Составы биопестицидов для защиты сельскохозяйственных культур – современное состояние и перспективы (обзор)

Цель: обобщить и проанализировать доступную информацию об исследованиях в области составов биопестицидов, которые направлены на усиление их эффективности, и оценить перспективы развития данного направления, для определения влияния компонентов на эффективность биопестицидов для защиты сельскохозяйственных культур.

В данной обзорной статье на основе системного анализа приведены результаты исследований компонентов, входящих в составы биопестицидов на основе микроорганизмов. Отмечено, что выбор компонентов биопестицидов необходимо осуществлять согласно требованиям, предъявляемым к продукции, рекомендованной для применения в системах экологического и органического земледелия. Указано, что выбор оптимальной рецептуры связан как с особенностями штаммов‐продуцентов, их трофических потребностей и устойчивости по отношению к биотическим и абиотическим факторам, так и с особенностями технологии применения биопестицида (обработка семян, внесение в грунт или обработка растений в процессе вегетации), а также типом применяемой аппаратуры.

Знание основных требований, предъявляемых к препаративным формам биопестицидам, позволит поддерживать жизнеспособность и биологическую активность микробных агентов при хранении биопестицидов, учитывая чувствительность штаммов‐продуцентов к условиям окружающей среды. Подбор оптимальных носителей, прилипателей, стабилизаторов, загустителей и синергистов с учетом технологии применения биопестицида и патогена‐мишени будет способствовать разработке и появлению на рынке новых биопестицидов для защиты сельскохозяйственных культур от болезней.

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