Abstract. The study presents the population indices of life quality of inhabitants of Dibgali, Guladty and Karbuchimakhi rural settlements in Dakhadaev district, Republic of Dagestan. The study was conducted using a questionnaire SF-36. The regularities of the age and gender changes of parameters of quality of life were identified. The highest rate in the analyzed settlements was marked on a scale of social functioning, the lowest on the scale of overall health.

Aim.The goal of this work was a pilot study of population indices of the life quality of inhabitants of Dibgali, Guladty and Karbuchimakhi rural settlements in Dakhadaev district, Republic of Dagestan.

Methods.The study was conducted using a questionnaire SF-36 in accordance with the requirements of the International project of evaluation of life quality (IPELQ). Data was collected by questionnaire on the basis of direct survey respondents.
Statistical processing of the data obtained from surveys of the quality of life based on the general principles of statistics and conducted
using the package of applied programs STATISTICA and Excel.
Results.Population quality of life of the residents in some rural settlements in Dakhadaev district of Republic of Dagestan were received. Average indicators of the quality of life of residents for 8 scales of the questionnaire SF-36 range from 53,4 (scale of the overall health) to 76.3 (scale of social functioning). The study of gender differences in population indices of quality of life showed that the parameters of the quality of life of the male population in all scales of the questionnaire significantly higher than that in women. A similar trend was observed in all age groups, that is, in general, indicators of physical, mental and social functioning of the female population of the studied territories were lower than of men. Indicators of the quality of life in the analyzed settlements are decreasing in both men and women.

Main conclusions.The results of population studies of quality of life in general indicate that the environmental component, understood in the framework of 3-defining model of sustainable development (economy, social sphere, ecology), makes a great contribution to the integral profiles quality of life of the rural population. Although the countryside is traditionally considered to be ecologically safe, in our study the numeric parameters of the quality of life have the same dynamics as in studies of population in large, industrialized cities, reflecting the specific problems of the environment.

Abstract. Aim. Adaptation possibilities of mycobacteria in the conditions of existence in the external environment and habitats of animals and man are studied. Adaptation mechanisms, which have pathogenic mycobacteria, allow them to survive long and circulate in the environment, which leads to special sanitary and epidemiological value of pathogens of tuberculosis. Location. Russia, Dagestan.

Results. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a high resistance to influence of cold, heat, chemical and physical factors, moisture and light. They carry high and low temperatures, while more than a year pathogenic properties, and even more in the dark and without sunlight. It should be noted that the stability of pathogenic species of mycobacteria in the external environment is relatively lower than that of saprophytes, capable of quickly adapting to the external environment. Raonin’s groups have more widespread in environment, in water, soil, air, plants, and habitats of animals, products of plant and animal origin and their often isolated from clinical samples.

Main conclusions. Environmental conditions define the intensity of habitats of any species of mycobacteria in certain landscapes and their circulation in macroorganism. The impact of the various elements of the environment both in the macro- and microorganisms is a response that was the basis for the development of the doctrine about “limiting factors”. This concept applies not only to the necessary for mycobacteria chemical elements, but also to all the other environmental factors (temperature, humidity, aeration conditions etc). Minimum and maximum intensity factors determine the limits of endurance species. Beyond these limits, due to sharply expressed extreme conditions and is portable microorganism existence of species is not possible. The most favorable for the species optimum intensity of environmental factors, usually occupied a middle position. This provision is significantly narrower than the limits of endurance species. At the same time, the nature and mechanisms of interaction of microorganisms with macroorganism just as diverse and play a decisive role in the life and evolution of many species of bacteria, which is an important environmental factor in determining the many sides of evolutionary changes of humans and animals.

Annotation. The problems and technological solutions have been considered for the demineralization and cleaning of the low-potential artesian waters of North Dagestan, promising for using in the systems of geothermal hot water supply and as a source of drinking water. The proposed method allows the problem of single-stage cleaning waters from arsenic compounds and humic acids. This method has been tested on Dagestan artesian waters, which contained arsenic in an amount significantly exceeding a standard value for such pollutant.

Abstract. This study is aimed at decision of important socio-economic problems, such as heat and water supply to the population of the arid zones of Northern Dagestan based on complex use of low-potential geothermal waters’ reserves. Arsenic compounds and humic acids was found in the most studied waters in amounts far exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) limiting rate for drinking water by spectral analysis methods (AAS, SPM). The sorbent based on DEAE-cellulose modified with Fe3+ ions was prepared and tested by us for cleaning of the waters containing the arsenic compounds in an amount of more than 700 mcg/dm3 and humic acids in an amount approximately equal to 200 mg/dm3. This method has been successfully applied for the demineralization and cleaning of artesian waters in Kizlyarskiy, Tarumovskiy and Babayurtovskiy areas of Dagestan Republic to produce pure water complied with drinking water quality specification. Further studies, in our opinion, should be carried out in two directions, namely, coverage of new adjacent territories to study the mineral composition and identification of pollutants of underground drinking water of the North Caucasus region of Russia, as well as the creation of new efficient methods of purification of artesian water with a wider range of their pollutants.

Abstract. Aim. Study of biological diversity of the Caspian and island ecosystems, the composition, especially the geographical distribution and possible ways of forming a scoop fauna (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) are presented.

Methods. We used the traditional methods of collecting (light traps, hand picking from the screen), and the definition of material processing. List of species composition of discussed fauna composed by modern taxonomy using directories is presented.

Results. 40 -years study of the authors (islands ecosystems are discussed at the first time), and published works of other researchers are summarized. Fauna of Caspian coast and islands ecosystems is represented by 902 species (Chechen Island – 82 species, Tyuleniy Island – 59, Nordoviy Island – 21, Kulaly Island – 28). Fairly well represented on the mainland genera (Cuculia – 64, Acronicta –28, Caradrina – 24, Hadena – 31, Euxoa – 51, Xestia – 63, etc.) have from 1 to 5 species on the islands. Cornutiplusia circumflexa (Linnaeus,1767), Photedes extrema (Hübner, 1809), Pseudohadena immunda (Eversmann, 1842 ), Hadena capsincola (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775 ) are found only on the islands, and Turkmen species, genus and subfamily has not been which were not found in the south-west of Kazakhstan is found on Chechen Island. Analysis of areas of discussed fauna showed a clear dominance Turanian, Mediterranean, Trans-Holarctic complexes. Established relationship and power links 13 regional and island faunas five Caspian countries.

Main conclusions. The results obtained in the amount of the other groups of insects, arachnids, animals and plants form the basis of findings of probable ways of formation of these faunas, the age of the islands themselves, and most importantly the level regime of the Caspian Sea.

Abstract. Aim. The study of biological diversity of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of Zakatala State Natural Reserve is presented. List of species composition of discussed fauna is composed.

Methods. We used traditional methods of collection (hand picking, traps soil, soil traps, light amplification, light traps), material processing and determination.

Results. The paper presents list of species of ground beetles including 165 species belonging to 44 genera and 22 tribes. Main conclusions. Special studies of ground beetle fauna are conducted in Zakatala Reserve for the first time. Ground beetles play a significant role in various ecosystems and have high species diversity, it’s possible to use ground beetles in zoological diagnosis of soils as indicators of soil and vegetation conditions and zoological objects monitoring .

Abstract. The article describes the seasonal dynamics, as well as a comparison of the species composition and structural analysis of communities of soil ciliates.

Methods. Assembled with standard collection points soil samples delivered to the laboratory for further processing. Comparison of species composition of soil ciliates two different sites was carried out by Czekanowski-Sorensen, and to analyze the community structure of soil ciliates are normally used in environmental studies-dominance indices Simpson, Margalef species diversity.

Results.Studies have shown that the species composition and abundance of soil ciliates individual species consistently changing seasons of the year. In general it can be noted that the total number of seasonal dynamics of soil ciliates is a bimodal curve with peaks in spring and autumn and minima in winter and summer.

Main conclusions.Species composition and the total number of soil ciliates in the territory of the Samur-Yalama National Park varies both qualitatively and quantitatively depending on the time of year. Some regularities in the change of species of soil ciliates in forest soils Samur - Yalama National Park. Studies have shown the presence of certain seasonal faunal assemblages in communities of soil ciliates. The qualitative and quantitative distribution of ciliates pedobiontov affect environmental factors (both abiotic and biotic) causing microzonation distribution of these free-celled animals within a few centimeters.

Abstract. Comparative data on the species composition and species saprobic indicators of the psammon ciliates from Sumgait coast of the Caspian Sea are given.

Methods. “Alive” samples were collected using a small clean plastic wide mouth bottles. Further processing was carried out under laboratory conditions. Small quantities of soil were examined under a binocular microscope MBS-9 . Ciliates detected microvessel caught and fixed castors for further impregnation kinetoma silver nitrate (Chatton et Lwoff, 1930) or silver proteinate. To determine the keys for ciliates used Foyssner’s major publications (Foissner et al., 1991, 1992, 1999) and “Free-living ciliates Atlas” (Alekperov, 2005).

Results. We observed 75 species of ciliates during the studies, which species composition and distribution of the collection points are shown in table 1. Diagrams with average data were made relations groups psammophilous ciliates indicators saprobity different zones for each of the sites investigated Sumgait coast.

Main conclusions. Environmental analysis using benthic ciliates indicators saprobity different zones showed that as expected, the industrial zone of Sumgayit coast coast, despite the decline in recent years, the total amount of pollution that is still highly contaminated portion of the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea.

Abstract. An annotated list of beetles of the subfamily Chrysomelinae of Kuba-Khachmaz Region of Azerbaijan is provided
for the first time. In total 18 species were found, 5 of which are new records to Azerbaijan and 4 to Kuba-Khachmaz Region. Also, among these beetles such a serious pests were recorded as Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, Chrysolina menthastri Suffr., Chrysomela populi L., Chrysomela vigintipunctata Scop., Qastrophysa polygoni L., Phaedon cochleariae F. which are harmful to both forest and agricultural ecosystems.

Methods. Collection of eggs, larvae, pupae and adults was carried out by examination of wild and cultivated plants, soil excavation as well as mowing a net for wild plants and trees.To determine leaf beetles used classification and nomenclature of prof. L.N. Medvedeva and prof. D.S. Shapiro.

Results. As a result of research conducted in Cuba-Khachmaz Region 18 species are recorded. To clarify the current state of fauna and nature of the propagation of leaf beetles injuring agricultural plants in the region, and to establish links with certain environmental conditions and rationalization measures against the most harmful species, the importance of finding the distribution of leaf beetles on individual habitats and on the basis of the materials give some data on the biological and ecological features in the territory of Cuba-Khachmaz Region.

Main conclucasions. Leaf beetles registered for Cuba-Khachmaz Region of Azerbaijan belong to 8 genera and 18 species of the subfamily Chrysomelinae: 8 species of the genus Chrysolina, 2 species of Chrysomela, 1 species of Colaphellus, 2 species of Entomoscelis, 1 species of Qastrophysa, 2species of Phratora and 2 species of Phaedon. Among them, 3 species are recorded for the first time for the fauna of Azerbaijan and 4 species for the fauna of Cuba-
Khachmaz Region.

Abstract. Aim. We discussed in previous work a herpetobiont fauna of arachnids (Arachnida) from the isolated yewboxwood wood, located in the Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve, 20 km near Sochi (Ponomarev, Chumachenko, 2007). The aim of the paper is to summarize available data about herpetobiont araneofauna of the Northwest Caucasus. Location. Republic of Adygea, Russia.

Methods. Material was collected in 2009 on north macroslope of Main Caucasian Ridge within the territory of the Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve between 1000–1820 m. The following plant communities are studied: beech-silver fir (assotiation Abieti-Fagetion orientalis Korotkov et Belonovskaya 1987), maple forest (assotiation Petasito albae-Abietetum nordmannianae subassotiation Aceretosum trautvetteri Francuzov 2006), subalpine meadow (assotiation Poa longifolii – Calamagrostietum arundinaceae Semagina, 1992). Soil traps were used for collection of spiders.

Results and main conclusions. During the period of study 100 species of spiders from 19 families are registered. Most diverse araneofauna of subalpine meadows includs 54 species belonging to 14 families. The least diverse araneofauna is in maple forest (24 species of 7 families). In beech-silver fir includes 45 species of 16 families of spiders. Only 3 species (Pireneitega ovtchinnikovi, Cybaeus abchasicus, Tenuiphantes mengei) were found in all surveyed habitats. These 3 species clearly tend to forest habitats. Herpetobiont araneofauna of the Northwest Caucasus characterized by high taxonomic diversity with clear predominance of representatives of the family Linyphiidae. Specificity of araneofauna in different types of plant communities is high.

Based on the analysis of statistical data on child morbidity (from 0 to 17 years old) of the Republic of Dagestan the structure, dynamics and distribution features of cardiovascular diseases, chronic rheumatism, hypertension, congenital heart disease in 2009–2011 are examined. High rates of cardiac morbidity among residents of areas with unfavorable ecological environment characterized by a high content of pollutants in the composition of drinking water, soil and pasture vegetation are mentioned.

Abstract. Aim. Study of this issue is relevant and importantin theoretical andclinical medicine. Low content of iodine in water and food is a cause an iodine deficiency in children and adolescents in the Republic of Dagestan. These data are great importance in medical practice. This article covers one of the pressing issues concerning vitamin and micronutrient deficiency, which affects half of children and teenagers in different areas of the Republic of Dagestan and Russian Federation.

Methods. Children and adolescents of the Republic of Dagestan were objects of study. The iodine content in samples of drinking water and food were examined for the 44 administrative districts of the Republic of Dagestan. Data processing programs were carried out in the AU "SGM" and the Excel.

Results. Full and proper nutrition is the most important condition for maintaining health, high performance and endurance of man and the nation’s gene. It is established that the Republic of Dagestan is a region with iodine deficiency in water and food, which leads to the development of thyroid diseases.

Main conclusions. It is obvious that without appropriate measures for the prevention of iodine deficiency and treatment of diseases associated with it isn't possible to change the situation for the better health of future generations. This problem requires a comprehensive solution that provides replenishment of iodine deficiency in the population (mainly children), including iodization of food and bottled water with affordable and effective technologies.

Annotation. The taxonomic structure and the lists of species of the phytoplankton community in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea have been presented. The dominant complexes have been detected. The predominance of small-cell types is characteristic of the modern structure of the summer phytoplankton. A high floristic diversity has been observed. Bacillariaphyta were the dominants. They made 42% of the species diversity. Cyanophyta algae were the basis of the group, whereas Bacillariaphyta were the basis of the biomass.

Abstract. Aim.The composition of the species of the phytoplankton in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea in conditions of transgression, anthropogenic and chemical contamination has been studied. 

Location. Russian sector of the Caspian Sea.

Methods. The phytoplankton samples were collected at the depths of 8–100m and at the levels of 0, 10, 25, 50, 100 m by the use of the Nansen bathometer and subsequently were fixed in 4 % formalin. The fixed samples were kept in the dark for at least 15 days. The material was concentrated by the common method of deposition. The office processing was carried out in a box of Nozhotta type, which has the volume of 0.1 ml and the triplicate surface, under the light microscope of Biolam P15. The system of domestic diamotologists was used during the classification of Bacillariaphyta, as for the classification of Dinophyta, the Dodge scheme was applied. Cyanophyta algae were classified according to the system of A.A. Elenkina with the amendments adopted by A.I. Proshkina-Lavrenko and V.V. Makarova. The classification of the Chlorophyta division has been done according to the Smith system.

Results. Presented the taxonomic structure and the lists of species of the phytoplankton community in the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea have been presented. The dominant complexes have been detected. A high floristic diversity of 71 species as well as the form and the variety of microalgae of 5 departments have been observed. Bacillariaphyta, which made 42% of the species diversity, were the dominants. Cyanophyta algae were the basis of the group, whereas Bacillariaphyta were the basis of the biomass.

Main conclusions.The predominance of small-cell species is characteristic of the modern structure of the summer phytoplankton.
A high floristic diversity has been observed. The phytoplankton community was represented by five groups: Bacillariaphyta – 30 species (42 %); Dinophyta – 18 species (26 %), Cyanophyta – 16 species (23 %), Chlorophyta – 6 species (9 %) and 1 species of Cryptophyta.

The article presents data on the content and nature of the spatial distribution of heavy metals (Co, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu) in the waters of the Agrakhanskiy Gulf.

Abstract. The article presents the productivity data, the species composition and utilization rates phytocenoses FAR depending on theintegrals of dryness and moisture climate volatility, coefficient of moisture and dynamics of harmful salts in the soil according to years and seasons of the year.

Methods.The studies were conducted on light-chestnut carbonate saline soil of Kochubey biosphere stations on the territory of the Terek- Kuma Lowland Precaspianregion in 2011–2013. The calculation of the use of FAR was conducted using the formula A.A. Nichiporovich to determine the theoretically possible yield of plants. Klimatogrammy during these years has been compiled by the method Walter. Stocks above and below ground plant matter into account by the method of A.A.Titlyanova.The names of species given by S.K. Cherepanov.

Results. According to the results of our observations, the most important for achieving high productivity ephemeral synusia under these conditions include precipitation for April and May. Between the amount of rainfall in April and May and the productivity of abovegroundphytomass ofephemera direct correlation exists, which in 2011 had a strong, and in the next two years-the average severity. In 2012 the volatility increased, KU fell in 5 times. Such weather conditions contributed to the rise of water-soluble salts to the upper soil horizons and substantial change in species composition phytocenoses. The content Cl- in the layer 0–20 cm over the same period 2011 increased in 3.9 times, SO4--- 1.7 in times. If in 2011 the stepen soil salinity in the layer 0–35 cm characterized as weak, in 2012 the average at the same chloride- sulphate type of salinity. Obviously , an increase in the content of Cl- - ions and its relationship to the S04-- contributed to a dramatic increase in productivity and thistle herbs in 2012. Luxuriant growth of Salsola iberica Sennen et Pau particularly stood.Thus, the formation of a biomass and species composition in the Terek-Kuma Lowland Precaspian is the result of the cumulative effects of different environmental factors, the main ones are: precipitation, air temperature, its relative humidity, evaporation, moisture ratio and the degree of soil salinity and chemistry. These dependencies are expressed by the following multiple regression equation. Depending on climatic conditions, the pasture use phytocoenoses 0,20–0,57 % FAR. Win ephemera and ephemeroids of this amount is an average over years of research about 20 %, the remaining 80%-grasses and thistle, the majority of which occur in Salsola iberica Sennen et Pau, bad eating animals and less valuable as fodder representative thistle. 

Main conclusion.Our results suggest that, in the context of the Terek-Kuma Lowland there are two peaks of productivity of phytocenoses: first one of ephemeras andephemeroids is in mid-May to early July, the second one of grasses and thistleis in the second half of September. The main factors to achieve high productivity ephemeras and ephemeroids on light-chestnut soil of the North- West Precaspian are about 80–85 mm rainfall during April – May, with average daily air temperature 15–16 °C, its relative humidity 70–73 %, volatility of 130–140 mm, KU 0.30, chloride-sulphate type of salinity in the layer of a low degree of 0–35 cm. In years with heavy rainfall in July and August (102 mm), despite an increase in average daily air temperature to 25–26 °C and volatility to 275mm, a relatively high KU (0.21), the content of Cl-in the layer 0–20 cm reduced 1,40 mg-ekv./100 g, ratio Cl-:SO4-- to 0,59–0,84 and productivity grasses and Salsola iberica Sennen et Pauincreased. The FAR utilization reaches 0.57, of which the biomass of grasses and Salsola iberica Sennenet Pau falls 87.6 % (2012).The task of future research is to determine its phitomeliorative role: removal of salt-forming ions from the soil and itsfurther redistribution in ecosystem, considering the nature of movement on the territory of Salsola iberica Sennen et Pau.

Abstract. Theme. Assessment of the quality of wastewater within Makhachkala by chemical parameters.

Location. Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia.

The aim of the study is to determine the chemical quality of sewage water polluting the Caspian Sea within the city of Makhachkala.

Method. Object of study is the sample of wastewater sampled 10–11 January 2012 within the city of Makhachkala. Sampling of wastewater and chemical analysis was carried out in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization. Quality test samples evaluated in terms of water pollution index and coefficient calculation integrated pollution.

Results. Using certified measurement techniques in 9 samples of wastewater identified 26 normalized parameters. Found that wastewater selected in two paragraphs refer to quality very dirty, 7 points extremely dirty; in all samples of wastewater content from 6 to 10 standardized components exceeds the MCL and the coefficient of the complex water pollution 7 samples belong to category II and contamination of sample 2 to Category III contamination.

Main conclusion. The data obtained can be considered as the primary material for further chemical monitoring the quality of wastewater into the Caspian Sea within the administrative boundaries of the city of Makhachkala.