Abstract. The results of determination of parameters of dynamics of Caspian Sea level changes were studied. We determined quantities and dimensions of the phase space and the attractor, we calculated exponents of Lyapunov and assessed value of Kolmogorov – Sinai entropy based on analysis of time series by the change in the reservoir for 1931–2009.

Introduction. When interpreting the data on oscillatory phenomena an application of the theory of self-organization approaches becomes interesting, as it allows to set in a certain extent the behavior and evolution of the system regardless the nature of occurring in them processes.

Methods. During the preparation of article we applied a complex approach of nonlinear dynamics, consisting of the use of the discrete Fourier transform, the reconstruction of the dynamics of the time series with the construction of phase portraits and determining the dimensions of the phase space and attractor, calculation of Lyapunov exponents and Kolmogorov – Sinai entropy.

Results. It is found that Fourier spectrum–discrete; attractor dimension is expressed in non-integer number, and it is more than three; dimension of the phase space is equal to five; values of Lyapunov exponents correspond to: λ1> 0, λ2 = 0, λ3< 0; KS-entropy value is greater than zero (h = 0,018 ± 0,002); characteristic time that can be predicted by changes in the level corresponding to 58 - 60 days.

Conclusion. The analysis conducted by methods of nonlinear dynamics shows deterministic character of Caspian Sea level changes for 1931–2009 and realization of dynamic chaos.

Abstract. Aim.The subject of the research are economic payments, their normative regulation, problems and perspectives. The aim of the research is to study and analyze the problems of ecological charges calculation and payment.

Methods.The following scientific methods were used in this research: 1. Heuristic: collective notepad method, brainstorming, synectics method, case method. 2. Traditional: method of comparison; method of relative and comparative values; graphic method; group method. 3. Method of deterministic factors: the method of chain production; the method of absolute differences; the method of relative differences. 4. Methods of stochastic factor analysis: correlation and regression analysis; analysis of variance; analysis of compnents; multidimensional analysis. 5.Methods of optimized indicators: economic and mathematical methods; programming; the theory of mass examination; game theory; operations research. Innovative approaches. Data mining term is used to indicate the aggregate methods of information detection necessary to make decisions in different spheres of the economy; and it is also the software which allows to optimize and simplify the analysis procedure. The most widespread of them are: Vortex, SPSS, Statistica.

Results.The terms of ecological charges are considered and generalized, the estimation of waste negative impact on the environment is given, the ecological legislation is analyzed, recommendations on basic and technical norms are given.The area of research results application may be the ecological legislation and its economic aspects.

Main conclusions.The general order of payment calculation for the negative influence on the environment is used if users of natural resources beside the waste of business activity affect the Environment the other way: polluting stuff emission into the atmosphere or water objects.

Abstract. Aim is study of biological diversity of the Caspian coasts and islands ecosystems, the composition, especially geographical distribution and possible ways of forming of darkling beetles fauna (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

Methods. We used the traditional methods of collecting (hand collecting, soil traps, light traps), processing and material definition. List discussed tenebrionid fauna is composed using Abdurakhmanov and Medvedev (1994), Abdurakhmanov and Nabozhenko (2011).

Results. The paper includes a comparative analysis of darkling beetles (341 species) of 17 regions of 5 Caspian countries. Diversity of Tenebrionidae of the Caspian islands Chechen (32 species), Tyuleniy (29 species), Nordovyi (24 species), Kulaly (16 species) is discussed for the first time. Faunistic base of discussed ecosystems includes species with turanian (sensu lato, 204 species), steppe (42 species), caucasian (30 species, including subendemics of the Caucasus), mediterranean (19 species), western asian (17 species) biogeographic complexes with background of widespread euro-siberian, transpalearctic, paleotropical species. Сonnections and relations of regional and island faunas are discussed.

Main conclusions. Results of the study will be a step in the determination of age of the islands through the biological diversity and the coastal level regime of the Caspian Sea, as well as possible changes in the population structure of darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on island ecosystems.

Abstract. Subject, theme, aim of the work. The Caucasus is a mountainous country with very rich natural environment, which defines a large variety of wildlife in the region, the complexity of its fauna. On this basis, the aim of the work was to study the composition of each mammal species fauna and selection on this basis mammals of the Caucasus, the structure of each species area and selection on this basis the ecological and faunal groups, types of mammalian fauna of the Caucasus, in the integration of them in zoogeographical complexes. It was made the attempt to conduct an objective zoogeographical analysis of Caucasus theriofauna at the present material.

Methods. The main research method was a zoogeographical method. We studied the composition, distribution of Caucasus theriofauna species, determined the habitat optimum and the geometric center of the area, the ecological specificity of each species, and its compliance with the optimum selected habitat conditions. On this basis and taking into account the history of the fauna formation and its genetic makeup, we distinguished the ecological faunal groups that served as the basis for the allocation of fauna types and combining them into zoogeographical complexes.

Results. It has been identified a total species composition and it has been obtained an objective picture of the Caucasus mammals distribution on the established ecological and faunal groups on the basis of the environmental features analysis of the species needs, revealing their locations and the optimum concentration of population in the area of distribution. Three new ecological and faunal groups of mammals has been proposed to use in the Caucasus, one of which is a Caucasian mountain-steppe, for the first time. The list of endemic and relict theriofauna of the Caucasus has been defined. The basis for a complete analysis of theriofauna zoogeographical region has been prepared. The area of results application. The obtained results allow us to identify and clarify the naturally existing in the course of historical development the modern faunal connections, patterns of the Caucasus theriofauna genesis. This information makes it possible in the future, taking into account the results of our other work, to make theriofauna zoogeographical analysis, to suggest certain additions and clarifications to the zoogeographical regionalization of the Caucasus, to organize continuous monitoring of the species condition associated with increased activity of human impact on the landscape of the Caucasus.

Summary. As a result of this work, it has been revealed dwelling in the Caucasus region up to 156 species of mammals, it has been studied their distribution both within the Caucasus and throughout the whole territory of residence and the structure of their areas. On this basis, it has been allocated up to 16 ecological and faunal groups and it has been presented their zoogeographical range. It has been made the basis for a complete analysis of the Caucasus zoogeographical theriofauna.

Abstract. Aim. Araneofauna of Peri-Caspian is fragmentary studied. A literature contains faunistic data for the North-West Caspian and Volga River delta. Several faunistic records and new species were earlier described from the North Caspian. Spiders of Mangyshlak are insufficiently studied. The aim of this wark is summation of available data on araneofauna of coast and islands of North Peri-Caspian with more detailed analisys of spiders of North Caspian islands. Location. Russia: Astrakhan Region, Dagestan, Kalmykia; Kazakhstan: Atyrau and Mangystau Regions.

Methods. Investigations include Caspian coastal zone with width about 20 km from Makhachkala (western coast) to Tyub Kurgan (eastern coast) and islands of the Caspian Sea: Nordovyi, Tyuleniy, Chechen, Kulaly. Pitfall traps and manual collection were used during 1975–1985 and 2009–2013.

Results and main conclusions. Annotated check-list of 325 species of spiders from 31 families is made for North Caspian coast and islands. Species of the families Gnaphosidae (67 species), Salticidae (46 species) и Lycosidae (37 species) are dominated. Three hundred four species are known from coastal (width 20 km) zone (from Makhachkala to Tyub Kurgan) and 132 species were found on islands. North-Eastern Peri-Caspian coast contents 198 species, Volga River delta – 134 species, coast of North and North Eastern Caspian – 98 species. Number of species on Caspian islands: Nordovyi – 30, Tuleniy – 83, Chechen – 66, Kulaly – 43. Each island has its special araneofauna. There are significant differences in fauna composition of different parts of coastal zone.

Abstract. Plankton of Ust-Kura region of the Caspian Sea is studied in 2009–2011. Forty-eight species of planktonic ciliates, 17 species of Cladocera, 3 species of rotifers and 2 species of copepods are registered during the studies. Species diversity of all groups strongly influences the Kura River defining seawater desalination this site. The vast majority of species of plankton community refers to freshwater representatives or eurybiontic species able to exist in a wide range of salinity.

Methods.Collected samples for evaluation were examined diatomaceous plankton partially invivo, and then fixed with 4% formalin with addition of dye "Benqalrose". Further processing of the samples was carried out under laboratory conditions.

Results. During the study 43 species of ciliates, 3 species of rotifers, 17 species of Cladocera and 2 species of copepods and their larval stages was noted (Table 1) . As seen from Table 1, the distribution of planktonic ciliates to collection points was fairly even and ranged from a minimum number of species reported by Article 1 (22 species) to a maximum at station 5 (31 species). It should also be noted that the vast majority mentioned in plankton ciliates are typical planktontam is distributed fairly evenly throughout the studied waters. Random plankton species, such as representatives of Condylostoma and Amphisiella were marked in shallow water stations 4 and 5. Apparently their presence in the samples is due to the temporary transfer of benthic plankton under the influence of the wave factor.

Abstract. Aim. Industrialization of Caspian oil and gas supplies requires a serious approach to the problem of protecting and preserving the region’s unique environment that, in fact, represents a property of international commons. The article studies into the impact of the Caspian modified waters on the benthos faunistic composition.

Methods. Zooplancton and zoobenthos hydrobiology material was collected in the Central Caspian survey loop. Samples were collected in spring and summer in 2002 – 2007 in the western part of the Caspian Sea (Dagestan offshore location of the Caspian Sea from Smirnovsky Midstream Sandbank and Pearl Bank till Derbent latitude) on “Tsada” vessel. They were collected from 25 stations located on ten standard parallel latitude logs with depth scope of 8–100 m from 0, 10, 25, 100 m horizons. These samples were used as a material for characterizing phyto- and zooplankton.

Results. The benthic can be considered the most stable communities of the marine environment as they are the most resilient to quantity and modifications. Heterogeneous and variable ecosystem (biotope) is typical of the areas with strong currents as the organic quality, quantity and physic-chemical properties are marked by variability.

Location. The Caspian zoobenthos state as well as the features of the Caspian Sea benthos communities characterize the ecology of the Caspian Sea and give a true view of the situation in the drilling sites. This will help predict and avert negative effect of hydrocarbon production on the Caspian Sea ecosystem. Main conclusions. Water modification must be intensive, long-lasting and frequent for it to have an impact on benthos.

Abstract. Aim. Forest flora of the Central Ciscaucasia in General is a relict, geographically situated in the steppe zone. Composing flora elements have different types of habitats, concentrated in the natural physical-geographical unit where isolated from the main habitats. Comparative analysis of the geographic, ecological and systematic components of forest flora will provide data about the correlation of these parameters identify the leading group. Location. The Central Ciscaucasia

Methods. We made the geographical and systematic ranges of forest flora of the Central Ciscaucasia and their comparative analysis is conducted.

Results. Geographical analysis of forest flora of the Central Ciscaucasia revealed 16 geographical elements, grouped in 6 categories, among which is the predominant group of boreal geographical elements. It is established that the leading geographical elements are Euro-Caucasian, Caucasian and Sub-Caucasian, numbering 189 species, and are half of the flora. Comparison with ecological spectrum showed that the sequence geographical elements completely different, here leading positions are occupied Northern species as ecologically more conservative, and the Caucasian demonstrate ecological plasticity. In a systematic relation matched warheads geographical and systematic spectra. The scope of the results. The results may be used in comparative Floristics, in its theoretical part in adjusting the
models of the Genesis of the flora.

Conclusions. Thus, half of the geographical elements of the forest flora of the Central Ciscaucasia are linked in their distribution of Caucasian floristic province (Euro-Caucasian, Caucasian and Sub-Caucasian). These same geographical elements to predominate in the head part of the spectrum families. Most geographical elements have low ecological plasticity species, their components, do not go beyond the forest plant association, but geographical elements head part of the geographical range are the most ecologically plasticity.

The authors analyze the climatic conditions in the landscapes of the Northern Caucasus during the period of 1966–2010 in comparison with the previous base period (1931–1960). It is noted general increase of the air temperature (from 0.2 to 0.7°) and the rainfall (30–65 mm) as well. Despite of this fact the value of the humidity factor being the integral index of the inner landscape moisturizing conditions changed very slightly (not more than by 0.10). The overall climate changes were revealed not in the form of the unidirectional sustainable trends, but through the significant 2–3 year fluctuations in the temperature and precipitations. As a result the temporary landscape structure has not undergone any significant changes. It allows concluding the stability of the landscape structure of the region.

Abstract. Aim. Monitoring and forecasting of malignant tumors of the child population of the Republic of Dagestan.

Methods. Current and retrospective analysis of indicators of regional health cartographic method, mathematical and cartographic
modeling, methods of medical and geographic analysis were key research methods (Malkhazova, 2001; Murman, 2004; Puzachenko,
2004; Trukhacheva, 2012).

Results. General incidence of malignant tumors in children evolved mainly due to the high incidence of males in the study period. However, analysis of the average annual growth rate of malignant neoplasms detected a substantial increase in the female group. Analysis of the age structure of malignant tumors revealed extensive highest incidence of children in the age group from 0 to 4 years, where the average annual rate of cancer rates of males was higher than that of females. A similar tendency was noted and gender in other age groups. Maximum values of the average annual growth rate of malignant neoplasms of the child population of the republic is also found in the age group 0 to 4 years, which is mainly formed by high performance in the male population. Projections of cancer incidence over the next 10 years (2012–2022). Revealed an increase in child cancer rates, women's group which will be slightly higher than in men.

Main conclusions. The results can be used in the development of program activities and strategies in the field of socioeconomic development, environmental monitoring environment, the health care system of the Republic of Dagestan. Results of the study will help to develop evidence-based recommendations for cancer prevention relevant to the areas of the Republic of Dagestan, which can be used by institutions of the Ministry of Health to conduct screening RD state children's health.

Pseudoteuchestes schirparakensis (Petrovitz, 1955) from Kazakhstan and Neocalaphodius moestus (Fabricius, 1801) from Tajikistan are recorded as new for the fauna of Middle Asia