FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF SHRUB COMMUNITIES IN THE FORMATION OF MOSAIC ECOTONE COMMUNITIES OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEM OF NORTHWEST OF THE CASPIAN LOWLAND

Aim. Complex estimation of the ecological role of shrubs in the structure-functional relationships of arid complexes of the Northwest of the Caspian lowland. Location. Coastal ecosystems of the Northwest of the Caspian lowland.

Methods. The complex of modern methods of studing soil samples for the seasonal dynamics of humidity is used, humus content ( for Tyrin ),dry salts of residue, chlorid ions (for Mour),sulfate ions of gravimetic method (arinushkina, 1971), ions of calcium and magnesium and the amount of sodium and potassium (workshop on soil science 1980),total alkali. To estimate the rate of decomposition of two methods: exposure in soil samples of filter paper and bags of hay (Wiegert and Evans, 1964; Schädler and Brandl, 2005 and atc.) Soil respiration, reflecting its respiratory potential assessed in the laboratory on volumetric respirometer according to the procedure respirometry (Klekowski, 1975). Production plants was determined by standard methods of Geobotany and Ecology of Plants (Браун, 1957; Быков, 1952, 1978; Быков, Головина, 1965; Раменский, 1966, 1971 and atc.) In the study or the animal population used a set of specific methods of quantitative and qualitative assessment of the number and diversity of species common to the sites (Бородин, Абатуров, Магомедов, 1981; Магомедов, Ахтаев, 1989 Чельцов-Бейбутов, Осадчая, 1960; Кудрин, 1971; Захаров, 1976; Постников, 1955; Тупикова, Емельянова,1975). Features of the use of these methods in detail in the literature(Кожанчиков,1961; Козлов, Нинбург, 1971;Фасулати, 1971; Мал-федьен, 1965; Walker, 1957).

Results. Seasonal shows comparative characteristics of the dynamics of physical and chemical parameters of the soil horizons, the structure of the vegetation cover and composition of the population of animals is functionally related to growing trees and shrubs – the types and gradient salinity, degree of aridity, features
of the macro- and mesorelief of territory under the Northwest Caspian lowland.

Main conclusions. In arid zones of the Northwest Caspian lowland as agent cenosoeducational process are overgrown and some specimens of tree and shrub of tamarisk and nitraria. They form a complex mosaic ecotone relief with various types of water-salt regime of soils, vegetation and structure of the animal population. Phytogenic mosaicism vegetation of cover, obligated growing here owes treelike shrubs, is an important determinant of species diversity, especially plant phenology and productivity of pastures, the over biological diversity and the structure of the animal population of arid areas of west Caspian lowland. An important regulatory inf luence on the development of processes has biogeocenotic animals and participation in a single complex with the main cenosoeducational system is thicket of shrubs. In theoretical
terms, quantitative evalution processes cenosoeducational features comprehensive environment is forming activity of animals and plants and their cenotic complexes represent an important functional characteristic of arid lands of the territory. Comprehensive, scientific substantiation, properly planned development of these paeticulary
sensitive man of semidesert systems, prediction of their changes in the short and in the long term is impossible without knowledge of the mechanisms their functioning and stability.

1. Abaturov B.D. Rol' zhivotnyh-zemleroev v peremeshhenii himicheskih veshhestv v pochve [The role of burrowing animals in the movement of chemicals in soil]/ V Kn.: Problemy biocenologii. M.: Nauka, 1973. S. 5- 11.

2. Abaturov B.D. Mlekopitajushhie kak komponent jekosistem [Mammals as a component of ecosystems]. M.: Nauka. 1984 a. 285 s.

3. Abaturov B.D. Biogeocenoticheskij jeffekt zhiznedejatel'nosti rastitel'nojadnyh mlekopitajushhih v suhih stepjah i polupustyne [Biogeocenotical effect livelihoods herbivorous mammals in the dry steppes and semi-desert]. Chtenija pamjati akademika V.N.Sukacheva II Obmennye processy v biogeocenozah. M.: Nauka. 1984b. S. 32-56.

4. Abaturov B.D., Zubkova L.V. Vlijanie malyh suslikov (Citellus pegmaeus Pall.) na vodno-fizicheskie svojstva pochv polupustyni Zavolzh'ja [The effect of small ground squirrel (Citellus pegmaeus Pall.) On the water-physical properties of soils semi Zavolzhja]. Pochvovedenie. 1969. № 10. S. 59-69.

5. Abaturov B.D., Zubkova L.V. Rol' malyh suslikov (Citellus pegmaeus Pall.) v formirovanii zapadinnogo mikrorel'efa i pochv v Severnom Prikaspii [The role of small ground squirrel (Citellus pegmaeus Pall.) In the formation of sinkholes and soil microrelief in the North Caspian]. Pochvovedenie, 1972. № 5. S. 59-67.

6. Arinushkina E.V. Rukovodstvo po himicheskomu analizu pochv [Guidance on chemical analysis of soils]. M.: MGO.1971. 487s.

7. Balamirzoev M.A., Mirzoev Je.M.-R., Adzhiev A.M., Mufaradzhev K.G. Pochvy Dagestana. Jekologicheskie aspekty ih racional'nogo ispol'zovanija [Soils Dagestan. Environmental aspects of their management] Mahachkala: GU «Dagestanskoe knizhnoe izdatel'stvo», 2008. 336 s.

8. Borodin A.L., Abaturov B.D., Magomedov M-R.D. Optimizacija ucheta malogo suslika [Optimization of accounting small gopher]. Zool.zh. 1981. t.60. V.10. S. 1565-1573

9. Braun D. Metody issledovanija i ucheta rastitel'nosti [Methods of investigation and consideration of vegetation]. M.: Inostr. lit-ra. 1957. 315 s.

10. Bykov B.A. Iz praktiki geobotanicheskih rabot v Prikaspii[From the practice of geo-botanical works in the Caspian]. Bjull. MOIP. Otd.biol. 1952. T. 57. V.5. S.47-50.

11. Bykov B.A. Geobotanika [Geobotany]. A-A.: Nauka. 1978. 287 s.

12. Bykov B.A., Golovina A.G. K metodike opredelenija produktivnosti pustynnyh polukustarnichkovyh pastbishh [Methods of determining the productivity of desert pastures subshrub]. Bot.zhurn. 1965. T.50. V.1. S.85-89.

13. Dmitriev P.P. O svjazi nekotoryh kustarnikov stepej Mongolii s poselenijami mlekopitajushhih. [On the connection of certain shrubs steppes of Mongolia with populations of mammals]. Zhurn.obshh.biol. 1985. T.46. V.5. S.661-669.

14. Zaletaev V.S. Zhizn' v pustyne [Life in the desert]. M.: Mysl'. 1976. 269 s.

15. Zaharov A.A. Ispol'zovanie metoda ischerpyvajushhih vyborok pri uchete murav'ev [Using the method of exhaustive sampling, taking into account the ants]. Pedobiologia. 1976. Bd.16. S.418-424.

16. Ivanova E.N., Fridland V.M. Pochvennye kompleksy suhih stepej i ih jevoljucija [Soil complexes of dry steppes and their evolution]. V Kn.: Voprosy uluchshenija kormovoj bazy v stepnoj. Polupustynnoj i pustynnoj zonah SSSR. M.-L.: Izd-vo AN SSSR. 1954. S. 162-190.

17. Kiseleva N.K. Jevoljucija biogeocenozov Prikaspija v golocene [Evolution biogeocoenoses Caspian Holocene]. M.: Nauka. 1982. 137 s.

18. Kozhanchikov I.V. 1961. Metody issledovanija jekologii nasekomyh [Methods for studying the ecology of insects] M.: Vysshaja shkola. 286 s.

19. Kozlov M.A., Ninburg E.M. Vasha kollekcija [Your collection]. M.: 1971. Prosveshhenie. 160 s.

20. Kudrin A.I. Ob usovershenstvovanii uchetov chislennosti sposobom ischerpyvanija pri pomoshhi lovushek [On the improvement of the method of exhaustion censuses using traps]. Zool.zh. 1971. T.50. V. 9. S. 1388-1400.

21. Lavrenko E.M. O mozaichnosti stepnyh rastitel'nyh associacij, svjazannoj s rabotoj vetra i zhiznedejatel'nost'ju karagan [About mosaic steppe plant associations related to the work of wind and activity Karagan]. Voprosy geografii: Tr. in-ta geogr. M., Geografgiz. 1951.V. 24. S.192-204.

22. Lavrenko E.M. Mikrokompleksnost' i mikromozaichnost' rastitel'nogo pokrova kak rezul'tat zhiznedejatel'nosti zhivotnyh i rastenij [Microcomplexity mikromozaichnost and vegetation cover as a result of animal and plant]. Tr.Botan.in-ta AN SSSR. Ser. 3. Geobotanika. 1952. V.8. S.40-70.

23. Lavrenko E.M., Junnatov A.A. Zalezhnyj rezhim v stepjah kak rezul'tat vozdejstvija polevki Branta na stepnoj travostoj i pochvu [Fallow regime in the steppes as feedback voles Brant on the steppe soil and herbage]. Boton. zh. 1952. T. 37. S. 128-139.

24. Magomedov M-R.D., Ahtaev M-H.M. Ocenka absoljutnoj plotnosti naselenija grebenshhikovoj peschanki [Evaluation of absolute population density Tamarisk gerbil]. Tez.dokl. «Vses.soveshh. probleme Kadastra i ucheta zhivotnogo mira». Ufa. 1989. Ch.1. S. 364 -365.

25. Makfed'en Je. 1965. Jekologija zhivotnyh [Ecology of animals]. Celi i metody. M.: Mir. 375 s.

26. Nechaeva N.T., Prihod'ko S.Ja. Perspektivy uluchshenija pustynnyh pastbishh putem poseva chogona [Prospects for improvement of desert pastures by seeding Aellenia]. Izv. AN TSSR. 1953. N 6. S.72-84.

27. Nechaeva N.T. Vlijanie sostava zhiznennyh form na urozhajnost' pustynnyh pastbish [Influence of the composition of life forms on the yield of desert pastures]. Pastbishha i senokosy SSSR. M.: Kolos. 1974. S.111-123.

28. Olovjannikova I.N. Vlijanie lesnyh kolkov na solonchakovye soloncy [Influence of forest groves on saline solonetses]. M.: Nauka. 1976. 126 s.

29. Olovjannikova I.N., Sizemskaja M.L. Vlijanie iskusstvennogo mikrorel'efa na izmenenie rastitel'nogo pokrova i svojstv solonchakovyh soloncov [Influence of microrelief on artificial land cover change and the properties of saline solonetzes]. Povyshenie produktivnosti polupustynnyh zemel' Severnogo Prikaspija. M.: Nauka. 1989. S. 69-92.

30. Praktikum po pochvovedeniju [Workshop on Soil]. M.: Kolos. 1980. 271 s.

31. Postnikov G.V. Uluchshenie metodiki ucheta chislennosti grebenshhikovyh i poludennyh peschanok v praktike bor'by s nimi. [Improved methodology for counting Grebenshikov and midday gerbils in the practice of dealing with them]. Gryzuny i bor'ba s nimi/. Saratov. Mikrob. 1955. V.4. S.225-241.

32. Ramenskij L.G. Prjamye i kombinirovannye metody kolichestvennogo ucheta rastitel'nogo pokrova [Direct and combined methods of quantifying vegetation cover]. Estestvennye kormovye ugod'ja SSSR. M.: Nauka. 1966. V. 27. S.17-45.

33. Ramenskij L.G. Izbrannye raboty. Problemy i metody izuchenija rastitel'nogo pokrova [Selected works. Problems and methods of the study of vegetation]. L.: Nauka. 1971. 334 s.

34. Rode A.A. Vodnyj rezhim i balans celinnyh pochv polupustynnogo kompleksa [Water regime and balance virgin soils semidesert complex]. V kn.: Vodnyj rezhim pochv polupustyni. M.: Izd-vo AN SSSR. 1963.S. 5- 83.

35. Rotshil'd E.V. Azotoljubivaja rastitel'nost' pustyni i zhivotnye [Azotolyubivaya desert vegetation and animals]. M.: MGU. 1968. 205 s.

36. Sapanov M.K. Vlijanie lesnyh nasazhdenij na rezhim i mineralizaciju gruntovyh vod v polupustyne Severnogo Prikaspija [Effect of forest plantations on the regime and salinity of groundwater in the semi-desert of the Northern Caspian]. Lesovedenie. 1990. № 3 . S. 62-67.

37. Sapanov M.K. Jekologija lesnyh nasazhdenij v aridnyh regionah [Ecology of forest plantations in arid regions]. Tula: Grif i K. 2003. 248 s.

38. Tupikova N.V., Emel'janova L.E. K metodike ucheta lemmingov na ne ogorozhennyh ploshhadkah [By the method of accounting on lemmings not fenced grounds]. Bjull. MOIP. Otd.biol. 1975. T.80. V.1. S. 65-75.

39. Fasulati K.K. Polevoe izuchenie nazemnyh bespozvonochnyh [A field study of terrestrial invertebrates]. M.: Vysshaja shkola. 1971.424 s.

40. Chel'cov-Bejbutov A.M., Osadchaja N.P. Uchety-otlovy i mechenie tushkanchikov [Counts-trapping and tagging gerbils]. V kn. Fauna i jekologija gryzunov. M.: MGU. 1960. V.6. S. 155 -164.

41. Klekowski R.Z. Cartesian diver microrespirometry for terrestrial animals. In: Grodzinski W., Klekowski R.Z., Duncan A. (ed.). Methods for ecological bioenergetics. Oxford: Blackwell Sci.Publ. 1975. P. 201-211.

42. Schädler M., Brandl R. Do invertebrate decomposers affect the disappearance rate of litter mixtures? Soil Biol. Biochem. 2005. V. 37. P. 329–337.

43. Walker T.J. Ecological studies of the Arthropods associated with certain decaying materials in four habitats Ecology/1957. V.38. P. 262-276.

44. Wiegert R. G., Evans F. C. Primary production and the disappearance of dead vegetation on a field in south-eastern Michigan. Ecology. 1964. V. 45. P. 49–63.