Взаимодействие эндофитных микроорганизмов по отношению к циперметрину

Цель.  Поиск  и  отбор  микроорганизмов,  обладающих  активными ферментативными свойствами для возможной биодеструкции пиретроидов. 
Материалы  и  методы.  Для  эффективного  скрининга  и  отбора  наиболее активных  изолятов  для  последующей  разработки  биотехнологических способов деструкции пестицидов и снижения их токсичности были отобраны пробы филосферы и ризосферы сельскохозяйственных культур, продовольственных  продуктов  и  др.  Из  отобранных  проб  было  выделено  23  изолята. Изоляты  оценивали  по  внутриклеточному  метаболизму  и  выработке экзоферментов.  Выделенные  микроорганизмы  были  идентифицированы  на основе  «Определителя  бактерий  Берджи».  Скрининг  микроорганизмов  для разработки  биотехнологических  способов  снижения  токсичности экотоксикантов  включал  следующие  этапы:  выбор  источников,  отбор  проб, посев  на  плотную  среду  для  выделения  чистой  культуры,  пересев  чистой культуры, исследование биологических свойств выделенных штаммов. 
Результаты.  С  целью  поиска  микроорганизмов  способных  утилизировать пиретроиды  получены  изоляты  микроскопических  грибов  и  бактерий.  Из    23 штаммов 12 обладали наиболее широким спектром активности, 5 штаммов показали наиболее выраженную и стабильную антагонистическую активность в  отношении  патогенных  микроорганизмов  при  различных  температурных параметрах от 30°С до 42°С (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus). Для отобранных штаммов была проведена оптимизация  среды  для  активации  обменных  процессов  в  клетке. Оценивалась  активность  амилаз,  протеаз,  ксиланаз  и  целлюлаз  гриба Trichoderma,  и  протеаз  L.  plantarum,  L.  lactis,  B.  subtilis  и  Propionibacterium. Проведены  исследования  влияния  на  синтез  гидролитических  ферментов различных концентраций в культуральной среде в присутствии полисахаридов ксилана, целлюлозы, крахмала и белка казеина.  
Заключение.  Проведены  токсикологические  исследования  отобранных изолятов  и  композиции,  состоящей  из  этих  изолятов  в  виде  культуральной суспензии,  на  простейших  стилонихиях.  Биотестирование  на  водных обитателях выделенных микроорганизмов (Trichoderma, L. plantarum, L. lactis, B.  subtilis  и  Propionibacterium)  показало,  что  процент  гибели  инфузорий    (S.  mytilus)  в  опыте  и  контроле  не  имел  значительных  отличий.  Создана микробиологическая  композиция,  которую  возможно  использовать  для защиты  окружающей  среды  при  воздействии  токсикантов  агротехногенного происхождения. Отобранные штаммы были протестированы на возможность осуществлять биодеградацию пиретроидов на примере циперметрина.

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