Ecological and morphofunctional features of the water deer (Hydropotes inermis): A new species in the fauna of Russia
https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2025-3-6
Abstract
Aim. To summarise the available data on the ecology and morphology of the water deer (Hydropotes inermis Swinhoe, 1870).
The water deer is the most primitive in the deer family (Cervidae Goldfuss, 1820) and has the greatest morphological similarity with the extinct Dremotheriinae. A phylogenetic tree of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene shows the proximity of the water deer to roe deer (Capreolus Gray, 1821) and muntjacs (Muntiacus Rafinesque, 1815). A number of morphofunctional characteristics of the water deer contribute to its habitat in waterlogged habitats. The modern range of H. inermis is fragmented: the Chinese subspecies inhabits the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, while the Korean one – on the Korean Peninsula is actively expanding its range to the adjacent territories. The paper discusses the expansion of the water deer in the south of the Primorsky krai, provides data on the nutrition, reproduction and population dynamics of this species here as well as potential problems in the field of biosafety.
A stable population of water deer has formed in the south of the Primorsky krai. The size of this population continues to increase due to the high productivity of this species, the availability of sufficient fodder, places for shelters and the consistently improved system of protection of natural territories in Russia, China and North Korea. The water deer can be considered as a reserve element of the food resource for the large felines of IUNC Red List. It is necessary to intensify zoological studies of this species and combine them with comprehensive ecological, virological and parasitological monitoring.
About the Authors
E. M. Shchelkanov
Государственный университет просвещения
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Egor M. Shchelkanov, Student, Department of General Biology and Bioecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences
10A, Radio str., Moscow, 105005. Tel. +79243215162
Competing Interests:
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
O. F. Chernova
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Olga F. Chernova
Moscow
Competing Interests:
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Yu. I. Manukov
State University of Education
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Yuri I. Manukov
Moscow
Competing Interests:
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
D. V. Pankratov
G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Dmitry V. Pankratov
Vladivostok
Competing Interests:
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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For citations:
Shchelkanov E.M., Chernova O.F., Manukov Yu.I., Pankratov D.V. Ecological and morphofunctional features of the water deer (Hydropotes inermis): A new species in the fauna of Russia. South of Russia: ecology, development. 2025;20(3):66-81. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2025-3-6
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