Aim. To identify complexes of gall‐forming insects and mites in the fauna of Dagestan, which, together with other inhabitants of galls, are evolutionarily associated with common plant species and genera.
Materials and Methods. The materials were collected in the plains and mountains of Dagestan. Standard methods were used: inspection of plants, search and mass collection of galls; breeding imago and production of preparations of larvae and adults.
Results. Assemblages of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae), psyllids, aphids (Hemiptera, Aphalaridae, Psyllidae, Aphididae) and gall four‐legged mites (Acari, Eriophyidae) dominate. Additionally, for the fauna of Dagestan, 7 species of 5 genera Eriophyidae and 24 species of 12 genera of insects were identified, including 16 species of 7 genera Cecidomyiidae. Newly recorded for the fauna of Russia are 3 species of 2 genera of mites and 13 species of 8 genera of gall midges: Aceria labiatiflorae (Thomas), A. thomasi (Nalepa), Paraphytoptus chondrillae (Canestrini), Contarinia cardariae Fedotova, C. desertorum Marikovskij, Arthrocnodax chondrillaphylus Fedotova, A. saliciphilus Fedotova, A. origani Fedotova, A. thymiphilus Fedotova, Ozirhincus longicollis Rondani, Dasineura scorzonerifloris Fedotova, Jaapiella chondrillae Skuhravá, Spurgia seguierianae Fedotova, Euphorbomyia loewii (Mik), Marikovskiana dentipes Marikovskij. Larvae of predatory gall midges are almost always found in mite galls.
Conclusion. Information about the diversity of gall‐forming complexes in Dagestan will be useful for assessing evolutionary relationships between them and plants and will give an idea of the richness of the fauna in the organisation of protected natural areas and recreational zones.

Aim. Study of the genetic variability of the pear lace bug Stephanitis pyri F. depending on geographical location and trophic specialization.
Material and Methods. The object of the study was insect samples (n=60) from the natural population of the pear lace bug Stephanitis pyri F. (Tingidae: Heteroptera) in the Krasnodar Territory: in Krasnodar, Kropotkin and Novorossiysk. The collection of S. pyri bugs was carried out on model trees of domestic apple (Malus domestica Borkh) and sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). Molecular genetic analysis was carried out in several stages: sample preparation, DNA extraction, and diagnostics based on RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA)‐PCR (DNA amplification).
Results. With the help of molecular genetic markers, the genetic variability of the pear lace bug in the Krasnodar Territory was studied. The indicators of genetic differentiation between geographic (Gst=0.209) and trophic (Gst=0.049–0.302) intrapopulation groups of S. pyri were calculated. The levels of variability were determined within geographic (79.1 %) and trophic groups (70.0–95.1 %), as well as between them – 20.9 % and 4.9–30 %, respectively. The influence of the food factor on the genetic diversity and differentiation of insect populations is shown through the example of the Kropotkin trophic group of bugs that prefer the sour cherry P. cerasus as the main food plant.
Conclusion. A small effect of isolation by distance was noted, which was characterized by a weak dependence of geographical and genetic distances between the population groups of the pear lace bug. The influence of the nutritional factor on the genetic variability of phytophages populations has been established, as is confirmed by other researchers.

Aim. Formation of the species composition of the bioresource collection "State Collection of Entomoacariphages and Microorganisms" of the Lazarev Experimental Plant Protection Station – a branch of Federal Scientific Centre for Biological Plant Protection. The collection is based on species identified in local biocenoses as well as those introduced from regions with similar climatic conditions.
Material and Methods. Collection and study of the effectiveness of native, invasive, introduced entomophages, the dynamics of their acclimatization and the possibility of their introduction into laboratory culture on the territory of the Black Sea coast of Sochi. Methods of their application in plant protection systems were tested.
Results. The ability of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls. to control the number of coccids, including Icerya purchase Maskell, has been experimentally established. Entomophages which are effective and adaptable to reproduction in laboratory conditions were selected: Dicyphus errans Wolff. and Macrolophus nubilis H.S., the aphidophage Harmonia axyridis Pall. and others.
Conclusion. As a result of the study, wide polyphages of Dicyphus errans Wolff were found to be presented in the collection of the Lazarev Experimental Plant Protection Station, as well as and Macrolophus nubilis H.S., Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Muls., Leis dimidiata Fabr., Harmonia axyridis Pall., Encarsia partenopea Masi and Lysiphlebus fabarum Marsh. Acariphages are represented by Phytoseiulus persimilis Ath.‐Henr. and Amblyseius cucumeris Ond. The biological efficacy of Encarsia partenopea Masi has been evaluated in relation to Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westw. in the conditions of the protected ground of Sochi at the parasite ratio:host of 1:30; 68.6%, the best result being obtained with releases of 1:10; 79.19%. Research has begun on the development of methods for the laboratory breeding of Chilocorus renipustulatus.

Aim. The aim of the work is to study the fish helminth fauna of Lake Sevan basin.
Material and Methods. Fish helminths and molluscs were collected from the Lake Sevan basin. A total of 214 specimens of fish were studied. The collection, cameral processing and determination of the material was carried out according to generally accepted methods. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the BioStat 2009 computer program. 124 specimens of molluscs were examined from the littoral of the Lake Sevan. The collection and identification of molluscs was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The work was carried out at the Scientific Centre of Zoology and Hydroecology of NAS of the Republic of Armenia. Its own collections have been used as material.
Results. Trematodes, cestodes, nematodes and acanthocephals were found аs a result of studies of fish from the Lake Sevan basin. The total infestation of the fish by helminths was 27.1 %. Six species of helminths have been identified, two of which are the first to be recorded in new hosts in Armenia. The higher infestations of fish were noted by metacercariae of the trematode Diplostomum sp. and plerocercoids of the cestode Ligula intestinalis. A brief analysis of the infestation of fish by the detected helminths is given.
Conclusion. The species composition of the helminth fauna of fish in the Lake Sevan basin was studied. Pathogens of dangerous helminthiases causing the death of fish have been noted. Studies of the helminth fauna of fish in the Lake Sevan basin are relevant and will be continued. Most of the species of fish affected by helminths are of economic importance. Some species of the helminths which were found are very invasive and cause great damage to the fisheries of the republic.

Aim. Study of the structure of intra‐ and interpopulation variability of Salvia canescens C.A. Mey. along an altitudinal gradient.
Material and Methods. To study the morphological traits of Salvia canescens, a generative shoot was used as a «module». In four geographically isolated populations of the species, one generative shoot from 30 individuals was taken. 11 signs were taken into account on the shoots. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the Statistica 5.5 program. The levels of variation were assessed according to G.M. Zaitsev.
Results. The structure of intra‐ and interpopulation variability of S. canescens, a characteristic representative of mountain‐xerophyte vegetation and an endemic of the Greater Caucasus, was studied. According to the data obtained, the mean values of most of the studied traits of S. canescens increase with altitude. The variability of the studied traits of the species, both intra‐ and interpopulation, has an average and high levels. Most of the traits of S. canescens are positively correlated with each other at the p≤0.05 level. All traits, except for the number of internodes and leaves, are in a positive significant correlation (p≤0.001; p≤0.01) with height above sea level. The results of one‐way ANOVA and regression analyses showed significant differences between populations for most traits of the generative shoot. The maximum differentiation of populations was noted according to the traits «mass of stems» and «mass of inflorescences».
Conclusions. The intra‐ and interpopulation variability of the morphological traits of Salvia canescens revealed along the altitudinal gradient is due to the ecological conditions of the species' habitat. The variability of the traits and the increase in the parameters of the generative sphere reflect the adaptation of the species along the altitudinal gradient.

Aim. To investigate the features of the abiotic (soils) and biotic (flora and vegetation) components of ruderal communities (Ruderalophyton) of the urban ecosystem in the conditions of the Rostov agglomeration.
Material and Methods. The morphoecological analysis of the flora (144 species of vascular plants) was shown. Data were obtained of the characteristic growth features of roadside communities of the Southern Federal University Botanical Garden (floristic diversity of 53 species) and of ruderal communities of new residential building plots in the peripheral part of the city and abandoned houses in the central part of the city.
Results. Abiotic conditions for the habitats of ruderal plants are no longer natural because the local Chernozem root‐inhabited and humusaccumulative surface horizons have been almost completely stripped away. At the same time, cenotically the communities are multicomponent and floristically saturated with high projective coverage. During the process of anthropogenic vegetation evolution, a new type of cenosis has formed, which is adapted in ecological succession processes to all components of the urban ecosystem.
Conclusion. The ruderal vegetation of the Rostov agglomeration is particularly resistant. It develops urban horizons, which are characterized by a high proportion of anthropogenic inclusions; household, and industrial waste, which is often contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants. Plant communities developing on such substrates are multicomponent, floristically saturated and have formed a high degree of projective cover.

Aim. To identify plasticity and stability and to evaluate interpopulation differentiation in terms of accumulation of secondary metabolites in an ecological and geographical experiment with two model populations of Origanum vulgare L., belonging to different subspecies and vicarious along the altitudinal gradient.
Material and Methods. Ecological and geographical experiment with transplanted plants of Origanum vulgare L. at two experimental bases, at altitudes of 1100 and 1730 m and simulating the conditions of the mountain‐valley and upper mountain belts. The total content of antioxidants was determined by the electrochemical method. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation on a Clevenger apparatus. The component composition of the oil was established on a gas chromatograph with a mass spectrometric detector. Components were identified using mass spectra libraries.
Results. We studied the structure of variability in the yield and component composition of essential oil, as well as the total antioxidant activity in two populations of Origanum vulgare L. belonging to different subspecies. Regularities have been revealed that make it possible to attribute the studied populations to foothill and highland ecotypes.
Conclusions. The yield of essential oil and the content of total antioxidants are clearly correlated with the conditions in the experimental plots and are not associated with microevolutionary processes under the control of abiotic factors of the altitudinal gradient.

Aim. To study and characterise the features of the course of coronavirus infection in a domestic cat model, as well as to assess the danger of SARSCoV-2 isolated in Russia for these animals based on the data obtained, with the possibility of extrapolating to wild felines.
Material and Methods. For the study, model animals – Felis silvestris catus – were divided into 3 groups. The viral strain of SARS-Cov-2/human/RUS/Nsk-FRCFTM-1/2020 was cultivated on Vero E6 cell culture and then administered intranasally in a volume of 200 μl, 105TCID50/ml, to animals from the first and second groups. Model animals from the first group were euthanized and lung fragments were taken on 6–day post infection (d.p.i.), animals from the second group – on 14 d.p.i. The third group – the control group, was injected with saline in an equivalent volume. Histological sections colored with hematoxylin and eosin were investigated for pathomorphological changes in lung tissue using light microscopy.
Results. According to the obtained results the pathomorphological picture in the lungs of experimental animals indicates the course of interstitial pneumonia for both 6 and 14 d.p.i. In addition, it has been determined that by 14 d.p.i. the growth of fibrous tissue in the lungs begins to be visualised, indicating the beginning of light regenerative processes.
Conclusion. The study showed that cats are susceptible to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and these model animals are characterized by the emergence of clinical manifestations and morphological patterns in the lungs, which correspond to interstitial pneumonia.

Aim. In vitro evaluation of the inhibitory activity of aqueous extracts and dry ethanol extracts of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) on the replication of SARS-CoV-2 according to three experimental schemes – direct inactivation (neutralisation) of the virus as well as "prevention" and "treatment" of cells.
Materials and Methods. The laboratory strain SARS-CoV-2/human/RUS/Nsk-FRCFTM-1/2020 was passed on Vero cell culture. Water extracts and dry ethanol extracts of parts of H. perforatum L. collected during the flowering period in the Novosibirsk region were prepared. Dry extracts were dissolved in DMSO. Comparison samples are dry ethanol extracts of chaga, cloves and black tea.
Results. It is shown that the aqueous extract of grass (a mixture of flowers with leaves) of H. perforatum L. with direct inactivation of the virus it is active in dilution of 1/4096. For the dry ethanol extract of the herb H. perforatum L., 50 % effective concentrations (EC50) were found equal to 2.44±0.87; 8.79±1.91 and 14.65±1.91 μg/ml respectively with direct inactivation as well as according to the "preventive" scheme and with the "treatment" of cells. Taking into account cytotoxicity, as well as in comparison with control samples, the values of selective indices (SI50) of the studied herbal preparations during direct inactivation were higher than with other experimental schemes and were distributed as follows (in descending order): 204.92; 153.68; 115.27; 32.01 and 21.33 for dry ethanol extracts of black tea from India, cloves, herbs, a mixture of flowers with leaves, of H. perforatum, chaga and the stems of H. perforatum respectively. The HPLC method has shown that the ethanol extract of the herb H. perforatum L. contains a greater amount of flavonoids than the extract of stems. Nevertheless, antiviral activity was also detected for the extract of stems of this plant with EC50 equal to 14.65±1.91; 78.13±20.05 and 117.19±15.31 μg/ml (according to three experimental schemes), respectively.
Conclusion. For the preparation of antiviral drugs the whole plant of H. perforatum L., including stems, can be used as raw materials.

Aim. To study the intraspecific diversity of coliform bacteria represented in microbial communities in biofilms of manure effluents (ME), as well as to evaluate the effect of chemical reagents on the composition of microbial consortia and some properties of bacteria of the genus Escherichia.
Material and Methods. Biofilms of ME were obtained under laboratory conditions and their qualitative and quantitative microbial composition studied. H2SO4 and NaOCl solutions were used for entry into ME. The composition of the microbiota was determined by the method of inoculation on nutrient media.
Results. The dominant groups of microorganisms in biofilms of ME were obligate and facultative anaerobic bacteria of the genera Clostridium, Bacteroides and Escherichia. The genus Escherichia is represented by E. coli, E. fergusonii, E. hermannii (Atlantibacter hermannii), E. blattae (Shimwellia blattae), E. coli inactive and E. vulneris with varying biochemical activity. Escherichia fergusonii, Escherichia coli inactive and Escherichia vulneris have increased colonization potential, which contributes to the survival of bacterial populations in the bacterial consortium. Bacteria of the genus Escherichia are able to form associations with the facultative anaerobe Proteus vulgaris and the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis. The significant resistance of E. coli to the effects of chemical reagents used to neutralize and eliminate the smell of ME (H2SO4 to pH 5.5±0.1; introduction of 12.5 mg/l of active chlorine in NaOCl) was revealed. ME treatment did not lead to the complete death of E. coli. However, it reduced the concentration by 2 orders of magnitude. The use of these chemicals can reduce the total volume of gases released by 30–40% and reduce the intensity of unpleasant u.
Conclusions. The results obtained can find practical application in the development of formulations of biological products to reduce odour and improve the efficiency of rational disposal of animal by-products.

Aim. To investigate the molecular-epidemiological characteristics of the territorial distribution of HIV infection in the Sakhalin region.
Materials and Methods. A comprehensive analysis of molecular-genetic characteristics of HIV-1 and clinical-epidemiological data of 64 HIV-infected residents of the Sakhalin region was conducted. Nucleotide sequences of the pol gene region encoding protease, reverse transcriptase, and integrase of HIV-1 were obtained by sequencing amplified virus fragments. Genotyping, phylogenetic and mutational analyses were performed using specialized software resources.
Results. Among the HIV-1 cases studied, the HIV-1 subtype A6 was detected in 81.3 % of cases, with 58.4 % of them reliably clustering into closely related HIV groups, indicating the development of internal epidemic networks of infection transmission. Additionally, HIV-1 CRF63_02A6 and 06_cpx were detected in 4.7 % of cases each, subtype B and B/G in 3.1 %, subtypes C and A1 in 1.6 %. HIV-1 A6, B/G variants, and subtype A1 similar to Mediterranean HIV were detected in the MSM group. In 10.8 % of cases, treatment-naive patients had HIV-1 with the K103N mutation, and in one case, multiple drug resistance was identified.
Conclusion. The contemporary territorial epidemic of HIV infection in the Sakhalin region is characterised by the presence of internal epidemic networks and the registration and spread of imported HIV. Key population groups with HIV infection require special attention due to the documented transmission of ART-resistant viruses. Studying the peculiarities of HIV infection spread in individual regions of Russia is important for the development of effective measures aimed at ending HIV transmission in the country.

Aim. To identify the composition and features of the spatial structure of microfouling (microplaston) during the early stages of colonisation of the surfaces of artificial polymer films (LDPE) in the natural habitats of the Miass River and Lake Turgoyak (Southern Urals). The early stages of polymer microfouling which create the basis for further complexity of its spatial mosaic are considered, taking into account the surface microlandscape and the possibilities it creates for the location of community components.
Materials and Methods. Fragments of polymer films (LDPE) manufactured for household use were collected in the waters of the Miass River and Lake Turgoyak in June 2023. Samples were selected that were exposed in natural reservoirs for at least several months. Analysis of the composition, structure and spatial organization of microplastonic communities was carried out using light and SEM microscopy.
Results. The microplaston in the early stages of growth varied significantly among the habitats studied. On LDPE films from the Miass River they were dominated by sessile armored amoebae (Granofilosea: Microgromiidae), attached diatoms (Bacillariophyta: Achnanthaceae, Cocconeidaceae) developed as a mass and encrusting green microalgae (Chlorophyta, Charophyta) were also found. In Lake Turgoyak cortical green microalgae clearly dominated, together with other diatoms (Bacillariophyta: Rhopalodiaceae, Cocconeidaceae). Trichome and coccoid forms of cyanoprokaryotes (Cyanobacteria: Pseudanabaenaceae, Rivulariaceae, Chamaesiphonaceae, Microcystaceae) were also abundant. The colonisation of films by individual species varied among habitats and also depended on the surface microrelief.
Conclusion. Analysis of the microplaston of LDPE films in hydrologically different habitats demonstrated the features of early colonisation of these substrates, the biotope‐specificity of the species and spatial structure of communities, as well as the organisation of colonial settlements of a number of species.

Aim. To compare the results of studying the magnetic properties and concentration of heavy metals in the soils of the Dubravniy Forest recreational zone of Kazan to justify the use of the petromagnetic method in conducting ecological and geochemical studies in urbanised areas.
Material and Methods. The object of the study is the soil cover in the "Dubravniy Forest", using petromagnetic methods (magnetic susceptibility, differential thermomagnetic analysis) and atomic absorption spectrometry.
Results. According to the results of the studies conducted into the lightgray forest soil, the measurements of magnetic susceptibility and concentration of mobile forms of heavy metals do not contradict each other and indicate the absence of magnetic minerals and heavy metals of technogenic origin.
Conclusions. The results of magnetic susceptibility studies indicate the absence of soil contamination with heavy metal compounds, which was confirmed by the results of the determination of mobile forms of heavy metals by the atomic absorption method.

Aim. To monitor the flows of climatically active gases at the carboxylic range of the A.A. Kadyrov Chechen State University through regenerative animal husbandry.
Material and Methods. We have been studying the territory of the northern slope of the Khoysko-Makozhoy depression allocated for pasture areas from April 2022 to the present. Reconnaissance and field studies were carried out, data were collected and processed in key areas to assess the seasonal dynamics of CO2 emissions, temperature and soil moisture in key areas. Information that is freely available on the Internet was used.
Results. The article describes the territory of the carbon polygon, which is 1054 hectares in extent at the time of writing. The territory is divided into sections: reference, moderate and intensive grazing (ET, UM, IN - respectively). Experimental data were obtained from landfill sites; the main greenhouse gases, soil temperature and moisture, microbiological and chemical analyzes of the soil.
Conclusions. The studies initiated in 2022 have made it possible to develop methodological foundations for systemic conjugate monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions at a carbon landfill using regenerative animal husbandry.

Aim. The need to accelerate the transition to "green" and digital technologies leads to a more active participation of the state in the economy, including through an active industrial policy. In this regard, the main attention should be paid to the development and use of modern methodological approaches to the formation of a new regional industrial policy, taking into account the environmental aspect.
Discussion. One of the main sources of pollutant emissions is industrial production. The article analyses the level of emissions of pollutants from industrial enterprises into the atmosphere in Russia as a whole, as well as for the regions that are leading in the growth of emissions into the atmosphere of industrial enterprises and in the growth in the number of polluting enterprises. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that in many regions of Russia industrial policy is carried out inefficiently. The growth of industrial production occurs extensively by increasing the number of enterprises or industries without taking into account environmental consequences and without the use of modern technologies that reduce the negative impact on the environment. An analysis of methodological approaches to the definition of the "new" industrial policy has been carried out and its general principles have been identified.
Conclusion. To date, there is no clear definition of the "new" industrial policy, however, in modern scientific literature there are various methodological approaches that differ from the "old" type of industrial policy. The approaches discussed above differ in the emphasis either on the choice of specialisation – what to produce – or on the process by which prioritization and implementation occurs – how to produce.

Aim. Agroecological assessment of herbicides application on crops of soybean variety Arleta in the central zone of Krasnodar Territory.
Materials and Methods. The experiments were carried out on the experimental field of the Federal Research Centre of Biological Plant Protection in 2022 according to the methodological recommendations for testing herbicides in agriculture. Herbicides from different chemical classes were used in the experiment. Efficiency was assessed by the difference in weed and soybean grain yield in comparison with the control. The comparative ecotoxicological load of preparations was carried out according to the ecological load and the coefficient of selectivity of action for the soil.
Results. Weed species in the experiment were highly effectively suppressed by the herbicides Pulsar, BP, Pivot, VK and a mixture of Bazagran, BP + Zellek Super, and KE (88–98 %). When using Dual Gold, EC, Frontier Optima, EC and Proponit, and EC before the soybean shoots, the biological efficacy was lower. The preparations Pulsar, BP and Pivot, and VK, in comparison with other herbicides, had a lower level of environmental load and a high coefficient of selective action and meet modern safety requirements for the natural environment.
Conclusions. In order to protect the environment when choosing herbicides for application on soybean crops in the central zone of Krasnodar Territory, they should be comprehensively selected taking into account the ecotoxicological load of the preparations.

Aim. Assessment of the effect of biological products on soil suppression, biological efficacy, yield and biochemical parameters of potatoes in Krasnodar Territory.
Material and Methods. The experiment was carried out on potatoes of the Colomba variety. The biological preparations against potato diseases have been studied. The research was carried out according to generally accepted methods.
Results. During the study period, representatives of the genera Alternaria, Fusarium, Verticillium, Cladosporium, Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus were identified in the complex of soil fungi. When using biological products, an increase in Trichoderma spp. and conditionally suppressive fungi Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. compared with the control and the chemical protection option, by 4.0 and 29.0 times, 1.7 and 1.8 times and 1.4 and 4.5 times, respectively, was observed. The efficacy of the biological products against Alternaria and Fusarium wilt was 73.4–77.7 % in the first year of the research, and 70.0–76.3 % in the second year, which was higher than chemical protection by 3.3–3.8 % and 0.8–2.7 %, respectively. The yield of potato tubers was higher than the control and the chemical protection option by 49.3–10.1 %. The highest content of vitamin C was noted in the biological protection system option. The content of nitrates in all variants of the experiment was within the normal range. The content of starch was higher than the control and the chemical protection option by 1.1–0.2%, respectively.
Conclusions. The application of a biological protection system made it possible to reduce the development of Alternaria and Fusarium on potato plants, increase soil suppression, increase yield and improve biochemical indicators.

Aim. Polymorphism is the result of evolutionary processes and is inherited, associated with biodiversity and modified by natural selection and functions to preserve various forms of population. It is economically advantageous to find genes that can be used in breeding in such a way as to increase the fertility of animals in different natural geographical zones, since the adaptive abilities of organisms are complicated. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to study the genetic potential of sheep of different breeds bred in various ecological and geographical regions of the North Caucasus with pasture-pasture and pasture-stall conditions of sheep breeding.
Material and Methods. Genotyping was undertaken of sheep of different breeds contained in various natural and climatic zones of the Republic of Dagestan and the most arid region of Stavropol Territory in the zone of risky agriculture where the climate is sharply continental. Genotyping in the loci of the genes of differential growth factor (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP15) was carried out by PCR-PDRF (polymorphism of the lengths of restriction fragments) by cutting DNA using endonuclease restriction and further analysis of the size of the resulting PCR fragments. The genetic structure of genes has been studied by methods of genetic and statistical analysis of the data obtained.
Conclusion. The genetic structure of sheep populations of different breeds bred in the foothills of the Republic of Dagestan and the arid region of Stavropol Territory was studied for the first time. Information obtained on the role of the degree of genetic variability of sheep of different breeds provides data which can contribute to the ecological well-being of herds and the status characterising the signs of multiple birth rates is also determined. This will further improve and significantly accelerate breeding work with livestock, since an important task of further increasing the efficiency of the industry is the reproduction of the herd together with a simultaneous increase in the productivity of animals.

Aim. The unique gene pool of indigenous breeds in the Dagestan Caucasus is threatened by the increasingly widespread use of commercial breeds, which in turn risks narrowing the genetic base necessary to increase and maintain existing genetic diversity. For this reason, our research aimed to study the polymorphism of the PRL, PIT‐1, GH genes in red steppe and Caucasian brown cattle raised in the conditions of Dagestan.
Methods. Genotyping of red steppe and Caucasian brown cattle was carried out using PCR‐RFLP methods. Using these methods, genetic analysis was carried out and polymorphism of the prolactin, somatotropin and pituitary‐specific transcription factor genes was studied.
Results. As a result of the genotyping of an experimental group of red steppe cattle, it was found that the distribution of two alleles and three genotypes (PIT‐1A and PIT‐1B; PIT‐1AA, PIT‐1BB, PIT‐1AB) of the PIT‐1 gene has a specific character. The specificity of the allelic spectrum of the PRL gene is expressed in the high (0.84) frequency of occurrence of the PRLA allele and low (0.16) frequency of the PRLB allele. This is reflected in the presence of homo‐ and heterozygous genotypes with a frequency of occurrence of 73.0; 23.0; 4.0 %, respectively.
Conclusion. Applied genetic approaches to improve the productive and breed qualities of livestock, which are modern and based on a more complete analysis of the genetic diversity and genotype of the studied populations, contribute to the conservation of zoned breeds. At the same time, intrapopulation variability and good adaptability should ensure the sustainable development of dairy cattle breeding in various climatic zones.

Aim. To substantiate approaches to the modeling of the social responsibility of the hospitality industry as a factor of sustainable development of a travel destination.
Material and Methods. System analysis theory, economic-statistical method, comparative-descriptive analysis and general scientific methods of empirical research were used to process the initial information and to write the paper. The empirical grounding of the proposed model was based on a survey of the population which had experienced accommodation facilities, on questions about social responsibility and on changes in consumer habits.
Results. The authors have identified and characterised the main approaches to modeling social responsibility of the hospitality industry as a factor of sustainable development of a travel destination. A model of corporate social responsibility of a local hotel cluster, which focuses on improving the quality of the hospitality industry, the introduction of energy-efficient and convenient technologies, as well as the development of socio-cultural and tourist infrastructure which contribute to the growth of the social infrastructure of the business, is proposed.
Conclusion. The universal nature of the structure of the proposed model, allows the extrapolation of the main results concerning the system of the hospitality industry not only in the Kaliningrad region, but also in other regions of the Russian Federation.

Aim. The intention of the present research has been to examine and evaluate the barriers and limitations to the development of medical tourism in Isfahan as one of Iran’s tourism destinations by taking the approach of service integration.
Materials and Methods. This exploratory research was conducted using mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology. Data analysis by the qualitative method was done using MAXQDA-18 software, while by the quantitative method a combination of SWOT strategic planning technique and multi-criteria decision making was used
Results. Multiple weaknesses and challenges were classified by using a framework of indexes developed on different dimensions including: quality of medical services and facilities; access to medical and tourism information; infrastructures and regulations; communications and marketing; environmental factors; treatment procedures and passive defense and international barriers. Meanwhile, the role of each of these dimensions and sub-indexes in impeding medical tourism development in the region was evaluated by examining the association between the various dimensions contributing to medical tourism development in Isfahan.
Conclusions. To remove the barriers identified, several strategies are proposed. including the provision of health-based integrated services (medical, treatment and wellness), development of shared products by the sectors involved in this domain, compilation of a comprehensive plan for health tourism development, preparation of a coherent and well-organized scientific plan given the policies of resilient economy, realistic and practical attention to the branding issues, the usage of up-to-date methods of modern marketing plan for the health companies and facilitators, removal of the legal barriers to the medical tourism development and compilation of new supportive, supervisory and advertising policies.

Aim. To assessing the prospects for the integral interdisciplinary characteristics of the modern strategy of oncological surgery for gastric stump cancer (GSC), which allow us to formulate the concept of a more physiological surgery.
Materials and Methods. The study used gastrobiopsies taken specifically during fibrogastroscopy in the area of the anastomosis in patients who had undergone gastrectomy in the past for pyloroduodenal ulcers using the first and second Billroth methods. Depending on the time elapsed after gastrectomy, observations were divided into 2 groups.
Results. In 45 patients with post‐resection gastritis (based on a morphometric, statistical study of the lymphoid tissue of the mucous membrane of the gastric stump), there was established: a significant (p <0.05) increase in the number of interepithelial lymphocytes (from 5.14 to 30.60) of the plasmatization index of the lamina propria of the mucous membrane in comparison with the control group (from 4.9 to 46.70), increasing in time after surgery, which is associated with the progression of atrophic gastritis. This relationship is most clearly observed (p<0.005) over 15 years after gastrectomy, according to Hoffmeister–Finsterer.
Conclusions. A study of the components of the natural environment was carried out: sources of drinking water supply: phenol, manganese, copper, formaldehyde and in samples of pasture vegetation: iron, chromium, nickel, cadmium; with the establishment of inflated indicators (MPC). Early diagnosis in the preclinical stage with screening monitoring in the group of patients with resected stomach after 10 years or more remains extremely relevant. The hypothesis put forward by Yu.I. was confirmed to be correct by Fishson–Ryss that antral gastritis after gastric gastritis for peptic ulcer disease tends to antrocardial expansion with the progression of atrophic gastritis, which is a background component for the development of gastric stump cancer.