Justification of the basin approach for implementing measures for environmental optimization of landscapes using the example of municipalities in the Orenburg region of Russia

The aim of this study was the justification of measures for ecological optimisation of landscapes: a case study of Pervomaisky and Svetlinsky districts of Orenburg region using the basin concept.

River and lake-river basins, which largely coincide with the boundaries of municipal entities, are considered as unified natural-economic systems with interconnected components. Within the framework of the study of the current land-use structure, a comprehensive analysis was conducted of official statistical data reflecting the distribution of land resources by categories and types of permitted use.

The physical-geographical characterization of two municipal districts in Orenburg region was carried out, with a focus on morphometric parameters of river and lake basins. The analysis of land fund distribution in the compared districts revealed both significant similarities in land use and considerable structural differences, which indicate specific features of their cadastral registration and economic development. This enabled the identification of issues in natural resource management.

The basin-based approach to planning ecological optimisation of steppe landscapes enables the effective implementation of projects related to land reclamation and water body protection. Maintaining river flow continuity during low-water periods (low flow seasons) requires restrictions aimed at runoff regulation and optimal functioning of water-release structures. In the basins of small and medium-sized rivers, it is advisable to establish landscape-hydrological protected areas (PA, Protected Areas) to safeguard springs and zones of enhanced biodiversity. Existing water protection zones do not ensure protection against the degradation of landscapes associated with the hydrographic network.

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