Comprehensive disaster damage management planning and the safety of advanced technologies to improve its efficiency (political and legal aspects)
https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2021-4-200-207
Abstract
Aim. The author aims to draw attention to the urgent need to accelerate the development of the scientific, technical and organizational basis for solving a global economic problem: reducing damage from natural disasters and, in this context, the issue of security and legal regulation of the use of geophysical technologies for active protection against them.
Discussion. The thirty‐year universal campaign conducted by the UN and consisting of special events, did not at any stage bring about the repeatedly planned significant reduction in the number of human victims and the amount of material damage. Its prolonged failure proves that the expected result cannot be obtained due to the attracted potential. In addition, it makes us critically evaluate the chosen means of implementing programmes and look for new ways to increase the effectiveness of the fight against the threat. In the natural sciences, the most promising prospect is methods that are being mastered in many developed countries and focused on a targeted influence on the destructive natural process. In this area, large‐scale scientific work has been carried out for a long time and already productively to increase the capabilities and scope of the modifying effect. However, serious problems arise on the path; they have been caused by insufficient knowledge of the changing natural phenomena, military and environmental aspects of these technologies, low predictability of the long‐term consequences of their use, conflicts between economic interests of different states. From a humanitarian point of view, the scale and dynamics of the adverse natural trend require a more radical and operational response than the implementation of methodological recommendations of a single plan for the widespread dissemination of a safety culture. The form of a collective solution adequate to the importance and significance of the universal task is a global disaster risk management which has a developed institutional base and a solid executive discipline. But it is absent today.
Conclusion. It is impossible to overcome the indicated obstacles for raising efficiency except by relying on a special regulatory platform of a universal level, which, however, today consists almost entirely of declarative decisions. Here it is necessary to increase the imperativeness of regulation, giving it legal force which is capable of more than recommendatory one to ensure by 2030 a previously unattainable substantial reduction in losses. It is also necessary to move to binding specific measures and technical standards agreed upon and guaranteed by legal instruments. To what extent the special system of international security created on such a basis will satisfy national interests in the future, depends very much on the degree of state participation in this construction today.
About the Author
S. N. Tikhomirov
Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO); Academy of Military Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Sergei N. Tikhomirov, Candidate of Juridical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Department of Global Economic Problems and Foreign Policy, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Russian Academy of Sciences, Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on Applied Geophysics, Professor, Academy of Military Sciences
23 Profsoyusnaya St, Moscow, 117997
Tel. +74955227381
References
1. Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly 54/219. International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction: Successor Arrangements. 3 February 2000. Resolutions and Decisions Adopted by the General Assembly during Fifty‐Fourth Session. Volume I. Resolutions 14 September – 23 December 1999. General Assembly. Official Reports: Fifty‐Fourth Session. Supplement no. 49 (А/54/49). New York, United Nations, 2000, 479 p.
2. Annex to the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 44/236 of 22 December 1989 “International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction”. International Framework of Action for the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. Resolutions and Decisions Adopted by the General Assembly during Forty‐Fourth Session. Volume I. Resolutions 19 September – 29 December 1989. General Assembly. Official Reports: Forty‐Fourth Session. Supplement no. 49 (A/44/49). New York, United Nations, 1990, 368 p.
3. Resolution 1. Annex I. Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World: Guidelines for Natural Disaster Prevention, Preparedness and Mitigation, Сontaining the Principles, the Strategy and the Plan of Action. Report of the World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction. Yokohama, Japan, 23–27 May, 1994. Doc. UN A/CONF.172/9.1994.27 September, 49 p.
4. Resolution 2. Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters. Report of the World Conference on Disaster Reduction. Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, 18–22 January 2005. United Nations. General Assembly. Doc. UN A/CONF.206/6.2005.16 March, 42 p.
5. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. Sendai, Japan, 14–18 March 2015. Doc. UN A/ CONF.224/L.2.2015.7 April, 35 p.
6. Implementation of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Report of the Secretary‐General. United Nations, General Assembly. (Doc. UN A/70/282.2015.4 August), 18 p.
7. Resolution 1. Annex 2. Agenda 21. Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. Volume 1. Resolutions adopted by the Conference. Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June, 1992. Doc. UN A/CONF/ 151/26/Rev.1 (Vol.1). New York, United Nation, 1993, 487 p.
8. Paris Agreement. Available at: unfccc.int/sites/default/files/english_paris_agreement (accessed 24.06.2020)
9. Implementation of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Report of the Secretary‐General. United Nations, General Assembly. (Doc. UN A/69/364.2014.3 September), 22 p.
10. Budyko M.I. Some ways of the climate impact. Meteorologiya i gidrologiya [Meteorology and Hydrology]. 1962, no. 2, pp. 3‐8. (In Russian)
11. Trofimov V.N. Voennaya i ekologicheskaya bezopasnost'. Mezhdunarodnoe pravo i sila [Military and environmental safety. International law and force]. Moscow, Prometheus Publ., 1991, 131 p. (In Russian)
12. Kanaev N.M., ed. Territoriya nadezhdy. Sbornik statei i analiticheskikh zapisok [Territory of hope. Collection of articles and policy briefs]. Moscow, International Academy of Sciences on National Security Problems Publ., 1999, 212 p. (In Russian)
13. United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1108, no. I‐17119, New York, United Nations, 1986. 457 p.
14. Vavilov A.M. Ekologicheskie posledstviya gonki vooruzhenii [Ecological consequences of the arms race]. Moscow, International Relations Publ., 1988, 207 p. (In Russian)
15. Report of the 1st Committee on Disarmament, vol. I, General Assembly. Official Reports. Thirty‐first session. Supplement no. 27 (А/31/27). New York, United Nations, 1976, 107 p.
Review
For citations:
Tikhomirov S.N. Comprehensive disaster damage management planning and the safety of advanced technologies to improve its efficiency (political and legal aspects). South of Russia: ecology, development. 2021;16(4):200‐207. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2021-4-200-207
Views:
394
Email this article 
