ASSESSMENT OF BIODIVERSITY OF CARABID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) OF THE TSHETSHEN ISLAND IN THE СASPIAN SEA

Aim, material. Biodiversity of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) is studied for the Tshetshen Island in the Caspean Sea based on examination of 32799 adults belonging to 123 species collected during two seasons.

Results. Five collecting sites on the Tshetshen Island were sampled and compared with data from the Nordovyi and Tiulenyi islands as well as from coastal areas of Dagestan. Carabid species composition of the Tshetshen Island differs in having a higher fraction of desert taxa. In this respect, it resembles more that of the Middle Asia and Kalmykia. Some species, common in the mainland, are not found on the island. Rank-abundance distributions, biodiversity indices and effective numbers of species were used to quantitify differences among collecting sites. In most cases, the data obtained fit the best to the Zipf-Mandelbrot distribution. Numbers of carabid species in sites ranged from 45 to 89. Despite of variation, the richness indices are shown to be significantly lower for the Tshetshen Island. This conclusion was confirmed using rarefaction curves. Decomposition of γ-diversity into its α- and β- components in terms of effective numbers of species has shown that α-diversity of carabids in mainland areas exceeds that of the Tshetshen Island only marginally while β-diversity is significantly higher. Cluster analysys of distance matrices has shown that the carabid assemblages of the Tshetshen Island are the most poor and specific, those from the coastal areas – the most species-rich while those of the Tiulenyi and Nordovyi islands are intermediate.

Conclusion. Carabid assemblages of each island in the Caspian Sea may be considered as a rather randomly impoverished subset from the regional species pool of the Middle Asia and Caspian lowland.

1. Abdurakhmanov G.M. Sostav i raspredelenie zhestkokrylykh vostochnoi chasti Bolshogo Kavkaza [The composition and origin of the beetle fauna of the eastern part of the Caucasus Major]. Makhachkala, Dagestan Book Publ., 1981. 270 p. (In Russian)

2. Abdurakhmanov G.M. Vostochnyi Kavkaz glazami entomologa [The Eastern Caucasus through the eyes of an entomologist]. Makhachkala, Dagestan Book Publ., 1988. 136 p. (In Russian)

3. Ilyina E.V. Carabid beetle population (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the Bogos Mountain Range in Western Dagestan. Entomologicheskoye obozrenie [Entomological Review]. 1995, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 764-779. (In Russian)

4. Ilyina E.V. Materialy k faune zhukov Dagestana. Chast I. Zhuzhelitsy (Carabidae) [Materials to the fauna of beetles (Coleoptera) of Dagestan. Part I. Carabidae]. Makhachkala. 1999. 45 p. (In Russian)

5. Saipullaeva B.N. Results of the study the fauna and ecology of ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the hollow Irganayskaya in Dagestan. South of Russia: ecology, development, 2011, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 151-159. (In Russian) DOI:10.18470/1992-1098-2011-4-151-159

6. Abdurakhmanov G.M. Sravnitelnyi analiz vidovogo sostava zhuzhelits (Coleoptera, Carabidae) pribrezhnykh i ostrovnykh ekosistem Zapadnogo Prikaspiya [Comparative analysis of species composition of the ground-beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the coastal and island ecosystems of the Western Caspian]. Materialy XIV syezda Russkogo entomologicheskogo obstchestva, Sankt-Peterburg, 27 avgusta – 1 sentyabrya 2012 [XIV Congress of the Russian Entomological Society, Saint-Petersburg, August 27 – September 1, 2012]. Saint-Petersburg, 2012, 7 p. (In Russian)

7. Abdurakhmanov G.M. The species composition and arealogic analisys of littoral ecosystems of the Western Caspian Sea. In: A naposledok ya skazhu [And finally I will tell]. Makhachkala, 2012, pp. 317-411. (In Russian)

8. Abdurakhmanov G.M., Ortobaeva L.M., Gasanova L.Sh. K zoogeograficheskomu status TerekKumskoy kotloviny i prilegayustshikh ostrovov Tshetshen, Tyuleniy i barkhana Sarykum [To the zoogeographical state of the Terek-Kuma Hollow and adjacent islands Tshetshen, Tyulenyi and the Sarykum Sand Dune]. Materialy nauchnoi sessii entomologov Dagestana [Material of the scientific session of the entomologists of Dagestan]. Makhachkala, 1988, pp. 26-28. (In Russian)

9. Magomedova S.T. Itogi izucheniya zhuzhelits podroda Peryphus Dejean roda Bembidion Latr. (Coleoptera, Carabidae) pribrezhnykh i ostrovnykh ekosistem Zapadnogo Prikaspiya [Results of the study of ground-beetle of the subgenus Peryphus Dejean of the genus Bembidion Latr. (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of coastal and island ecosystems of the Western Caspian]. Materialy XIV syezda Russkogo entomologicheskogo obstchestva, Sankt-Peterburg, 27 avgusta – 1 sentyabrya 2012 [XIV Congress of the Russian Entomological Society, Saint-Petersburg, August 27 – September 1, 2012]. Saint-Petersburg, 2012, 265 p. (In Russian)

10. Abdurakhmanov G.M., Nakhibasheva G.M., Klicheva S.M., Eldarkhanova Z.M. A comparative analysis of species composition of ground beetles of coastal and island ecosystems of the Western Caspian. South of Russia: ecology, development. 2011, vol. 6, no. 4. pp. 51-71. (In Russian) DOI:10.18470/1992-1098-2011-4-51-71

11. Belousov I.A., Kabak I.I. Experience of use of database systems in ecological studies exemplified for ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Informatsionnyi byulleten’ MOBB [Information Bulletin MOBB]. 2007, vol. 38, pp. 26-31. (In Russian)

12. Belousov I.A., Kabak I.I. Opyt ispolzovaniya baz dannykh v taksonomiheskikh i ekologicheskikh issledovaniyakh na primere izucheniya Zhukovzhuzhelits (Coleoptera, Carabidae) [Experience of use of database systems in taxonomic and ecological studies exemplified for ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae)]. Materialy XIV syezda Russkogo entomologicheskogo obstchestva, Sankt-Peterburg, 27 avgusta – 1 sentyabrya 2012 [XIV Congress of the Russian Entomological Society, Saint-Petersburg, August 27 – September 1, 2012]. Saint-Petersburg, 2012, 51 p.

13. Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (I. Löbl, A. Smetana eds.). Vol. 1: Archostemata – Myxophaga – Adephaga. Stenstup: Apollo Books. 2003. 819 p.

14. Kryzhanovskij O.L., Belousov I.A., Kabak I.I., Kataev B.M., Makarov K.V., Shilenkov V.G. A checklist of the ground-beetles of Russia and adjacent lands (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae). Sofia, Moscow, Pensoft, Series faunistica. no. 3. 1995. 271 p.

15. Belousov I.A., Kabak I.I., Nakhibasheva G.M., Mukhtarova G.M., Rabadanov M. Carabid beetles fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the Tshetshen island in the Caspian sea. South of Russia: ecology, development. 2014, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 93-98. DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2014-3-93-98 (In Russian)

16. Fedorenko D. Reclassification of world Dyschiriini, with a revision of the Palaearctic fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Sofia, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Pensoft Publishers. 1996. 224 p.

17. Belousov I.A., Kabak I.I., Abdurakhmanov G.M., Nakhibasheva G.M. To the knowledge of poorly known carabids (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the Caspian Lowland. South of Russia: ecology, development. 2013, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 53-57. DOI: 10.18470/1992-1098-2013-1-53-57

18. Kataev B.M. New and little-known species of ground beetles of the genus Harpalus from Palaearctic Asia (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Zoosystematica Rossica. 1993, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 121-136.

19. Kaljuzhnaya N.C., Komarov E.V., Cherezova L.B. Zhestkokrylye nasekomye (Insecta, Coleoptera) Nizhnego Povolzhya [Beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera) of the Low Volga Region]. Volgograd, Regional Center of studying and conservation of biodiversity. 2000. 204 p. (In Russian)

20. Kataev B.M., Wrase D.W., Ito N. Harpalina. In: Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (I. Löbl, A. Smetana eds). Vol. 1. Archostemata – Myxophaga – Adephaga. Stenstup, Apollo Books. 2003. P. 367-397.

21. Kabak I.I., Kadyrbekov R.Kh., Kolov S.V. Materials on the distribution of some ground-beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Southern and South-Eastern Kazakhstan. Selevinia, 2012, vol. 20, pp. 164-166. (In Russian)

22. Nakhibasheva G. M., Belousov I.A., Kabak I.I., Abdurakhmanov G.M. Materialy po rasprostraneniyu nekotorykh vidov zhuzhelits (Coleoptera, Carabidae) v Dagestane [New data on the distribution of some ground-beetles in Dagestan (Coleoptera, Carabidae)]. Materialy XIV syezda Russkogo entomologicheskogo obstchestva, Sankt-Peterburg, 27 avgusta – 1 sentyabrya 2012 [XIV Congress of the Russian Entomological Society, Saint-Petersburg, August 27 – September 1, 2012]. Saint-Petersburg, 2012, 305 p.

23. Magurran A.E. Measuring biological diversity. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 2004. 256p.

24. Furnas B.J., Barrett R.H. Comparisons of intermediately ranked species in avian rank-abundance distributions from four California forests. California Fish and Game. 2014. Vol. 100, no. 3. pp. 356–370.

25. Pesenko Yu.A. Printsipy i metody kolichestvennogo analiza v faunisticheskikh issledovaniakh [Principles and methods of quantitative analyses in the faunistic investigations]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 287 p. (In Russian)

26. Lebedeva N.V., Drozdov N.N., Krivolutzkyi D.A. Bioraznoobrazie i metody ego otsenki [Biodiversity and methods of its evaluation]. Moscow, Moscow State University Publ., 1999. 94 p. (In Russian)

27. Shitikov V.K., Rosenberg G.S. Assessment of biodiversity: an attemtp of the formal generalization. In: Kolichestvennye metody ekologii i gidrobiologii (sbornik nauchnykh trudov, posvyastshionnyi pamyati A.I. Bakanova) [Quantitative methods in ecology and hydrobiology (collection of research papers dedicated to the memory of I.A. Bakanov)]. Togliatti, Samara Scientific Center of RAS Publ., 2005, pp. 91-129. (In Russian)

28. Belousov I.A., Kabak I.I., Nakhibasheva, Mukhtarova G.M. The assessment of biodiversity of carabid beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in the Eastern Caucasus based on species richness indices with use of the dtabase system. Nauchnyi zhurnal KubGAU [Scientific Journal of KubSAU]. 2012, no. 83(09), pp. 1-25. (In Russian)

29. Shitikov V.K., Zinchenko T.D., Rosenberg G.S. Makroekologiya rechnykh soobstshestv: kontseptsii, metody, modeli [Macroecology of river communities: сonceptions, methods, models]. Togliatti, Kassandra Publ., 2011. 255 p. (In Russian)

30. Jost L. Entropy and diversity. Oikos, 2006, no. 113, pp. 363-375.

31. Sanders H. Marine benthic diversity: a comparative study. American Naturalist, 1968, no. 102(925), pp. 243-283.

32. Jost L. Partitioning diversity into independent alpha and beta components. Ecology, 2007, vol. 88, pp. 2427-2439.

33. Hill M.O. Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology, 1973, vol. 54, pp. 427-432.

34. Jost L. Independence of alpha and beta diversities. Ecology, 2010, vol. 91, pp. 1969-1974.

35. Hammer Ø., Harper D.A.T., Ryan P.D. PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 2001, vol. 4, pp. 1-9.