Aim. During the 2009-13 period of time joint efforts of eco-eographical faculty of Dagestan State University and the Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan made large-scale comprehensive studies of flora and fauna of coastal and island ecosystems of the Middle Caspian. The program of the expedition involves the establishment of species diversity of animal and plant life of the population of the study area. The main purpose of this article is to establish the reasons for the high proportion of the indigenous component of the aquatic biota and causal interpretation discovered during research expeditions of the endemism among taxa of an island fauna and flora.

Methods. Expedition research covered the western and eastern coast of the Middle Caspian, and the major islands (Chechen Island, Tyleniy, Nordova, Kulaly) of this part of the sea. In faunal studies traditional methods, such as hand-picking, mowing, light traps with quartzemitters, ground traps were used. A new version of the field collecting entomological material was tested: Barber trapsin combination with LED lamps. The last only switched on at night.
Location of traps recorded by GPS-navigator. Traps Barbera functioned throughout the expedition period. Removal of the collected material was performed at intervals of 3 days. The need for a causal interpretation of the contemporary configuration of habitat in the species composition of the biota of the study area, has led us to develop a hydrodynamic GIS model of the Middle and North of the Caspian sea. To solve this problem prepared three-dimensional model of the bottom of the Middle and North of the Caspian sea in GIS "Map 2011". The base level of the Caspian
sea in this simulation adopted the mark -28 m Matrix, ensuring the functioning of the hydrodynamic GIS model based on approximately twenty thousand marks depths.

Results. According to the results of pre-processing of field data set, the General picture of the floristic (higher plants) and fauna (some groups of invertebrates) species diversity (table. 1). It should be emphasized that the biota of the Islands of the Middle Caspian, in General, consists of taxa widely distributed in the Eastern and, to a lesser extent, the Western coast. There are also species the area which goes far beyond the region of the Caspian sea. However, in table 1 preliminary faunal and floral evidence suggests that in the modern biota of the Islands of the Caspian sea found also new to science species, at present unknown in the continental part of the Caspian sea. It taxa species or subspecies rank. That said, modern faunistic or floristic status of this group of species should be considered endemic.

Main conclusions. Kind of part of the Caspian autochthonous fauna is largely because of its complex origins. A catastrophic reduction in the area of water surface of the sea takes place with a gradual decrease of its level before -39 m Middle Caspian, since the level of -39 m and -50 m retains approximately the same configuration of the water surface. The decline -100 m and even up to -150 m not accompanied by a catastrophic decline in water surface area of the Middle Caspian sea. Therefore, it should be recognized that the conservation and co-evolutionary development of the unique fauna of the Caspian sea, an important buffer role played by the Middle Caspian. Thus, a causal interpretation of the autochthonous trends and, as a consequence, a high level of endemism taxa of aquatic biota is not straightforward. A different situation with understanding and explanation of the pattern of endemism coastal and especially island taxa. Modern faunistic or floristic status of the new species should be considered endemic. In this group of species identified taxa of species and subspecies rank. The formation and evolutionary stabilization of these taxa requires a time sufficient to cause diagnostically significant features. And this is possible only with the existence in the waters of the Middle and North of the Caspian sea island sushi throughout the Holocene (even during periods of high sea level). Of course that modern configuration of habitat taxa island biota of the Middle Caspian sea due to the magnitude and time duration of transgressive-regressive cycles of the sea and the reasons that determine the direction of these events. In accordance with the nature of these cycles has been a change in the species composition and structural organization of coastal and island communities.

Aim. Complex estimation of the ecological role of shrubs in the structure-functional relationships of arid complexes of the Northwest of the Caspian lowland. Location. Coastal ecosystems of the Northwest of the Caspian lowland.

Methods. The complex of modern methods of studing soil samples for the seasonal dynamics of humidity is used, humus content ( for Tyrin ),dry salts of residue, chlorid ions (for Mour),sulfate ions of gravimetic method (arinushkina, 1971), ions of calcium and magnesium and the amount of sodium and potassium (workshop on soil science 1980),total alkali. To estimate the rate of decomposition of two methods: exposure in soil samples of filter paper and bags of hay (Wiegert and Evans, 1964; Schädler and Brandl, 2005 and atc.) Soil respiration, reflecting its respiratory potential assessed in the laboratory on volumetric respirometer according to the procedure respirometry (Klekowski, 1975). Production plants was determined by standard methods of Geobotany and Ecology of Plants (Браун, 1957; Быков, 1952, 1978; Быков, Головина, 1965; Раменский, 1966, 1971 and atc.) In the study or the animal population used a set of specific methods of quantitative and qualitative assessment of the number and diversity of species common to the sites (Бородин, Абатуров, Магомедов, 1981; Магомедов, Ахтаев, 1989 Чельцов-Бейбутов, Осадчая, 1960; Кудрин, 1971; Захаров, 1976; Постников, 1955; Тупикова, Емельянова,1975). Features of the use of these methods in detail in the literature(Кожанчиков,1961; Козлов, Нинбург, 1971;Фасулати, 1971; Мал-федьен, 1965; Walker, 1957).

Results. Seasonal shows comparative characteristics of the dynamics of physical and chemical parameters of the soil horizons, the structure of the vegetation cover and composition of the population of animals is functionally related to growing trees and shrubs – the types and gradient salinity, degree of aridity, features
of the macro- and mesorelief of territory under the Northwest Caspian lowland.

Main conclusions. In arid zones of the Northwest Caspian lowland as agent cenosoeducational process are overgrown and some specimens of tree and shrub of tamarisk and nitraria. They form a complex mosaic ecotone relief with various types of water-salt regime of soils, vegetation and structure of the animal population. Phytogenic mosaicism vegetation of cover, obligated growing here owes treelike shrubs, is an important determinant of species diversity, especially plant phenology and productivity of pastures, the over biological diversity and the structure of the animal population of arid areas of west Caspian lowland. An important regulatory inf luence on the development of processes has biogeocenotic animals and participation in a single complex with the main cenosoeducational system is thicket of shrubs. In theoretical
terms, quantitative evalution processes cenosoeducational features comprehensive environment is forming activity of animals and plants and their cenotic complexes represent an important functional characteristic of arid lands of the territory. Comprehensive, scientific substantiation, properly planned development of these paeticulary
sensitive man of semidesert systems, prediction of their changes in the short and in the long term is impossible without knowledge of the mechanisms their functioning and stability.

Aim. To work out perspective of stable fishing development in Tersko-Caspian fish industrial subregion.

Location. Tersko-Caspian subregion.

Methods. Analysis of own and literature materials according to the state of reserves and catches of the main food fish species in the region of investigation.

Results. Proposals on the main perspective directions of fish industry and also the improvement of thecnoironment of the water biological resources, permilting to increase effectiveness of their natural reproduction of fish are worked out.

Main conclusions. In the perspective the organization of sea fishery of common sprat, herrings, grey mullet and aterines in the Russian part of the Middle Caspiy will promote the creation of stable fishery and fish processing production in the region.

Aim. The aim of the given paper is to expose species structure and geographical distribution of Coleoptera, Tenebrioridae (C, T) of coastal and island ecosystem of the Caspian Sea. The given report is compiled of the matcrials, collected in different periods by authors (1961-2013) in the Caucasian part of the Caspian Sea, in the south of the European part of the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, islands (the Chechen island, the Nord island. The Tuleniyisland. The Kulaly island), collective materials (ZIN; RAS, museum of Zoology of MSU, Institute NAN of Azerbaijan, National museum of Georgia) and materials published (Kryzhanovsky, 1965, Medvedev, 1987, 1990; Medvedev, Nepesova, 1990; Shuster, 1934; Kaluzhnaya, 1982; Arzanov and others, 2004, Egorov, 2006).

Methods. We used the traditional methods of collecting (hand picking, traps soil, soil traps light amplification light traps), processing and material definition. List of species composition discussed fauna composed by modern taxonomy using directories. 

Location. Coastal and island ecosystems of the Caspian sea.

Results. Species structure and data on general and regional distribution of C,T of coastal and island ecosystems of the Caspian Sea is represented in the paper. Faund discussed is widely represented in the fauna of arid regions of land, especially in the fauna of subtropical deserts and semideserts.

Main conclusions. Results of the study will be a step in the determination of age of the islands through the biological diversity and the consequent level regime of the Caspian Sea, as well as possible changes in the population structure of darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on island ecosystems.

Aim. Ecological-faunistic investigations of island Chechen are great interest for understanding the law of formation of island biotas and reconstruction of zoogeological history of the Caspian Sea. Faunistic investigations of islands and coastal areas , habitats and others chorologic aspects illuminate the ways of their probable settlement,
explains the paradoxes of propagation of some species. Study of relationships with host plants appear the crucial stage of ecological-faunistic investigathions of the weevils.

Location. Materials of the work were expeditionary duties of the authors, as well as staff and the students of ecologo-geografical faculty of Dagistan State University and the Institute for Applied Ecology ( Makhachkala ) from 2009 to 2013 year for the island Chechen.

Methods. Charges were made with the help of light traps, soil traps, including trap, enhanced light source .Geografpical coordinates of all locations were recorded using GPS- navigator: T1 - 43°57’58” N 47°38’35” E; T2 - 43°58’17” N 47°42’55”; T3 - 43°59’08” N 47°44’39” E; T4 - 43°57’27” N 47°45’05” E; T5 - 43°58’11” N47°38’46” E.

Results. As a result of studies were set the species composition of the faun of the beetle-weevils of the island Chechen, the analyses of the distribution of species by locality; mounted forage plants of the beetles and quantitative distribution of the beetls for families forage plants; conduct the zoogeographical analysis of studied fauna.

Main conclusions. The studies on the island of Chechen were collected 187 specimens belonging to 16 species and 14 geniuse; the most common type was Coniatus splendidulus. The food base of the weevil beetles in the island of Chechen are 10 plant families,the
largest number of species focused on Chenopodiаceae, then followed Polygonaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae. Analysis of fauna habitats of the beetle- weevils of the island Chechen allowed to allocate 7 zoogeographical complexes; that the main core of the island fauna were turanian and steppe species.

Aim. Carabid species (Coleoptera, Carabidae) are listed for Tshetshen Island in the Caspian Sea, Dagestan. The study is based on examination of 32799 adult carabids belonging to 123 species from 49 genera collected in 2011-1013. One species - Sirdenus grayii (Wollaston, 1862) – is firstly recorded from the territory of
Dagestan.

Location. Materials for the work served copies for the imago carabids,collected on the Chechen island in 2011-2012 years as staff and the students of ecologo-geografical faculty of Dagistan State University and the Institute for Applied Ecology (Makhachkala) 

Methods. Charges were made with the help of light traps, soil traps, including trap, enhanced light source .Geografpical coordinates of all locations were recorded using GPS- navigator: T1 - 43°57’58” N 47°38’35” E; T2 - 43°58’17” N 47°42’55”; T3 - 43°59’08” N 47°44’39” E; T4 - 43°57’27” N 47°45’05” E; Лагерь - 43°58’11”
N47°38’46” E. 

Results. As a result of investigations indentified the species composition of the carabids of the island Chechen.

Main conclusions. Total hectares of the Chechen island collected 32799 copies of the carabids, belonging to 123 species. Sirdenus grayii (Wollaston, 1862) –for the first time actuated in Dagestan.

Aim. The study of the material collected, as well as the construction of mathematical models of specific sadstia and differences of the geographical relations of the fauna scoop coastal and island ecosystems of the North-West.

Location. Coastal and island ecosystems.

Methods. Traditional methods of collection (light traps, method of
hand collection from the screen) and also collections of the material gathered, arranged by modern systematics are used.

Results. Investigations of a lethors who studied scoops during 40 years are generalized but island ecosystems are considered for the first time. Fauna of the Caspian coast and island ecosystems is represented by 902 species. Mathematical model of peculiarities of similarity was constructed on the basis of the data obtained, and it helped to expose geographical relations of scoops fauna of coastal and island ecosystems of the Caspian Sea.

Main conclusions. The results obtained together with other insects will be the bans for the composition of fauna cadastre, and will also help to realize the age and origin of islands.

Aim The identification of the species flora of Northwest islands of the Caspian Sea.

Methods. The collection of useful material were implemented by route-forwarding method. For collect and herbarization of the
plants were used the traditional equipments necessary for fioristic studies. For identifying plants in the laboratory conditions were used by binocular MBS-2, and in the field conditions were used by magnifiers with eight-fold increase.

Results. Flora of the islands of the Northwest of the Caspian Sea counts 269 species of higher plants, belonging to 49 families and 186 geniuses: the Seals – 32 families, the Nordova – 26 families, 57 geniuses, 65 species.

Main conclusions. All the leading families of the islands are specific for Iran-Turan and Mediterranean of floristic areas. Also shared with the Central Asian deserts are families Tamaricaceae, Frankeniaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Apiaceae, Boraginaceae, and the geniuses Halocnemum, Halopeplis, Suaeda.

Aim. Investgation of conditions of hydrochemical regime formation in the north-westen part of the Middle Caspiy.

Methods. Literature date on biogenic flow of the Volga and the data of expeditionalhydrochemical observations over 1978-1987 (January, March, May, July, September, October) in the regions of Daghestan coast of the Middle Caspiy–dopatin, coastal waters of the Terek and Sulak, Makhachkala, Caspiysk, Izberbash, Derbent, coastal waters of the Samur on the skylines of Ometers and at the bottom as for period with the largest number of continuous observation have been used for the analysis.

Results. It was supposed in the paper that the content of of biogenic substances in the nerth Caspian waters depended not only upon coming with the Volga flow, but upon the other factors, regulating the modification in sea environment.

Main conclusions. Knowledge of mechanism of water object functioning in the conditions of climate change andantropogenetic burden, understanding of the reaction of water object mechanism on these changes permits to plan agricultural activity in zones of its forecasting influence more rationally.

Aim. The assessment of the ecological status of watercourses of Delta of the Volga River on the structure of benthic communities. The main objective of our researches was the assess the ecological status of watercourses of Delta of the Volga River on the basis of the analyzes of the structural-functional characteristics of benthic communities.

Location. Delta of the Volga River was the area of researches.

Methods. Processing samples of zoobenthos of the studied watercourses of Delta of the Volga River was produced according to standard techniques. (Zhadan V.I.,1960, Vinberg G.G., 1984, Abakumov V.A., 1992). Altogether were selected and processed 516 samples of zoobenthos. Species identification was done using the "Atlas of invertebrates of the Caspian Sea" (Birshtein A.Ya., 1968)
and “The determinant to freshwater invertebrates…” (Kutikova L.A., 1977). Next, based on the obtained data, we determined the abundance and biomass of species per m2 surface area of the bottom. To the assessment of the ecological status of watercourses of Delta of the Volga River by the structure of microzoobenthos we used the following indicators: number of species, abundance (N, specimens/m2), biomass (B, g/m2), percentage of principal taxonomic groups, oligogenic index of Parele (D1) (Parele E. A., 1974), biotic index of Wudiwiss in the modification of Nasibulina (B) (Nasibulina B. M., 1995), the index of species diversity of Shannon-Uiver (H, bit/copy) (Shitikov V. K., 2003).

Results. The obtained results of the assessment of the ecological status of watercourses in the Delta of the Volga River by the structure of benthic communities show that the same species having in different water bodies their different representation and structural-functional characteristics were the kernel of bottom fauna. According to the values of the modified biotic index of Wudiwiss and oligochaetae index of Parele calculated for the whole period of studies, the water quality in the Volga River (from Barbasi to water-post, Astrakhan), and the sleeves Buzan and Akhtuba was characterized as "slightly contaminated"with the dominance of β-mesosaprobic organisms. n the sleeveless Bushma, Kizan', Bakhtemir characterised as "polluted" with a predominance of β-α-mesosaprobic. The picture of the distribution of quantitative indicators of zoobenthos in the Delta of the Volga River in average perennial aspect had uneven character, with the manifestation of a clear trend to decreasing their values from the Eastern part of the Delta (the Volga River) to the West (the sleeve Bakhtemir).

Main conclusions. Thereby, on the basis of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of zoobenthos and calculated biological indices it was noted that the water quality of watercourses in the Delta of the Volga River can be characterized as "Slightly contaminated and "Polluted". In the average perennial aspect in the watercourses of Delta of the Volga River was observed uneven distribution of quantitative indicators of zoobenthos with the manifestation of a clear trend to decreasing their values from the Eastern part of the Delta to the West.

Aim. The study of the ecology of the offshore Islands of the Caspian sea.

Location. Islands in the Caspian sea. 

Methods. Applied modern biological, microbiological and chemical methods. Results. Since 2000 in the waters of most of the Islands marked increase in the primary production of phytoplankton. At the same time restoring a previous fauna-flora in them is still not observed.

Main conclusions. Ecosystem numerous Islands Absheron Baku archipelago underwent a big change that first debt had a negative impact on the natural development of the faunaflora, trophic relationships and circulation of substances as the basis for the formation of the overall biological productivity in large areas of the shelf of the Caspian sea.

Aim. To determine the toxicity of marine waters area " tuleniy ".

Location. Area " tuleniy ".

Methods. Determining the level of toxicity of marine waters area "seal" method for biological testing was conducted according to
the guidelines approved by the Ministry of natural resources (guidance on the definition of ..., 2002; Dolzhenko, 1978). Guide prepared by the Center for Russian register of hydraulic structures and the state water cadastre of the MNR of Russia jointly with specialists of the Institute Committee of Russia and the UNION of ecological problems of the Ministry of Ukraine. The basis of the proposed system of marine toxicity biotests based on the results of generalization of experimental research based on the problem of pollution of water bodies and numerous literature data, making it possible to identify features of the response of aquatic organisms of different taxonomic groups to toxic impurities of different nature and origin. Experimental studies were conducted on the culture of marine unicellular algae Phaeodactylum tricornutum on planktonic crustacea Acartia tonsa, the larvae of the chironomid Chironomus gr.
salinarius and juvenile guppies Poecillia reticulata Peters.

Results. Comparative analysis of the results of research from 2001 to 2006 showed no acute toxic effect on the test object zooplankton and phytoplanton.

Main conclusions. Throughout the study period (2001-2003, 2005-2006), you must allocate the spring of 2002, when it was recorded,
the average of the lowest five years of research, the level of toxicity of water for the analyzed area.Considering the results of biological testing of the surveyed area by periods, it should be noted that the average level of toxicity of the waters did not undergo significant changes and were on the same level, not exceeding 17,6% (table. 1). According to the classification shown in table 2, the water in the surveyed area is assessed as "non-toxic".

Aim. The aim of this research work is to assess the current trends of key indicators of the health of adolescent and child population of the Republic of Dagestan. This study was conducted with the use of modern epidemiologi-statistical methods of analysis of medico-geographical data, therefore, the reliability and the level of expected results is not in doubt. Location. The Republic of Dagestan.

Methods. The main methods of the research was current
and retrospective analysis of indicators of regional health mapping method, mathematical and cartographic modeling, methods of medico-geographical analysis. Using mathematical modeling, forecasting and GIS technology built models for further development of medico-ecological systems.

Results. A comprehensive health assessment of children and adolescents, allowed us to identify the priority classes of diseases, to carry out territorial differentiation in the level of health, to establish areas with adverse health and geographical setting. The structure of the environmentally sensitive morbidity of children and adolescents in the Republic is dominated by diseases of the respiratory system and the digestive system. As a result of the research showed a clearer distribution of high average annual growth rate of cancer development in children to anthropogenically disturbed urbanized areas (10.9 %). Projected average annual growth rate for infants of rural population will amount to 3.5 %, urban: 4.6 %.

Main conclusions. The obtained results can be used in the development of program activities and strategies for socio-economic development, environmental monitoring environment, the health system of the Republic of Dagestan. The results of the study
will help to develop evidence-based recommendations for the prevention of environmental-related diseases relevant to the areas of the Republic of Dagestan, which can be used by institutions of the Ministry of health of the Republic for the screening of the health status of the child population

Aim . Studied the fauna of the soil mites of coastal and island ecosystems of the North-Western part of the Caspian sea (Bryansk spit, Strategiczne, Islands seal, Chechen and Nordby). Found 49 species and 39 genera and subgenera, and 24 families. Species composition of oribatidmite of theNorth-western part of the Caspian Sea remains not completely studied. The aim of the work was to study the species composition of oribatidmite ecosystems of the North-Western part of the Caspian Sea. Location. Coastal ecosystems north-western part of the Caspian Sea.

Methods. The selection of soil samples in different habitats and MicroStation is the basis for studying the biodiversity and abundance of soil microarthropod. To extract small soil organisms method was used electoral forcing, which is based on the use of negative phototaxis soil organisms. When the definition of oribatid mites used the microscope MBI-6, Olympus CH-20.

Results. As a result of studies 41 species of oribatidmites, 9 of which – new forthe fauna of the Caucasus, 17 species – new for the fauna of Dagestan, one species – new to science were identified. There sults can be used to compile regionallists, inventories and will be included in the list of directories oribatidmite of Caucasus.

Main conclusions. There sults showed that for both are as of studies - 9 species, exclusively in coastal ecosystems of Bryansks pit 24 species, found only in ecosystems Staroterechnogo 9 species are common.