Генетические мутации, ассоциированные с тяжелым течением респираторных заболеваний

Цель: выполнить анализ существующих данных о влиянии мутаций в геноме человека на патогенез респираторных вирусных инфекций и обсуждение их значимости для клинической практики. Основные задачи включают описание механизмов генетических мутаций, рассмотрение примеров генов и мутаций, влияющих на восприимчивость и тяжесть заболеваний, а также оценку перспектив генетического тестирования и персонализированной медицины.
Исследование генетических факторов, влияющих на вирусные респираторные инфекции, показывает значительное влияние мутаций на течение и исход заболеваний. Например, ген IFITM3, важный для ограничения репликации вируса гриппа, и его полиморфизм rs12252‐C ассоциируются с тяжелыми формами гриппа. Аналогично, мутации в TLR7 связаны с тяжелыми формами COVID‐19, особенно у мужчин.
Такие данные подтверждают важность генетического тестирования для выявления лиц с повышенным риском тяжелых инфекций и подчеркивают потенциал персонализированной медицины в улучшении исходов лечения. Важно также учитывать взаимодействие генетических факторов с экологическими и социальными детерминантами здоровья.
В обзоре рассмотрены генетические факторы, влияющие на восприимчивость к вирусным респираторным инфекциям и тяжесть течения заболеваний. Показано, что генетические мутации могут существенно влиять на патогенез и течение инфекций. Подчеркнута важность интеграции генетических данных в клиническую практику для повышения эффективности диагностики, прогнозирования и лечения.

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