Бактериальный состав почв бассейна реки Фатала (Гвинейская Республика) в сухой сезон и его взаимосвязь с экологическими характеристиками ландшафтов

В данной статье рассматривается бактериальный состав почв в бассейне реки Фатала (Гвинейская Республика).
Работа основана на молекулярно‐генетическом анализе.
Результаты исследования показывают, что наиболее представленные филумы — это Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria и Acidobacteria.
В качестве видов‐доминантов наиболее часто отмечены Candidatus Koribacter versatilis и Candidatus Solibacter usitatus. В фации 11, в районе, специализирующемся на добыче бокситов, наблюдается увеличение цианобактерий, что может быть связано с их способностью восстанавливать плодородие почв. Наиболее высокие показатели альфа‐разнообразия фиксируются в фациях 10, 12, 17 и 18, а наименьшие – в фации 7. Снижение альфа‐разнообразия в фации 7 может быть связано с увеличением численности планкомицетов, способные вырабатывать антимикробные вещества для устранения видов‐конкурентов. При оценке бета‐разнообразия выявлено, что наиболее схожими являются фации 10, 12 и 17, а фации 3, 5 и 7 имеют наибольшие отличия в сравнении со всеми проанализированными точками.
Выявление преобладающих бактериальных филумов и видов‐доминантов, а также специфических видов с фиксацией повышения или понижения биоразнообразия является важным шагом для оценки характерных для исследуемых природных объектов микроорганизмов. Разработанный подход может быть применен для проведения экологического мониторинга и оценки состояния различных типов почв.

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