SARS‐CoV‐2: особенности распространения вируса и течение патогенеза коронавирусной инфекции у различных видов животных

Цель. Проанализировать имеющиеся литературные данные о возможности заражения коронавирусной инфекцией и тяжести протекания заболевания у различных видов животных с целью оценки значимости данного заболевания в контексте сохранения благополучия диких, домашних и сельскохозяйственных животных.

Обсуждение. Согласно литературным данным, SARS‐CoV‐2 произошел от коронавирусов летучих мышей. Вирус проникает в клетку посредством связывания с рецептором ACE2, аффинитет к которому отличается в зависимости от вида животного. У зараженных животных обнаруживается вирусная РНК и могут наблюдаться клинические симптомы. Известно, что вирус произошел от одних животных, а другие могут являться переносчиками. Причем, это могут быть как дикие, так и домашние и сельскохозяйственные животные, которые близко контактируют с человеком. Поэтому целесообразно провести исследование степени угрозы для людей, связанной с персистенцией вируса в животных сообществах.

Заключение. Имеется достаточное количество литературных данных, подтверждающих возможность инфицирования различных видов млекопитающих, однако их недостаточно для полного понимания того, насколько существенную роль могут играть те или иные животные в распространении коронавирусной инфекции среди людей и насколько серьезный вред для них самих она может нанести.

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