Hydrologo-hydrochemical regime of the Caspian sea, its biological productivity and trophic structure of ecosystem of basin essentially depends on natural-climatic factors forming liquid and biogen flow at water scoop of the basin.

There is shown that degradation of plankton is a result of influence of both biotic (mnemiopsis) and abiotic (concentration of mineral nitrogen) factors in the ecosystem of the Middle and South Caspian.

The problem of the assessment of recreational potential of arid landscapes of the Zavolzhie (of the areas situated behind Volga) is considered. It is caused by lack of appropriate normative base and procedures of trustworthy assessment. First results of field researches connected with an attempt to assess the recreational potential of arid landscapes of Bogdo-Baskunchaksky State Reserve are given.

In article sights of different authors at a sustainable development of regional ekologo-economic systems are considered, balanced development major factors are allocated, the contribution of mineral and raw sources to development of the Volgograd region is analyzed.

In the article possibilities anthropocentric and ecocentric developing paradigms ecotourism are shown. The updating role institutional functions ecotourism an expert by metastructural matrixes of optimization tourist-institutional space (TIS) is specified. Long-range directions of socially-ecological interaction in system of ecotourism are designated, measures on optimisation of this interaction are considered.

The article deals with peculiarities of ecosystem monitoring as an important part of scientific and research work on Donskoy natural park of Volgograd region.One of the most significant tasks of functioning of national and natural parks, besides preservation and restoration of zonal and other geosystems, is scientific and research work. It is crucial for planning and administration of activity of natural parks, particularly for estimation and prognosis of the ecological situation within and beyond the park territory.

Data for the last three years on a phytoplankton of Northern Caspian sea is cited in work, the problem of quantity indicators of development of a phytoplankton, long-term dynamics is discussed.

Communities of the alliance Bidenti frondosae-Salicion triandrae Golub 2004 – is a shrub communities with dominant Salix triandra и Amorpha fruticosa along the watercourse banks and lakes in the Lower Volga valley. Diagnostis species of alliance: Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Bidens frondosa, Xanthium strumarium, Thalictrum flavum. The alliance is also diagnosed by the absence or non-significant presence of species number, characteristic of communities with dominant Salix triandra on more northern territories, which are supposed to refer to the alliance Salicion triandrae Th. Muller et Gors 1958. There are Salix fragilis, Salix viminalis, Urtica dioica, Galium palustre, Lythrum salicaria, Lysimachia vulgaris. One more peculiarity of communities of alliance Bidenti frondosae-Salicion triandrae should be noted. It lies in the fact that Salix triamdra in the Lower Volga is represented by lately flowering ecotype. Salix triamdra blooms here after the water abatement in June-Jule. It is 2-3 months later that in other river flood-plains characterized by Salix triamdra earlier flooding. Communities of the alliance including four accociations: Bidenti frondosae-Salicion triandrae, Leersio-Salicetum triandrae, Carici melanostachyаe-Amorphetum fruticosae, Rubo caesii-Amorphetum
fruticosae, which have different stage of widespread in the territory of the Lower Volga.

In article data on specific of sort Tithymalus in the North Caucasus are resulted. Geographical diffusion of its kinds on flora areas is analyzed.

The unique files of oak woods extended at tops of manes in northern part by Volgo-Akhtuba flood-plain, represent the relic wood communities which have reached of final stages succession developments, characteristic for the flood-plain southern rivers. Absence of seed renewal, copies of 1st generation and strong defeat of leaves testifies to their adverse condition. Direct anthropogenous influence, the raised mineralization of ground waters – is the major factors menacing to their existence. It is recommended to include the given oak large forests in system SGNT of water-marsh grounds of the
Lower Volga Valley.

In work temperature adaptations of enzymes of a mucous membrane of intestines of Russian, Siberian sturgeons and their hybrid ROLO are investigated. It is confirmed that temperature adaptations of digestive system poikilothermic organisms are realised mainly thanks to reorganisations of fermental systems. The assumption that evolutionary adaptation of hydrolytic function of intestines of fishes to temperature conditions of an inhabitancy takes place, apparently, is made.

In work joint influence of ions of bivalent metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) and temperatures on level of activity alkaline phosphatase mucous membrane beluga, starlet and their hybrid is shown. Dependence of response of enzyme on action of ions of metals according to their position in a periodic table of chemical elements is shown. The given dependence remains and at temperature change incubation, only at low temperatures the activating effect of metals being in the period beginning is maximum, and at high, is maximum inhibiting effect of metals being in the period end.

In the work spent on sturgeon kinds of fishes and their hybrids, effects of interaction of enzymes with modifiers of the various nature (carbohydrates, amino acids) have been established. For maltase and caseinlitik proteinase it is shown izosteric effect.

The work reviews actions regarding organization and regulatory support of sturgeons artificial reproduction in Volga-Caspian water area. There has been proved their timeliness and importance for achievement of the set objective.

Article is devoted researches digestive some digestive enzymes at a carp, at influence on them various concentration of salt in water as is direct, and опосредованно. For finding-out of direct influence of salinity in vitro prepared for a solution so that enzymes function in the environment with the certain concentration of salt. For revealing the mediated influence, spent a set of experiences at which, in one
case, a fish maintained some time in water which salinity raised one step at a time. In another case, the fish was located in water already with the set salinity, without preliminary adaptation. During research
it has been revealed, that salinity in small concentration renders stimulating influence on activity of digestive enzymes in both cases.

Complex research of characteristics of some enzymes which are carrying out membrane hydrolysis of food at a spoonbilled cat and Russian sturgeon is carried out. High thermostability enzymes the squirrel of all investigated enzymes is marked.

The article is devoted to the exposure of the peculiarities of the influence of osmotic pressure to the complex of digestive enzymes of the intestinal mucous tunic. In the capacity of main mean of data analysis and visualization the method of multidimensional scaling is used. Also fuzzy clustering of experimental data is realized. Concludes about high resistance of researched enzymes to the high osmotic pressure and its sensitivity to the small changes of this factor are done.

The article is devoted to the problem of simulation of the influence environmental osmotic pressure to the activity level of maltase and α-amilase of intestinal mucous tunic of Russian sturgeon. For the solving of this problem methods of neural networks and fuzzy logic are used. Create models are rated as the category of adaptive neural-fuzzy inference systems. Regularities of this influence were researched; created models have high approximate property and generalize well.

Cyanobacteria biodiversity researches are carried out in various types of soils of the Astrakhan region. The qualitative and quantitative structure сyanobacteria and seaweed the investigated soils is shown.

The 26 strains microorganisms - degradation oil have been isolated from shelf water North Caspian. The high emulsifying ability relative to benzine, kerosene and diesel-fuel oil relevantly were possessed the 11 strains. The 4 cultures exhibiting degradation of oil rates 43-49 %, respectively, were selected.

Strain Bacillus atrophaeus is allocated was isolated from soils of Astrakhan region. Strain has complex of economicuseful properties and is promising to create a biological product for protection of plants against diseases and stimulation of growth. Antifungal and phytostimulating properties of the strain were studied in laboratory experiments. Researches the ability of strain to the stimulation of plants growth were conducted in the vegetative experiment on tomatoes.

There were isolated 190 kinds of bacteria related to genus enterobacteria, kind of Escherichia. These isolated kinds were researched for having some facts of pathogenicity hemaglutinating ability as by D–mannosy, as by its absence, hematlogic ability, resistance to antibacterial prepirations. As a resalt were apparented that the more of strains have got traitsof pathogenisity and multiple resistance to antibiotics.

Pollution by oil has negative influence on all ecosystem of the sea. The main role in decomposing of hydrocarbons belongs to microorganisms. Influence emulsion and water repellencies of cellular walls of microorganisms on an oil destruction is noted.

It is shown that pollution of soils by diesel oil and sulfur influences on the numerity of different groups of microorganisms. As an indicators of ecological infringements of soils, experience to anthropogenic impact, suggested to use the group of nitrifying microorganisms.

In article prospects of use of microbic technologies in oil-extracting and a petroleum-refining industry are considered. The data about allocation forming bacterium slime from the petropolluted objects located in territory of the Astrakhan region is cited.

The big threat of pollution of water is represented by the surface-active substances widely used as components of washing-up liquids. The purpose of researches was screening of microorganisms possessing ability to degradation анионных of surface-active substances. The obtained data allows to draw conclusion on possibility of use bacterial strains for sewage treatment from anionic surface-active substances.

The analysis of ground fund of the Volgograd region is carried out: the qualitative characteristic of the soil, distribution of ground resources by kinds of using, degree of degradation of the soil. The factors negatively influencing a condition of soil resources are considered. The key reasons promoting degradation of soils are established. Variants of the actions directed on decrease of anthropogenous loading on ground resources and rationalization of land tenure are offered.

This work is important as the plant of kind Solanaceae have a number of factors phytoimmunity of complex biologically active substances. The influence on micromycetes biologically active substances of these plants is of interest, since the latter can serve as an alternative means of protecting plants from pathogens. Tasks thesis were to determine toxigenicity and phytotoxicity collection fungal strains, the allocation of biologically active substances from the nightshade and potato and study their effects on phytopathogenic micromycetes.

The article presents a geoecologic description of the license area “Lagansky”, located in the north-western part of the Caspian Sea, comprising a brief description of natural conditions and anthropogenic load on its water area. The article provides the reader with up-to-date data on marine environment pollution at the license area “Lagansky”.

Hydrochemical and microbiological analysis of residual masout sewage was carried out. It was revealed that the native microflora takes active part in biodegradation of oil hydrocarbons. Injection of cyano-bacterial communities and water plants activates processes of self-cleaning of sewage from oil products. About this testify a decrease of total oil hydrocarbons – on 98%; optical density – on 71%.

The article describes the method for the calculation of background concentration of pollutants in marine water and bottom sediments, developed by the authors. Comparative analysis of seasonal changes in mean and background concentrations lays the basis for the assessment of contribution of water cycle and in-basin processes to marine environment pollution at the license area “Lagansky”.

The problems of refrigeration equipment transfer from ozone destroying refrigerant R22 to alternative mixed refrigerants are considered in the article. The exergy method is chosen from all possible ways of energy factors comparison. To ease the finding of exergy values and its components exergy diagrams for alternative refrigerants R407C and R410A are built in the article. Calculation on developed mathematical model is done. Results of the calculation are compared to the experimental data.

Aim of the work was the influence of regime parameters on heat transfer at evaporation of refrigerants R407C and R410 research. To achieve this aim the experimental stand was designed and made. The article contains results of visual observations for the evaporation process of different refrigerants on horizontal tube in big volume, the connection between heat transfer coefficient and regime parameters, heat flux density and evaporation pressure, was determined.

The analysis of existing methods of sewage treatment of butter-fat industries, that the most effective way - biological clearing. Experimental studying kinetic oxidations represents the big practical interest. Authors receive for the first time constants of the equations enzyme process reactions of own-step biological sewage treatment of butter-fat industries.