ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ВИРУСА ГРИППА ТИПА А

Цель. Рассмотреть механизмы изменчивости вируса гриппа.

Обсуждение. Грипп представляет собой одну из наиболее значимых проблем, стоящих перед современной системой здравоохранения. Характер заболеваемости гриппом обусловливает ряд проблем социального и экономического характера: смертность в группах риска, резкое повышение нагрузки на персонал учреждений системы здравоохранения и снижение трудовых ресурсов. Особенности генома вируса гриппа позволяют этому патогену ежегодно вызывать сезонные эпидемии, несмотря на профилактические мероприятия (вакцинация) и наличие специфических лекарственных препаратов.

Заключение. Изменчивость генома вируса гриппа обеспечивается антигенным дрейфом, антигенным шифтом и рекомбинацией. Эти механизмы позволяют вирусу на протяжении долгого времени оставаться высоко-контагиозным инфекционным агентом, способным поражать большое количество видов-хозяев и наносить значительный вред в результате эпидемий и пандемий.

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