Legal and Economic Basis of Western Sanctions and their Impact on Food Security and Russian National Independence

Aim. Develop an algorithm to diagnose the consequences of Western sanctions on Russian agricultural development, considering state priorities for independence and import substitution. The need stems from agriculture's localization and the imperative to ensure food security/national independence via domestic resources or trade.

Utilized statistical databases on agriculture in Russian regions. Employed statistical analysis, indicative planning, security diagnostics, and algorithmbased modeling.

The outcomes include legal identification of the nature and expected goals of Western sanctions in the sphere of food security and national independence; a methodology for assessing sanctions' impact on agricultural activity and its independence; proposals to improve planning for regional independence from sanctions' negative effects within national food market.

Presents the results of developing a methodology for assessing the impact of sanctions on the development of Russian agriculture, based on the function of food independence for meta‐group food products (Russian Food Security Doctrine). An original system of indicators for diagnosing the level of agricultural dependence/independence on sanctions was proposed, spanning from micro to macro levels. Testing the original methodology for assessing the sanctions impact on agricultural development yielded evaluation results at both regional and national levels, covering individual meta‐group food products and their aggregate.

1. Lyon T.P., Montgomery A.W. The Means and End of Greenwash. Organization & Environment, 2015, vol. 28(2), pp. 223–249.DOI: 10.1177/1086026615575332

2. Clapp J., Dauvergne P.Paths to a Green World: The Political Economy of the Global Environment". MIT Press. 2011. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/5265.001.0001

3. Fuchs D., Kalfagianni A.The Causes and Consequences of Private Food Governance. Business and Politics, 2010, vol. 12(3). https://doi.org/10.2202/1469‐3569.1319

4. Levy D.L., Egan D.A Neo‐Gramscian Approach to Corporate Political Strategy: Conflict and Accommodation in the Climate Change Negotiations. Journal of Management Studies, 2003, vol. 40(4),pp. 803–829. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467‐6486.00361

5. Banerjee S.B. Corporate Social Responsibility: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. Critical Sociology, 2008, vol. 34(1), pp. 51–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920507084623

6. Porter M.E., van der Linde C. Toward a New Conception of the Environment‐Competitiveness Relationship. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1995, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 97–118.

7. Bergenas J., Knight A. Green Terror: Environmental Crime and Illicit Financing. SAIS Review of International AffairsJohns Hopkins University Press., 2015, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 119–131. https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.2015.0004

8. Leonard M., Pisani‐Ferry J., Shapiro D., Tagliapietra S., Wolf G. Geopolitika «Zelenoj sdelki» Evropejskogo soyuza [Geopolitics of the European Union's Green Deal]. Bulletin of International Organizations, 2021, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 204–235. (In Russian) DOI: 10.17323/1996‐7845‐2021‐02‐10

9. Our World In Data, Climate Watch, the World Resources. Available at: https://ourworldindata.org/ghg‐emissions‐by‐sector (accessed 22.05.2025)

10. Gorbunova A.O., Shcheglov V.Yu. The Impact of Sanctions on Russia's Food Security. Ekonomicheskiye otnosheniya, 2018, vol. 8. no. 3, pp. 381–388. (In Russian) http://dx.doi.org/10.18334/eo.9.3.41004

11. Bartenev V.I. The Impact of Sanctions Pressure on Food Security: Traditional and New Dimensions. Puti k miru i bezopasnosti, 2022, no. 2, pp. 11–37. (In Russian). DOI: 10.20542/2307‐1494‐2022‐2‐11‐37

12. Perekhodov P.P. Food Security of the Country in the Context of Sanctions Pressure and Geopolitical Instability. Bulletin of the Volgograd State University. Economics, 2023, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 55–64. (In Russian) https://doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2023.4.5

13. Lyasnikov N.V. Threats to food security of the Russian Federation in the context of a new round of sanctions tension. Food policy and security, 2023, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 393–408. (In Russian) https://doi.org/10.18334/ppib.10.3.118331

14. Timofeeva G.V., Buletova N.E., Skachkova S.A. Development of the potential of Russia's agriculture in the context of Western sanctions and priorities of food independence. Bulletin of the Volgograd State University. Economics, 2024, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 97–109. (In Russian) https://doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2024.3.8

15. Sinichenko O.A. The Impact of Sanctions Policy on the State of the Russian Banking Sector. Bulletin of the Saratov University. New Series. Series: Economics. Management. La, 2024, vol. 24, iss. 1, pp. 11–20. (In Russian) https://doi.org/10.18500/1994‐25402024‐24‐1‐11‐20

16. Zhiryaeva E.V., Svetlov N.M. The Effect of Sanctions on Russian Agricultural Imports. St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies, 2020, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 653–674. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2020.405

17. Mirabyan D.G. Assessing the Impact of Sanctions on the Development of the Kaluga Region and Ways to Overcome this Impact. Kaluga Economic Bulletin, 2023, no. 3, pp. 11–14. (In Russian)

18. Tian Sh. The Impact of Western Sanctions on the Economic Development of the Republic of Belarus: Current Trends. Theories and Problems of Political Research, 2023, vol. 12, no. 5a‐6a, p. 32‐42. (In Russian) https://doi.org/10.34670/AR.2023.47.17.006

19. Glinskaya M.V., Polezhaev M.A. Vliyaniye zapadnykh sanktsiy na dinamiku ekonomicheskogo razvitiya: opyt Irana dlya Rossiyskoy Federatsii [The Impact of Western Sanctions on the Dynamics of Economic Development: Iran's Experience for the Russian Federation]. Russia and Asia, 2024, no. 1 (27), pp. 16–30. (In Russian)

20. Bolotova A.B. Anti‐foreign Sanctions Law of the PRC in the Context of US Unilateral Economic Sanctions. Eurasian Law Journal, 2023, no. 12 (187), pp. 48–51. https://doi.org/10.46320/2073‐4506‐2023‐12‐187‐48‐51