SPECIES COMPOSITION AND TERRITORIAL DISTRIBUTION OF BIRDS IN PIEDMONT DAGESTAN
https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2019-2-9-34
Abstract
Aim. The paper summarizes the data on bird counts carried out in 1995–2018 in Piedmont Dagestan. Information on the following points was obtained for the first time: composition of bird species, their average abundance, residence status, faunal‐genetic structure, ecological pattern of the avifauna, as well as the features of territorial distribution of birds in Piedmont Dagestan.
Methods. Bird counts were carried out on routes without limiting the transect width, with further separate recalculation per area according to the average detection ranges for groups. The faunal‐genetic structure was determined using a standard procedure. The ecological classification is based on the original differentiation of birds according to their occurrence in preferred habitats. The obtained data were processed using cluster, factor and correlation analyses.
Results. Of 127 bird species recorded in Piedmont Dagestan, widespread representatives of European, European‐Chinese, Mediterranean, as well as Mongolian fauna predominate, which is associated with the availability of suitable habitats. In the course of cluster analysis, we identified three groups of key areas, reflecting the abundance‐based similarities between bird populations in the studied area. The constructed structural graph illustrates the spatial‐typological organization of the bird population in Piedmont Dagestan. It is established that the development of bird communities in the compared key areas has not only a similar but also distinctive ecological pattern, formed under the influence of such environmental factors as high‐altitude gradient, availability of warmth and water, forest area, rocky outcrops, as well as open areas and man‐made landscapes.
Conclusion. The specific ecological pattern of the avifauna in Piedmont Dagestan was developed due to the contribution of both adapted populations of migratory birds of the plains, nesting in the foothills, and to that of the resident communities of typically mountain birds, whose qualitative and quantitative composition changes under the integrated influence of environmental regulatory factors.
About the Author
E. V. Vilkov
Caspian Institute of Biological Resources, Dagestan Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher,
45 M. Gadzhiev St., Makhachkala, 367000
References
1. Vilkov E.V. Population trends in regular migrants as the basis for a prediction model for conservation of the birds of Eurasia. Russian Journal of Ecology, 2013, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 142‐157. Doi: 10.1134/S106741361301013X
2. Vilkov E.V. Structure and ecological diversity of birds in mountain Dagestan. Vestnik Yuzhnogo nauchnogo tsentra RAN [Bulletin of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Acad‐emy of Sciences]. 2010, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 52‐59. (In Russian)
3. Vilkov Ye.V. Inventory of cranes and their modern state on the territory of Dagestan. Yug Rossii: ekologiya, razvitie [South of Russia: ecology, development]. 2011, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 103‐ 118. (In Russian)
4. Vilkov E.V. Characteristics of ecology of bee‐eaters (Merops apiaster, M. superciliosus) in Daghestan as a region of intensive migrations. South of Russia: ecology, development, 2016, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 90‐105. (In Russian) Doi: 10.18470/1992‐1098‐2016‐3‐90‐105
5. Vilkov E.V. The Genesis and Evolution of the Caspian Sea Lagoons as Avifauna Refuges at the Transboundary Scale. Open Journal of Marine Science, 2016. vol. 6, iss. 1, pp. 115‐124. Doi: 10.4236/ojms.2016.61011
6. Menetries E. Catalogue raisone des obgects de Zoologie recuellis dans im voyage au Caucase et jusquaux frontieres actualles de la Perse. SPb., pp. 1‐271.
7. Radde G.I. Ornitologicheskaya fauna Kavkaza [Ornithological fauna of the Caucasus]. Tiflis, Typography of the Chief Civilian in the Caucasus, 1884, 446 p. (In Russian)
8. Rossikov K.N. A trip to the south‐western part of Chechnya and western Daghestan. Izvestiya Kavkazskogo otdeleniya RGO [News of the Caucasian Branch of the Russian Geographical Society]. 1885, vol. 9, no 1, pp. 99‐103. (In Russian)
9. Rossikov K.N. A trip to Chechnya and Upland Dagestan (for ornithological purposes). Zapiski Kavkazskogo otdeleniya RGO [Notes of the Caucasian Branch of the Russian Geographical Society]. 1884, vol 13, iss. 1, pp. 213‐277. (In Russian)
10. Dinnik N.Ya. On Chechnya and Daghestan. Izvestiya Kavkazskogo otdela imp. Russkogo geograficheskogo obshchestva [News of the Caucasian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society]. 1905, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1‐78. (In Russian)
11. Dinnik N.Ya. Migration of birds across the Caucasian Ridge. Izvestiya Kavkazskogo otdela Russkogo geograficheskogo obshchestva [News of the Caucasian branch of the Russian Geo‐ graphical Society]. 1887, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 394‐405. (In Russian)
12. Dinnik N.Ya. Ornithological observations in the Caucasus. Trudy S.‐Peterburgskogo obshchestva yestestvoispytateley [Transactions of the St. Petersburg Society of Natural Scientists]. 1886, vol. 17, iss. 1, pp. 260‐378. (In Russian)
13. Bilkevich S.I. Materials on the research of avifauna of Daghestan. Protokol zasedaniya Obshchestva estestvoispytatelei pri Kazanskom universitete. 1892‐1893 gg. [Meeting Agenda of the Society of Naturalists at Kazan University. 1892‐1893]. Kazan, 1893, vol. 24, app. 125, pp. 1‐24. (In Russian)
14. Satunin K.A. On the zoogeographic districts of the Caucasian region. Izvestiya Kavkazskogo muzeya [Proceedings of the Caucasian Museum]. 1912, vol. 7, pp. 7‐106. (In Russian)
15. Böme L.B. On the issue of studying the vertical migration of birds in the central part of the Caucasus. Doklady AN SSSR [Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences]. 1932, ser. A, no. 1, pp. 23‐29. (In Russian)
16. Böme L.B. Po Kavkazu. Priroda i okhota [In the Caucasus. Nature and Hunting]. Moscow, Moscow Society of Naturalists Publ., 1950, 208 p. (In Russian)
17. Gasanguseynov M.G. [To the ecology of the blackbird in the foothills of Daghestan]. In: Materialy Vsesoyuznogo nauchno‐metodicheskogo soveshchaniya zoologov pedvuzov [Materials of the All‐Union Scientific and Methodological Meeting of Pedagogical Zoologists]. 1990, part 2, 53 p. (In Russian)
18. Böhme R.L., Banin D.A. Gornaya avifauna yuzhnoy Palearktiki: (Ekologo‐geograficheskiy analiz) [Mountain Avifauna of the Southern Palearctic: (Ecological‐geographical analysis)]. Moscow, MSU Publ., 2001, 256 p. (In Russian)
19. Polivanova N.N. [Foreword] In: Migratsii i zimovki ptits Severnogo Kavkaza [Migrations and winterings of birds of the North Caucasus]. 1990, pp. 5‐6. (In Russian)
20. Sokolov L.V. Klimat v zhizni rasteniy i zhivotnykh [The climate in the life of plants and animals]. St. Petersburg, TESSA Publ., 2010, 344 p. (In Russian)
21. Vilkov E.V. Peculiarities of the summer population of birds of the Agul region (the mountains of southern Dagestan. Kavkazskiy ornitologicheskiy vestnik [The Caucasian Ornithological Bulletin]. 2001, vol. 13, pp. 27‐33. (In Russian)
22. Vilkov E.V. Struktura i territorialʹnoye raspredeleniye avifauny vysokogornogo Dagestana v usloviyakh intensivnykh migratsiy [Structure and territorial distribution of avifauna of the High‐mountain Dagestan in the conditions of intensive migrations]. Vserossiyskaya nauchno‐prakticheskaya konferentsiya “Sovremennyye problemy biologii i ekologii zhivotnykh”, Makhachkala, 2008 [Proceedings of All‐Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Modern problems of animal biology and ecology”, Makhachkala, 2008]. Makhachkala, 2008, pp. 101‐114. (In Russian)
23. Vilkov E.V. Structure, number and spatial‐biotopic distribution of summer avifauna in central foothills of Daghestan. Branta [Branta]. 2009, iss. 12, pp. 48‐58. (In Russian)
24. Vilkov E.V. Species composition and regularities of the formation of the diversity of birds in the highland Daghestan. In: Zhivotnyy mir gornykh territoriy [Animal world of mountainous territories]. Moscow, 2009, pp. 243‐251. (In Russian)
25. Vilkov E.V. Struktura i ekologicheskoye raznoobraziye ptits Vnutrigornogo Dagestana (na primere seleniya Gotsatlʹ) [Structure and ecological diversity of birds in the Dagestan in the in‐ terior (by the example of the village Gotsatl)]. Materialy nauchnoprakticheskoy konferentsii “Ptitsy Kavkaza. Sovremennoye sostoyaniye i problemy okhrany”, Stavropolʹ, 2011 [Proceedings of the scientific‐practical conference “Birds of the Caucasus. Current state and problems of protection”, Stavropol, 2011]. Stavropol, 2011, pp. 25‐34. (In Russian)
26. Vilkov Ye.V. Structure and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of bird summer population in Dagestan high mountains (by the example of Charodinsky district). South of Russia: ecology, development, 2013, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 77‐89. (In Russian) Doi: 10.18470/1992‐1098‐20132‐77‐89
27. Vilkov E.V. Istoriya izucheniya i strukturnoterritorialʹnyye svyazi ptits vysokogornogo Dagestana (na primere Charodinskogo i Tlyaratinskogo rayonov) [History of study and structural‐ territorial relations of birds of highland Dagestan (by the example of the Charodinsky and Tlyaratinsky districts)]. Materialy nauchnoy konferentsii “Ptitsy Kavkaza: istoriya izucheniya, zhiznʹ v urbanizirovannoy srede”, Stavropolʹ, 2013 [Proceedings of a scientific conference “Birds of the Caucasus: history of studying, life in an urbanized environment”, Stavropol, 2013]. Stavropol, 2013, pp. 25‐52. (In Russian).
28. Vilkov E.V. Fauna i ekologiya ptits Tlyaratinskogo raiona (Vysokogornyi Dagestan) kak potentsialʹnoi prirodookhrannoi territorii federalʹnogo znacheniya [The fauna and ecology of birds in the Tlyaratinsky district (High Mountain Dagestan) as a potential protected area of federal significance]. Mezhdunarodnaya konferentsiya “Sovremennyye problemy sokhraneniya bioraznoobraziya i prirodopolʹzovaniya”. Odessa, 24‐27 sentyabrya 2013 [Modern problems of biodiversity conservation and environmental management. International Conference, Odessa, 24‐27 September, 2013]. Odessa, 2013, рp. 9‐10. (In Russian)
29. Vilkov E.V. Structure and ecology of birds in Intra‐mountain Daghestan. South of Russia: ecol‐ ogy, development, 2018, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 40‐62. (In Russian) DOI: 10.18470/1992‐1098‐2018‐1‐40‐62
30. Vilkov E.V. Structural organization and specificity of territorial links among birds of Inner‐ mountain and High‐mountain Daghestan. Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology, 2018, no. 2, pp. 163‐182. (In Russian) Doi: 10.18500/1684‐7318‐2018‐2‐163‐182
31. Ataev Z.V. [Province of Out‐mountain Dagestan] In: Fizicheskaya geografiya Dagestana [Physi‐ cal Geography of Daghestan]. Moscow, Shkola Publ., 1996, pp. 343‐347. (In Russian)
32. Eldarov M.M. Fizicheskaya geografiya Predgornogo Dagestana [Physical geography of Piedmont Dagestan]. Rostov‐on‐Don, RSPI Publ., 1984. 136 p. (In Russian)
33. Ravkin Yu.S. [To the method of recording birds of forest landscapes]. In: Priroda ochagov kleshchevogo entsefalita na Altaye [Nature of foci of tick‐borne encephalitis in the Altai]. Novosibirsk, 1967, pp. 66‐75. (In Russian)
34. Ravkin Yu.S., Dobrokhotov B.P. [To the method of recording birds of forest landscapes out‐ side of the nesting season]. In: Organizatsii i metody ucheta ptits i vrednykh gryzunov [Organiza‐ tions and methods of recording birds and harmful rodents]. Moscow, 1963, pp. 130‐136. (In Russian)
35. Stepanyan L.S. Konspekt ornitologicheskoy fauny Rossii i sopredelʹnykh territoriy (v granitsakh SSSR kak istoricheskoy oblasti) [The list of the ornithological fauna of Russia and adjacent territo‐ ries (within the borders of the USSR as a historical region)]. Moscow, Akademkniga Publ., 2003, 808 p. (In Russian)
36. Irisov E.A. Ptitsy v usloviyakh gornykh stran: Analiz ekologo‐fiziologicheskikh adaptatsii [Birds in mountainous countries: Analysis of ecological and physiological adaptations]. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1997, 208 p. (In Russian)
37. Naumov N.P. Ekologiya zhivotnykh [Ecology of animals]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1963, 618 p. (In Russian)
38. Shtegman B.K. Osnovy ornitogeograficheskogo deleniya Palearktiki [Basics of ornithogeograph‐ ical division of the Palaearctic]. Moscow; Leningrad, Academy of Sciences of the USSR Publ., 1938, vol. 1, iss. 2, 156 p. (In Russian)
39. Kishchinsky A.A. Principles of reconstruction of the history of avifauna by the biogeograph‐ ical method. In: Adaptatsionnyye osobennosti i evolyutsiya ptits [Adaptation features and the evolu‐ tion of birds]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1977, pp. 33‐39. (In Russian)
40. Magomedov M.‐R.D., Omarov K.Z. The diet peculiarities and status of the natural popula‐ tion of the radde hamster in the agrolandscapes of mountainous Daghestan. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal [Zoological Journal]. 1995, vol. 74, iss. 3, pp. 123‐133. (In Russian)
41. Omarov K.Z., Magomedov M.‐R.D. Principles of functioning and stability of populations and communities of small mammals in conditions of mountain agriculture on East Caucasus. Communities. Vestnik Dagestanskogo nauchnogo tsentra [Herald of the Daghestan Scientific Center]. 2007, no. 27, pp. 26‐33. (In Russian)
42. Omarov K.Z., Yarovenko Yu.A. Species diversity and current status of the mountain mam‐ mal fauna of the Eastern Caucasus. Vestnik Dagestanskogo nauchnogo tsentra [Herald of Da‐ ghestan scientific center]. 2016, no. 61, pp. 6‐18. (In Russian)
43. Ravkin Yu.S., Livanov S.G. Faktornaya zoogeografiya: printsipy, metody i teoreticheskiye pred‐ stavleniya [Factor zoogeography: principles, methods and theoretical generalizations]. Novosi‐ birsk, Nauka Publ., 2008, 205 p. (In Russian)
44. Ravkin E.S., Bursky O.V, Vartopetov L.G., Fomin B.N. Winter population of birds of some landscapes of the North‐Eastern Caucasus. In: Migratsii i zimovki ptits Severnogo Kavkaza [Migra‐ tions and wintering of birds of the Northern Caucasus]. 1990, vol. 11, pp. 188‐194. (In Russian)
Review
For citations:
Vilkov E.V. SPECIES COMPOSITION AND TERRITORIAL DISTRIBUTION OF BIRDS IN PIEDMONT DAGESTAN. South of Russia: ecology, development. 2019;14(2):9-34. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2019-2-9-34
Views:
1012
Email this article 
