To analyse global climate change and determine the impact of these transformations on the quality of life of the population of southern Russia. Russia's southern regions have traditionally specialised in agricultural production, illustrating the high dependence of economic well‐being on agroclimatic parameters.
In the process of writing the article, methods of systematisation, generalisation, classification, comparison of digital data, statistical analysis of dynamic series, forecasting methods and logical analysis were used.
The authors analysed the current socioeconomic conditions of the regions of Russia's Southern Federal District in the context of climate contrasts observed over several years. They assessed the dynamics of change in several parameters and made forecasts for their future state. Based on these assessments, they concluded that global climate change is irreversible and has an indirect impact on the health and well‐being of the populations of various regions.
Based on the results of the study, recommendations were developed for revising practices and approaches to organising agricultural production in the southern regions of Russia and introducing adaptive crop and livestock production technologies to maintain a sustainable production base.

Objective: to develop scientific and methodological approaches to assess the capabilities of agricultural production facilities after an accident at a nuclear power plant, which extend to other radiation‐hazardous facilities, substantiate measures to increase the sustainability of agricultural production facilities, prevent or reduce possible damage, as well as ways to further rehabilitate radioactively contaminated agricultural areas. Despite the tremendous work done to rehabilitate radioactively contaminated territories, there are territories with high levels of radioactive contamination that continue to negatively affect the radiation situation in general, while restrictions remain on radiological criteria for the use of agricultural land and forest resources in these territories. The radiation situation today is determined by: natural radioactivity; radiation background related to nuclear weapons tests and the presence of radioactively contaminated territories due to the activities of nuclear power facilities, industry and accidents on them; the operation of radiation‐hazardous facilities, including nuclear power plants. The nuclear industry includes more than a thousand enterprises related to the production of fissile materials, their use, processing and burial for both civilian and military purposes. Accidents at nuclear power plants are accompanied by almost all types of radiation hazards (direct ionizing radiation, radioactive gases and aerosols, activation products, radioactive contamination) and pose a danger to agricultural production facilities.

The study focuses on the current state of agricultural lands in the post‐ Virgin Lands development period, identifying prospects for agro‐industrial growth and assessing alternative natural resource management scenarios. These scenarios include the establishment of specially protected natural areas (SPNAs), hunting management systems and biodiversity conservation.
Field expeditions were conducted to collect primary data. The authors studied and analysed land management records and the dynamics of agricultural land structures in the Steppe Trans‐Urals over a 70‐year period. The research involved processing extensive cartographic materials, soil maps and geobotanical maps, as well as remote sensing (RS) data spanning 50 years.
The Orenburg Trans‐Urals, which covered five administrative districts in the 1950s–1960s, remains one of Russia's largest hubs of what was the Virgin Lands campaign. Between 1954 and 1963, newly cultivated areas reached approximately one million hectares, accounting for nearly 60 % of all virgin lands developed in the region. Notably, two‐thirds of this new arable land consisted of marginal soils, including sandy, sandy‐loam, solonetzic and erosion‐prone areas.
The cultivation of soils poorly suited for agriculture in the southern chernozem and dark chestnut soil zones led not only to a sharp decline in natural fertility with humus reserve losses ranging from 30 % to 50 %, but also to the withdrawal of tens of thousands of hectares of arable land from production. This abandonment resulted from frequent crop failures or critically low yields, averaging approximately 0.25 t/ha (affecting 30 % of the developed area). Under these conditions, many virgin land farms were forced to reduce grain crop areas and livestock numbers, triggering rural depopulation and the degradation of agricultural infrastructure. To address these ongoing issues, it is proposed to establish a land fund for the restoration of steppe landscapes (ecosystems) in all post‐Virgin Land districts.

Aim: to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the phytosanitary status in Stavropol Territory for the period from 1996 to 2019–2025.
The features of the distribution of one of the leading quarantined weeds of the region – ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) for the period from 1996 to 2019–2025 are analysed. The study used an integrated approach, including a systematic, statistical, analytical and computational research method. Additionally, integral methods were used that take into account natural and climatic factors affecting crop productivity and the spread of organisms associated with biological threats. The research materials were mainly official data from the Rosselkhoznadzor, scientific publications published in the open press, as well as on the websites of specialised research organizations.
The spread of ragweed in Stavropol Territory demonstrates a steady negative growth trend. In the region in 2025, weed occupied 702 thousand hectares, i.e. over 11 % of agricultural land. In recent years, there has been a clear trend towards an increase in areas affected by ragweed.
In 1996, ragweed foci were identified and occupied tens to hundreds of hectares, and by 2025, in 23 municipal districts, more than 50 % of the territory was in the quarantine zone, with Shpakovsky (114 thousand hectares) and Petrovsky (64 thousand hectares) districts becoming most affected in the area of infection. There are several reasons for this increase in the spread of these weeds: climatic changes (dynamics of temperature, precipitation, humidity, reduction of forest‐steppe zones and expansion of steppe and dry‐steppe territories), as well as features of intensification of economic activity in the region.

To validate an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test system for the semi‐quantitative detection of specific IgG antibodies against domain III of the E protein of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes 1–4 in mouse serum. Commercial reagent kits (JSC BTK Bioservice, Moscow, Russia) were utilised. The recombinant d34 protein expressed in a baculovirus system served as the immunosorbent. Analytical performance was evaluated using a panel of 100 serum samples from BALB/c mice (11 groups). Virusneutralising antibodies against DENV serotypes D1–D4 were determined by a virus neutralisation test in Vero cell culture.
The specificity and sensitivity of the test system developed both reached 100 % (95 % CI: 91.2–100.0 %), with a critical optical density (ODcrit) of 0.16 and a coefficient of variation (CV) not exceeding 8.2 %. Stability testing at 37°C for 14 days revealed a 4.7 % signal decrease (95 % CI: –11.3 % to +1.9 %), indicating that the immunosorbent is expected to retain its functional properties for up to 12 months when stored at 2–8°C. The systematically higher ELISA values compared to neutralisation test titers reflect differences in the detected antibody pools and support the combined use of both methods for a comprehensive evaluation of the humoral immune response.
The validated ELISA test system exhibits high diagnostic performance and is suitable for the semi‐quantitative determination of specific IgG antibodies against domain III of the DENV E protein in laboratory mouse serum. Its application provides a reliable tool for preclinical monitoring of vaccine candidate immunogenicity and establishes a methodological basis for standardising the quality control of biologics targeting serotypespecific epitopes.

In vitro evaluation of the inactivating (virucidal) and inhibitory activity of dry ethanol extracts of leaves Epilobium angustifolium L. (dry raw materials and pre‐enzymatic) on the replication of herpes simplex virus type 2 (Herpes simplex virus, HSV‐2).
The antiviral activity of extracts diluted in DMSO was analyzed on Vero E6 cell culture according to generally accepted methods using plant reference samples and a lyophilized acyclovir preparation. The content of BAS in the extracts was carried out by HPLC as well as direct and differential spectrophotometry.
The extract of fermented leaves E. angustifolium showed virucidal activity comparable to that of the herbal preparations of comparison and higher when compared with the extract of dried leaves. The inhibitory activity of the extract of fermented leaves E. angustifolium according to the schemes of "prevention" of infection and "treatment" of infected cells is also comparable with the activity of control plant samples. According to HPLC, fermented leaves contain more flavonoids than unfermented raw materials. In all samples of E. angustifolium a dominant peak was identified, which was identified as сynaroside. It was determined by spectrophotometry that in terms of the amount of polyphenolic compounds, extracts of E. angustifolium are comparable to green tea extract and exceed the amount of oxycoric acids and flavonoids.
Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the complex of polyphenolic compounds contained in the dry ethanol extracts of E. angustifolium has a virucidal effect and is able to effectively block the intracellular stages of the HSV‐2 life cycle.

Development and validation of an alternative method for isolating ASFV from biological materials from domestic pigs and wild boar in primary cultures using pig testes.
Pig testis cell culture can be used to isolate viruses if donors are not available, despite lower sensitivity (4.33±0.33–5.76±0.13 lg GAdE50/cm3) compared to pig spleen cells (5.0 ± 0.12–6.0±0.14 lg GAdE50/cm3). The developed method has 100 % specificity and 90.91 % diagnostic sensitivity when isolating the ASFV from both biological material from domestic pigs and wild boars.
The studies conducted have made it possible to expand the arsenal of methods for virological diagnosis of ASF. Evaluation of an alternative cell culture suitable for isolation allowed us to establish the optimal inoculation concentration of cells, at which the high titer of the ASFV can reach 6.33±0.06 lg GAdE50/cm3. The validated method of ASFV isolation allows it to be used in veterinary laboratories when donors cannot be used.

Aim: Investigation of the fauna of wild birds and evaluation of the state of their aqueous habitats in the north‐east of the central part of the High Yauza wetland complex (HYWC) on the territory of the Losiny Ostrove (Elk Island) National Park in the post‐breeding period of August‐October 2021.
Materials and methods: route counting, counting during flights, accounting in mass clusters, complete visual counting. In August 2021, – 3 route countings were performed (10.08, 17.08, 25.08), in September – 4 (04.IX, 11.IX, 18.IX, 22.IX), in October – 5 (02.X, 09.X, 13.X, 20.X, 27.X) and in November – 5 (03.XI, 10.XI, 20.XI, 21.XI, 24.XI). The total hardness of the water was determined by complexometric titration. The content of bicarbonate ions was determined titrimetrically. The turbidimetric method was used to estimate the sulphate ion content.
According to the indicators studied the water quality in the HYWC does not pose a threat to avifauna. As a result of visual surveys, 21 species of wild birds from 7 families were recorded: Accipitridae, Alcedinidae, Anatidae, Ardeidae, Laridae, Rallidae and Podicipedidae. The structure of the number of wild birds in the territory of HYWC was dominated by duck birds, both during the entire observation period and in certain months. The second largest family is the Rallidae. The paper describes the first detection of Northern shoveler (Spatula clypeata) and Gadwall (Mareca strepera) in the central part of HYWC.
In order to improve nature protection measures on the territory of the Losiny Ostrova National Park, it is advisable to consider HYWC as a specially protected natural area.

To study species diversity and biological properties of phytochemicals, including the prospects of their application in fodder production.
Phytochemicals provide an effective alternative to antibiotic drugs. They have proven to be sedative, antioxidant, antitumor, immunomodulating and growth‐stimulating herbal substances. Due to the lack of toxic effects and accumulation in the body, the inclusion of phytochemicals in diets as part of feed additives is an actual practice of agricultural science. Coumarins, terpenes and terpenoids, polyphenols and flavonoids, betalains and quinones are widely spread. A significant role of phytonutrients is associated with a beneficial effect on intestinal microbiocenosis, which causes the development of a nutrient medium for local microflora with the suppression of intestinal pathogens. As quorum sensing inhibitors, phytochemicals are able to affect the mechanism of biofilm synthesis, which leads to a significant reduction in populations of aggressive flora. The environmental aspect of the use of such substances is important, related to reducing the burden of the agrotechnical sector on the atmosphere.
Phytochemicals are an excellent alternative to an antibiotic drug with proven effectiveness. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics in feed production poses a danger to both animals and humans. In this regard, the study of phytochemicals is an urgent task, as it opens up the possibility of obtaining potentially new safe and highly effective feed preparations.

This paper evaluates the influence of plant litter and vegetation structure on soil fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) in natural ecosystems on the Black Sea coast of the North Caucasus. Field studies were conducted at a carbon supersite operated by the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Gelendzhik district of Krasnodar Territory during the summers of 2024 and 2025. An automatic soil chamber and a LI‐7810 infrared gas analyser were used in the study. In addition, soil flux, temperature, and moisture measurements were conducted. The presence of plant litter was found to increase CO2 emissions, while simultaneously enhancing methanotrophic processes and promoting CH₄ uptake. Significant seasonal and daily variability in gas exchange was observed due to variations in temperature, humidity and vegetation types. The highest CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes were recorded in grassy areas with better insolation and intense soil warming. A stable dependence of fluxes on soil temperature and moisture was revealed. The results obtained fill a gap in observational data for the region where aridity is increasing and abnormal weather events are becoming more frequent. Therefore, research into carbon exchange is particularly relevant. This study can improve the accuracy of carbon cycle models, develop a national monitoring network for greenhouse gas fluxes and propose regional adaptation strategies to climate change.

In vitro evaluation was conducted assessment of the effect of liquid culture (LC) and supernatant of P. chlororaphis BZR 245‐F and Pseudomonas sp. BZR 523‐2 on the DNA content of F. graminearum and the mycotoxins DON, 3‐acetyl‐DON, 15‐acetyl‐DON, DON‐3‐glycoside, nivalenol, fusarenon X, ZEN, α‐zearalenol, β‐zearalenol and the degree of correlation between these parameters.
The studies were performed using an adapted CTAB method and HPLC with mass spectrometric detection.
LC and supernatant of P. chlororaphis BZR 245‐F and Pseudomonas sp. BZR 523‐2 do not reduce the DNA content of F. graminearum 60318; DNA synthesis is often stimulated (by 5–12 %). Supernatant of Pseudomonas sp. BZR 523‐2 significantly increased the DNA content of the fungus F. graminearum, almost twofold (by 96 %) compared to the control. Both Pseudomonas strains did not significantly alter DON content. The content of 15‐acetyl‐DON and 3‐acetyl‐DON was suppressed by the supernatants of both strains (by 14–28 %), especially by Pseudomonas sp. BZR 523‐2 (by 32 %). FAs and bacterial supernatants significantly (up to 94–115 %) promoted the accumulation of ZEN and its derivatives (α‐ and β‐zearalenol).
The observed significant (moderate to high) correlation between fungal DNA and the amount of 15‐ and 3‐acetyl‐DON, as well as between fungal DNA and the amount of α‐ and β‐zearalenol, indicates that P. chlororaphis BZR 245‐F and Pseudomonas sp. BZR 523‐2 strains have potential for biocontrol of the fungus F. graminearum and its mycotoxins.

Adjuvants play a pivotal role in contemporary veterinary vaccinology, determining the efficacy of vaccines for farm animals. Given the growing demand for economically optimal and safe immunological preparations, understanding the molecular basis of adjuvant action becomes critically important. This review encompasses five major types of adjuvants— mineral (aluminum hydroxide and phosphate), oil emulsions, plant‐derived saponins, bacterial components (CpG, MPLA), and nanostructured systems (liposomes, PLGA, inulin)—and describes their mechanisms of action through five key pathways: (1) enhancement of humoral response (production of neutralizing antibodies); (2) activation of cellular immunity (Th1 differentiation, generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes); (3) formation of antigen depot (prolonged stimulation); (4) activation of innate immunity (pattern recognition, inflammation); (5) suppression of excessive inflammation. The species‐dependent efficacy of adjuvants is analysed, attributable to differences in innate immunity receptors among animal species. Side effects of traditional adjuvants (granulomas, systemic inflammation, reduced productivity) and strategies for their minimization are discussed. Novel developmental directions were identified—synthetic immunomodulators, biodegradable nanoparticles and rationally designed combination systems that ensure optimal immune response without unwanted reactions. The knowledge obtained is being applied to the development of more effective, safe and economical vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases in farm animals.

The aim of the research was to comprehensively quantify the potential of agroforestry on forest and agricultural lands in the Central Forest Steppe, taking into account the structural imbalance of land use, and to determine the economic efficiency of the impact of protective forest belts on crop yields.
The research was conducted in five regions of the Central Forest Steppe (Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetsk, and Tambov Regions). Data from state statistics, the State Forest Register and the Register of Protective Forest Belts of the Voronezh Region were used. Comparativegeographical, statistical and correlation analysis methods were used, as well as triangulation of three methodological approaches (anti‐erosion, microclimatic, biocenotic) to substantiate the potential of agroforestry.
It has been found that the region's land fund is characterised by hypertrophied agrarization (share of agricultural lands 79.3 %, plowed land 76.5 %), with critically low forest coverage (8.9 %). The total forest cover deficit for achieving the minimum environmental standard (15 %) is 1.03 million hectares. The potential of agroforestry on agricultural lands has been determined in the amount of 646–905 thousand hectares, on forest fund lands – 159.4 thousand hectares. Three typological groups of regions have been identified. Analysis of the condition of protective forest belts in the Voronezh Region showed that 89.5 % of the fund is in satisfactory condition. The economic effect from the impact of forest belts on the yield of main crops is from 4.9 to 736.1 million rubles per year.
The quantitative estimates obtained create a scientific basis for developing regional adaptive landscape land use programmes and forming forestclimatic projects aimed at increasing the area’s carbon‐depositing potential.

The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between biochemical parameters of blood of pregnant cows and the development of rickets in newborn calves in order to assess the possibility of prognosis and prevention of this disease.
The study was conducted on 32 pregnant zebu‐type Black‐and‐White cows and their offspring (n=30). Calcium‐phosphorus metabolism indicators and vitamin D levels were evaluated in the cows at 50 and 14 days pre‐calving, and in calves at 0, 1, 3, and 6 months of age.
The concentration of vitamin D in cows turned out to be critically low (13.43–13.47 ng/ml at a rate of 28–35 ng/ml), and the ratio of Ca: The P did not correspond to the norm (1.36:1 and 1.2:1 with a norm of 1.5–2:1). The calves had vitamin D levels 80 % below normal at birth, and 80 % of the young showed signs of rickets in the first month of life. A strong positive correlation was found between the level of vitamin D in cows 50 and 14 days before calving and its level in calves at birth (r= +0.751 and r= +0.709, respectively). A stable average negative correlation was found between the level of calcium in cows and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in calves. However, the coefficient of determination (R2) for most bonds was low (11–39 %), which indicates a weak influence of the studied parameters.
It was found that the indicators of calcium‐phosphorus metabolism in pregnant cows do not have a high prognostic value for reliable prediction of the risk of rickets in offspring. Based on the results, it was considered inappropriate to use these parameters for the prediction of rickets in a contactless animal assessment system.

The article substantiates the integration of environmental risk management into the economic security system of an organisation as a key factor in sustainable development in the context of global environmental transformation.
The aim of the study was to develop theoretical and methodological foundations and practical recommendations for integrating environmental risk management systems into the economic security system to ensure its long‐term financial and competitive sustainability.
Systems approach, comparative analysis of ESG and risk management standards, case study method, expert assessments and scenario modelling.
The authors developed and verified a three‐block integration model (organisational and management modules, process and methodological modules and information and analytical modules) aimed at transforming qualitative environmental threats into quantitative financial risks. Scenario analysis showed that a proactive approach provides competitive advantages, while a reactive approach leads to additional costs and a loss of financial stability.
Environmental risks are currently strategically significant and their superficial analysis creates gaps in business protection. The authors' proposed model improves financial stability and business reputation and further research is aimed at developing methods for monetary valuation of environmental risks.

To substantiate the choice of a new object of study in education for sustainable development at the stage of general and professional education, which would reflect the peculiarities of the national mentality of Russians, be personally significant in the daily life of a young people and recognisable in any academic subject.
The article describes a cross‐curricular content line of environmental education for sustainable development developed for the general and professional education system, which is implemented through all subjects and extracurricular activities. At its basis – the enlarged didactic unit – an anthropoecological system of organization of human life reflecting the unity of its natural and social origin, the basis of cultural and ecological ancestry of the nation’s people, established since the emergence of the ancestral structure of society. The anthropogenic ecosystem “Nature‐ Family‐Homeland” combines in itself spiritual and material origin, actualises ethno‐cultural «genes» of memory relations to the environment of different generations and carries in itself archetypal codes of biosphere compatible behavior. Pedagogical ways of embedding the “Nature‐Family‐ Homeland” augmented didactic unit into the subject content have been developed. These are methods of pedagogical axiomatization, metaphorisation and visualization using of infographics and ICT.
The authors assert the expediency of choosing the “Nature‐Family‐Homeland” anthropoecosystem based on the cultural concepts of the Russian language, the traditional national values of Russians and recognisable visual images.

The purpose of the paper is to present the concept of the redesign of a master's course as an example of the transformation of the educational process for the training of specialists in the textile industry. The academic discipline "Recycling of waste from textile and light industry products" has been updated for students of Direction 29.04.02, "Technologies and design of textile products". The modules developed are designed to increase the competitiveness of the Russian textile industry through the greening of education.
An overview of practices in the field of reformatting traditional educational programs for training textile industry specialists, taking into account the demands of the global community in the transition to a circular economy model. Strengthening the practical training of students by equipping educational laboratories with modern tools. The research uses methods of analysing modern Russian trends and the global experience of educational organisations in the field of sustainable development of the textile industry. Pedagogical redesign of the discipline. The article is devoted to the modernisation of educational programmes for students of textile specialties. Modern approaches to the reformulation of educational programmes and disciplines are considered. New educational materials that meet the concept of sustainable development have been developed and introduced into the educational process of the master’s degree Direction 29.04.02. The development and implementation of new academic modules of the discipline and the testing of the updated work programme are aimed at strengthening the practical training of future industry specialists.
This work highlights the need for fundamental reforms in the system of vocational education in the textile industry and the project described is a possible source of measures aimed at ensuring that the textile industry meets the requirements of sustainable development and staffing formulation.