Restoration of steppe ecosystems in the context of the UN ecosystem restoration decade: the best global and regional practices

The aim of this study was to analyse strategic approaches for restoring steppe ecosystems in Russia through the lens of global practices, scientific approaches and national sustainable development programs with the aim of proposing recommendations for integrating conservation measures into state policy.

The paper addresses key degradation factors – including massive plowing, livestock overgrazing, alteration of hydrological regimes and the impact of global climate change. It provides a comparative analysis of international restoration methods: from the Conservation Reserve Program (USA), bison reintroduction projects (Canada), large‐scale shelterbelt programs in China, to renaturation projects in Europe. Russian case studies were examined in greater detail – specifically the Orenburg Nature Reserve with its Przewalski’s horse reintroduction program and the unique Pleistocene Park. The importance of interagency coordination, scientific support, government oversight and involvement of public organizations is emphasized. Focus is placed on the necessity of developing a national strategy and regulatory framework, including the creation of specialized protected areas and economic incentives for sustainable land use.

Implementation of the proposed comprehensive measures will enhance the resilience of steppe ecosystems to climatic and anthropogenic pressures, preserve biodiversity, and integrate nature conservation technologies into the Russian system of natural resource management. Successful restoration depends on collaboration between the state, scientific community, local populations and active international cooperation. This will represent a significant step toward ensuring ecological stability and sustainable development of the country’s steppe regions.

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