Abstract. Aim. Research on the latest sustainable eco-development projects shows that the observed inconsistency of findings and recommendations is related to the underestimation of the socio-economic background of ecodevelopment. Illustrated system of equations allows us to calculate the ecological capacity and limits of human impacts on the entire hierarchy of territorial units from the rural areas to the biosphere as a whole. The purpose of the work is evaluating the basic model for sustainable eco-development at the regional level and ecological capacity as a basis for normalizing the anthropogenic burden within the country and its regions. 
Methods. Methods of measuring and evaluating the sustainability of geosystems.
Location. The Republic of Dagestan
Results. Priority and highly effective measures are carried out to restore the functions of biological control over the environment.
Main conclusion. In this paper we propose a way out of the current ecological crisis when fulfilling the given conditions for depopulation and restoring the stability of the living space on the basis of the fundamental mechanisms of biotic recovery of all environmental fluctuations.

Astract. Aim. Research of ecological and geochemical pollution of soils of Kizilyurt city with use of GIS for an assessment of an ecological condition of an urban area as indicator of a sustainable development. 

Methods. Investigation in field conditions and by methods of chemical analyses of tests of soil samples. Laboratory and analytical researches are executed by using of the standard techniques on the nuclear and absorbing spectrophotometer. Mathematical and statistical methods are applied. Ecological maps and relational Databases are constructed by using of GIS-technologies. 

Results. The analysis of results of urban soils on the content of heavy metals showed that the greatest contribution to complex pollution of soils of the city is made by lead. The raised content of lead in soils of the city proves the fact of that the soil is the long-term concentrator of pollyutants.
Distribution of lead pollution speaks from positions of intensity of an automobile stream. Data on the content of lead in soils of an urban soils indicate essential dispersion of indicators of a mobile form (from 18 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg). Excess is observed not only in comparison with the background contents, also repeatedly (from 3rd to 16 times) indicators of maximum permissible concentration of lead are exceeded. Zc values vary from values 7,2 to 12,1 in various points of the city depending on an arrangement in relation to highways or the industrial enterprises. 

Main conclusions. On a estimating scale of pollution danger of Kizilyurt soil treat category "moderately dangerous" and "dangerous" pollution by heavy metals. The ecological assessment of city soils shows an adverse and dangerous situation for population health. The relational Database of environmental monitoring of natural and technogenic systems on the example of Kizilyurt city is created. According to an ecological and geochemical assessment digital geoinformation cartographical models of a condition of an urban area are constructed. 

Aims. The authors of the article analyze climatic conditions in semidesert landscapes of Primorskaya lowland of Dagestan for 18822012. There were also analyzed changes in these parameters over decades, in general, the contribution of certain seasons and months in annual temperature and precipitation change is revealed.
Location. Primorskaya lowland of Dagestan. 
Methods. By means of methods of mathematical statistics there were analyzed changes in average annual air tem perature and amount of precipitation as well as gross moisture conditions of active vegetation period (the coefficient of moisture).
Results. The analysis leads to the conclusion that unidirectional trends in temperature and precipitation (for exam ple, the increase of air temperature or amount of precipitation) are relatively rare; there are more often observed 23 years multidirectional fluctuations of climatic parameters. 
Main conclusions. In general, despite a maximum warming of the last decade (20012010), the threshold values of climatic parameters (for example, amount of precipitation and coefficient of moisture) remain within those values that were noted for the reviewed 130 years. As a result this climatic variability is considered as a characteristic feature of semidesert landscapes of Primorskaya lowland of Dagestan. 

Aim. The aim of the given building paper is to expose morphobiological peculiarities of Russian Sturgeon, and also the investigation of hydrocarbon accumulation in organs and tissues in sturgeon species.
Location. The Caspian Sea
Methods. Conventional methods of ichtyological investigations were used. 
Results. Distinctly expressed trend of interyear dinamics, characterized by gradually decrease from 1999 by 2006 of the general content of hydrocarbons and aromatic fraction in organs and tissues of sturgeon has been exposed on the basis of analysis of data obtained during autumn investigations.
Main conclusions. The investigations conducted showed that in mascular tissues of sturgeons (according to average indeces for many years), the content of aromatic hydrocarbons is lower than in muscles of sturgeons. The degree of hydrocarbon accumulation at in museles doesn’t only determine the consumer value of hydrobionts, but also the depth organism affection. Their accumulation in gonads characterizes possibility of reproductive functions of sturgeon population disturbance. 

Aim. Fauna of Kazakhstan includes about one thousand species of spiders according to the latest data (Logunov, Gromov, Timokhanov, 2012; Mikhailov, 2013). However, most of these data refers to the western and eastern regions of the country. Spiders fauna of Central Kazakhstan is poorly studied. The aim of this study is to summarize available data about spiders in protected areas of Kostanay Region of Kazakhstan.
Location. Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan
Methods. Spiders were collected in 2013 on territory of Naurzum State Reserve and Altyn Dala State Reserve using hand collection and soil traps.
Results and main conclusions. Preliminary annotated list of 84 species, 49 genera and 15 families from protected areas of Kostanai Region of Kazakhstan based on original and literature data is given. Thirty five species of spiders are registered in Naurzum Reserve and fifty three species are found from Altyn Dala Reserve. Found a number of rare and little-know species (Hypsosinga kazachstanica, Shaitan elchini, Evippa kazachstanica) 

Aim. The aim of this study was the morphological analysis of liver of fish of the families percidae, spike and zherekh Delta R. Volga. 
Location. The Caspian sea. 
Methods. Used the conventional method of preparation of histological preparations 
Results. In the liver of the Volga fish were observed for different values of the granularity of the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, necrosis of small areas of the parenchyma of the organ, proliferation of connective tissue around the triad, slow blood flow, were found numerous small hemorrhages. 
Main conclusions. The study found that all the fish was broken beam structure of the liver revealed cirrhosis. 

Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of distribution scarabaeini coasts and Islands of the Caspian Sea. 
Methods. Used standard methods of data collection and analysis of the material. The material for this work were collected by the authors in numerous expeditions, among which should be noted particularly complex expedition of the Institute of applied ecology on the island Nordby, Chechen, seal, Cully. Also take into account the material given in the literature as faunal summaries (Kryzhanovsky, Medvedev, 1960, Baraud, 1968, Grigoryants, 1983, Nikolaev, 1987, Shokhin, 2002, 2007, Shokhin, Abdurakhmanov, Olejnik, 2012, and others), surveys of the fauna of the former USSR (Medvedev, 1949-1964, Kabakov, 2006), Europe (Baraud, 1992, 1993), and numerous taxonomic revisions. 
Location. Coasts and Islands of the Caspian Sea. 
Results. A list of 407 taxa recorded coasts of the Caspian Sea. 
Main conclusions. The basis of the fauna are species Turanian origin, are also a significant number of species of Mediterranean origin. The fauna of the mainland is divided into three main clusters, generally corresponding to the Northern, Eastern and South-Zapadna coasts. The fauna of the Islands is obediently collectively with unique features. 

Abstract. Aim. To study the structural and metabolic features of the hepatobiliary system for chronic oral exposure to pesticides in combination with acetate gastric ulcer.
Methods. After playing acetate stomach ulcers spent histomorphologically and histoenzymatic research cryostatic and paraffin tissue sections of the liver of experimental and control animals. Set response to succinate dehydroge nase, lactate dehydrogenase, which is glitserofosfatdegidrogenazy, nicotineinduced  diaphorase, monoamine oxi dase, acid and alkaline phosphatase; determined the content of glycogen and RNA in the liver with subsequent com puter flow cytometric evaluation. 

Results. When injecting pesticides at 1 exposure limit values (ELV) to animals there increase metabolic and protec tiveadaptive processes both in ulcer border zone and in remote fraction of the liver. Increasing doses of pesticides up to 50 ELV and above cause aggressive course of ulcer with penetration into the liver and development of second ary hepatitis, hepatosclerosis and dysfunction of the hepatobiliary system. 

Main conclusions. When combined pathology with gastric ulcers modeling (OkabePfeiffer) and chronic oral expo sure of hexachlorocyclohexane, CuSO4, chlorophos pathomorphological changes in the liver are caused by both dose of pesticides and ulcers morphogenesis. The most toxic for the liver from the studied pesticides is hexachloro cyclohexane. 

Aim. Analysis of the over all spectrum of life forms of the flora of coastal ecosystems of Dagestan and structural variability of the spectrum indifferent types of plant communities.
Methods. The species composition of plant communities and their structural and dynamic features have been determined according to biomorphological indicators during the research and post-processing of the collected material. Based on system of Raunkiera K. (1934) there have been identified five major biomes (fanerofity, hamefity, hemicryptophytes, cryptophytes, terofity) of the flora of coastal ecosystem sof Dagestan, without any further specification.
Results. Hemicryptophytes numbering 437 species or 43.52% of the total species composition have been dominated in the flora of coastal ecosystems of Dagestan. In second place terofity (388 species, or 38.64%), the third cryptophytes (80 species or 7.97%). Fanerofity and hanefite are respectively 6.57% and 3.68%. Thus, herbaceous species account or 905 species, or 90.13%. Trees, bushes and shrubsaccountfor a totalof 103 species, or 9.87%. A fairly large percentage of Trofimov can be explained by participation in the studied flora of weedy annuals.
Main conclusions. By dominant, similar to the total spectrum of life forms of flora, the position of hemicryptophytes and Trofimov semi-desert and dry steppe plant communities are zonal and climatically determined for this area.

Aim. The study of the vegetation of the island seal under the influence transgressive-regressive fluctuations of the Caspian sea 
Methods. Collection of field data was carried out routing and forwarding method. To collect and herborization plants used by traditional equipment necessary for floral studies. When identifying plants in laboratory conditions used stereomicroscope MBS-2 and field telescopes with 8-fold magnification. 
Results. As a result of changes of the Caspian sea level is the transformation of the vegetation and soils of the Islands. During the transgressive cycle of development is shifting xerophytes halophytes and hydrophytes, automorphous soils hydromorphic. During the regressive cycle develops a reverse trend. 
Main conclusions. Succession from sagebrush-solenkovoy vegetation to wormwood, and then to sagebrush-grass or grass-sagebrush are amid higher hypsometric level and reduce the salinity of the soil substrates 

Aim. We analysed current environmental state of the Dagestan coast of the Caspian Sea. Data on the spatial variability of contaminants in the coastal areas of the Dagestan segment of the Caspian Sea from the northern districts (Lopatin) to the central (Sulak coastal land) and, further, to the southern district (within Russian subsoil management) confirm that it is caused by irregular contamination of the sea by above-ground sources. 
Location. Dagestan coastal area of the Caspian Sea
Methods. Concentration analysis of background contamination of chemical agents in the Dagestan coastal water from northern districts (Lopatin) to southern (Sulak coastal land) during the period between 2004 and 2007.
Results. Data on the spatial variability of contaminants in the coastal areas of the Dagestan segment of the Caspian Sea from the northern districts (Lopatin) to the central (Sulak coastal land) and, further, to the southern district (within Russian subsoil management) confirm that it is caused by irregular contamination of the sea by above-ground sources.
Main conclusions. The envisaged large-scale hydrocarbon resource development requires regular monitoring of sea currents on Makhachkala, Izberbash and Derbent roads.

Aim. Analysis of the status of the areas with the use of geoinformation technologies for environmental assessment to ensure sustainable development of natural-anthropogenic systems.
Methods. Researches in field conditions and methods of chemical analyses of samples are conducted. Laboratory and analytical researches are executed with use of the standard techniques on the nuclear and absorbing spectrophotometer. The obtained data were analyzed by mathematical and statistical methods. Ecological maps are constructed with application of GIS-technologies. 
Results. Laid the basis for integrated environmental assessments of urban areas using geographic information systems. Conducted research to identify pollution of soil, air, and vegetation. Created digital environmental databases.
Main conclusions. The developed techniques and algorithms of creation of a database and thematic digital vector maps and use of geoinformation technologies in ecological researches can be recommended as basic at similar researches both in territories of the cities of the Republic of Dagestan, and after the corresponding adjustment and completion when studying natural landscapes

Aim. The study of the investigation of apwellig on the Caspian Sea in 2010-2012 years, on the basic of the remote sensing and hydrometeorological observations.
Location. Water area of the middle Caspian Sea.
Methods. In this article were used the methods of mapping, geoinformatics and the remote sensing. 
Results. As a result of works in the medium ArcGis 9.0 created GIS-project, which integrates spatially coordinated and contact details.
Main conclusions. During the investigation with the geoinformational technology revealed thah the apwelling in the western middle Caspian was mezzoand even macroscale phenomen (especially large temperature anomalies, generally, in the are of Lopatin over 4 h.kl2). 

Aim. The settlement pond and transboundary transport of pollutants between different perts of the Caspian sea.
Location. Water area of the Caspian Sea.
Methods. In the study used the methods of calculating of operational wind fields, sea levels and currents. ResultsThe technology was developed for the calculating of the reservoir and the transport of pollutants between the different parts, with operational hydrodynamic model of high-revolution, located in a mode of “constant readiness”.
Mainconclusions. Transport of pollutants characterized by their entry (P) and removal (B) outside for the Russian sector of subsoil, and also of the resulting transfer (RP= P - B– and total transfer (SP= P +B). The different sectors and levels of water were markedly different from each other by the nature of the transfer of pollutants. 

Aim. The pollution of the bottom sediments in the north-western part of the Caspian sea hydrocarbons and persistent organic pollutants.
Location.Caspian Sea.
Methods. The materials for this article is based on the results of monitoring conducted in 2012-2013 years.
Results. Sediments in the north-western part of the Caspian Sea as a whole slightly contaminated YV and SOZ, although localized areas of high pollution are marked, especially characteristic of the Middle Caspian.
Mainconclusions.The studies were showed, PAY in the sediments are mixed genesis, but most of them, in all probability, were petroleum origin. The not weathered hydrocarbons are presented in sediments, which indicates to the presence of the local sources of the fresh oil pollution on the surveyed area.

Aim. To identify the reasons for the decline of fish stocks in the Caspian sea.
Location. The Caspian sea.
Methods. When adverse effects of multiple abiotic factors, the other part indicates the important role of fisheries. How fair this point of view will try to answer in this paper. Consider long-term changes in the average water temperature in the Northern Caspian sea.
Results. Considered abiotic and biological factors ( prey base) productivity of the Northern Caspian sea could cause catastrophic ( tenfold) reduction of fish stocks. Evidence of this is shown in table. 2 which shows that external factors do not provide a clear correlation with the yield of fish, more important are the internal factors related to the impact of fishing.
Main conclusions. You should pay very close attention to human factors and in particular on the volume of catch, location and time fishing and more time to assess how rational our modern craft.

Aim. The article considers a notion of subject of such crime as illegal hunting. Only a man can be a subject of this crime. The content of such crime is revealed with the help of such properties as guilt, motive and aim. The article considers different properties of a subject of crime: 1) Physical nature
Illegal actions can be committed by a man directly or indirectly. If during hunting a dog without its master’s command got a wild animal, the hunter is not liable as here intentional crime is absent. Juridical entities also are not admitted a subject of crime, only their representative if he committed this crime. 2) Criminal capacity. A person is not liable for this crime if he committed it in the state of criminal incapacity (CC Art.21). If illegal hunting is committed by a person in the state of drunkenness he is admitted capable and is liable for the crime(Criminal Code) art.23). 3) A definite age. According to Art.23 of RF CC criminal responsibility for illegal hunting comes from the age of 16 . Performance of art.11, 12, 13 of CC concerns citizens of Russia, foreign citizens and persons without citizenship who committed poaching on the territory of Russia. Thus, the subject of poaching is a capable physical person reached the age of 16 by the moment of committing the crime.

Methods. questionnaire method was applied for finding out the predominant motive and aim of illegal hunting. Result. 82% of pollee officials of hunting supervision bodies indicated the motive of profit as a predominant in committing illegal hunting.
Location. Pskovskaya, Tulskaya, Moskovskaya regions. 
Conclusions. 
1.Illegal hunting is committed only intentionally.
2.The aim of poaching is killing wild animals and further use of their meat, skin, down, and active rest
3.The more spread motives of poaching are: mercenary motives (35%) and hunting passion