetic effect of deepening technological ties and cooperation of residents of the tourist cluster regions.

The introduction of a matrix model of a tourism cluster of the North Caucasus in the management of the activities and marketing promotion of the tourism industry in the southern region of Russia would make the North Caucasus an outstanding centre of tourist attraction, a worthy competitor of world tourist resorts.

To establish the causes and consequences of changes in the relief of the southern Astrakhan region in the period 1900–1970.

Comparison of cartographic materials of past years with data in recent satellite remote sensing images. The materials were superimposed on a geoformation program: then the hydrological elements of the relief and the Baer hills were outlined and measured for the purpose of quantitative and qualitative analysis of changes in the territory (before and after reclamation works and the currently existing relief).

The analysis of the materials revealed a significant transformation of the relief, which has served as an impetus for the development of a semidesert zone in this area.

The work carried out revealed the anthropogenic impact on the relief through which most of the territory was subject to drainage as a result of reclamation works to increase in arable land.

To determine the hydrophysical and hydrochemical parameters of sea water and their changes during dredging works in the north‐eastern part of the Caspian Sea along the Western Approach Route and near/inside block D, islands EPC‐2, EPC‐3, EPC‐4 and island A of the Kashagan field.

Measurement of hydrophysical parameters: salinity, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen concentration, electrical conductivity, pH of seawater was carried out using a portable multi‐parameter analyser "Horiba‐U53" directly in the water column. Water transparency was determined using a Secchi disc. The depth of the water layer was determined using a sounder. Hydrochemical investigations were carried out for seven parameters, with all components sampled in the near‐surface and benthic horizons. Water samples were taken using probes or bathometers: BM‐48, GR‐18 or their analogues.

Hydrochemical analyses of seawater samples for: biogens (NO2, NO3, NH4, Ntotal, and Ptotal), synthetic surfactants, phenols, hydrocarbons including polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHS), heavy metals, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5). These were carried out in laboratory conditions using analytical equipment according to scientifically accepted methods.

The data obtained as a result of the research allow us to draw the following conclusion: changes in the amount of suspended sediment in sea water lead to changes in physical and chemical properties of water (increase in turbidity, disturbance of sediment composition and properties), changes in biotopes, deterioration of oxygen regime, optical properties of water and temperature regime.

The purpose of this research work is to develop scientific approaches to solving the problem of increasing the sustainability of urbanised territories through flexible regulation of the groundwater regime. The development of a management solution for flexible regulation is carried out on the basis of the application of methods for solving problems of incorrectness.

Materials for the study were data from the study of dangerous hydrogeological processes, systematised, among other matters, based on the results of monitoring natural emergencies at the Research Institute for Civil Defense and Emergency Situations. The approach proposed by the authors is based on the application of a set of methods, including methods of: system analysis, forecasting, numerical modeling, followed by the development of an optimal management solution of emergency situations at the municipal level.

As a result of the numerical modeling carried out in the work, the variants of drainage systems and their operating mode are determined within the framework of the implementation of the proposed approach in the simulation mode. This makes it possible to increase the level o f environmental safety of historically developed built‐up areas, including mountainous ones.

The article presents a new approach to managing the risk of emergencies in case of flooding of buildings and structures in built‐up mountainous territories, including historical territories. In such territories, the watered soil preserves the cultural layer, which determines the need for flexible regulation of the groundwater regime. The results of the study are used in carrying out research work of the State Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GOChS) on the study of dangerous hydrogeological processes and their impact on the environment, life safety, stability of the functioning of economic facilities, monitoring and forecasting of natural emergencies.