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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecodag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Юг России: экология, развитие</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South of Russia: ecology, development</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-1098</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-0958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18470/1992-1098-2017-3-20-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecodag-947</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОЛОГИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECOLOGY OF ANIMALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КОЛЮЧИЕ ВШИ (ECHINOPHTHIRIDAE) КАК ПЕРЕНОСЧИКИ ИНВАЗИВНЫХ И ИНФЕКЦИОННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ЛАСТОНОГИХ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SEAL LOUSE (ECHINOPHTHIRIDAE) AS VECTORS FOR INVASIVE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE AGENTS OF PINNIPEDS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щелканов</surname><given-names>Михаил Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchelkanov</surname><given-names>Mikhail Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., доцент; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории микробиологии Научно-образовательного комплекса «Приморский океанариум» Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук (690922, Приморский край, г. Владивосток, о. Русский, ул. акад. Касьянова, д. 25), зав. вирусологической лабораторией ФГБУ науки «Биолого-почвенный институт» Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук (690022, г. Владивосток, пр-т 100-летия Владивостоку, д. 159), зав. научной лабораторией экологии микроорганизмов Школы биомедицины ФГАУ ВО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет» (690091, Приморский край, г. Владивосток, ул. Суханова, д. 8); 8-924-529-7109;</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor; Leader Researcher of the “Primorsky Oceanarium” of the Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (690922, Russia, Primorsky krai, Vladivostok, Russian Island, acad. Kasyanov, 25), Head of Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biology and Soil Science of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (690022, Vladivostok, prospekt 100-letiya Vladivostoku, 159), Head of Laboratory of microorganism ecology, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University (690091, Russia, Primorsky Krai, Vladivostok, Sukhanova 8); 8-924-529-7109;</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adorob@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катин</surname><given-names>Игорь О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katin</surname><given-names>Igor O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., доцент; старший научный сотрудник Научно-образовательного комплекса «Приморский океанариум» Дальневосточного отделения РАН, Владивосток, Россия.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (biology), Associate Professor; Senior Researcher of the “Primorsky Oceanarium” of the Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурухина</surname><given-names>Елена Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burukhina</surname><given-names>Elena G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая лабораторией эпизоотологических исследований ФБУ здравоохранения «Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Приморском крае», Владивосток, Россия.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Laboratory of Epizootological Investigations of the Federal “Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Primorsky krai”, Vladivostok, Russia.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Починок</surname><given-names>Ирина В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pochinok</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая лабораторией ветеринарии Научно-образовательного комплекса «Приморский океанариум» Дальневосточного отделения РАН, Владивосток, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Laboratory of Veterinary of the “Primorsky Oceanarium” of the Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щелканов</surname><given-names>Егор М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchelkanov</surname><given-names>Egor M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь лаборатории экологии микроорганизмов Школы биомедицины ФГАОУ ВО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет», Владивосток, Россия.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory Researcher of the Laboratory of Microorganism Ecology, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>Юрий Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>Yuriy G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории вирусологии Биолого-почвенного института Дальневосточного отделения РАН, Владивосток, Россия.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (biology); Senior Researcher of Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biology and Soil Science of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostoku, Russia.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шестопалов</surname><given-names>Александр М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shestopalov</surname><given-names>Alexander M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.б.н., профессор; директор Научно-исследовательского института экспериментальной и клинической медицины Сибирского отделения РАН, старший научный сотрудник кафедры физиологии Новосибирского национального исследовательского государственного университета, Новосибирск, Россия.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor; Director of the Scientific Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Senior Researcher of the Department of Physiology of Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>Ирина В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник научной лабораторией экологии микроорганизмов Школы биомедицины ФГАОУ ВО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет», Владивосток, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (medical); Leader Researcher of the Laboratory of Microorganism Ecology, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно образовательный комплекс «Приморский океанариум» ДВО РАН;&#13;
Биолого-почвенный институт ДВО РАН;&#13;
Школа биомедицины, Центр Азиатско-Тихоокеанских исследований, Дальневосточный федеральный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research and Educational Center «Primorsky Oceanarium»;&#13;
Institute of Biology and Soil Science;&#13;
School of Biomedicine, Center of Asia-Pacific Investigations, Far Eastern Federal University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно образовательный комплекс «Приморский океанариум» ДВО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research and Educational Center «Primorsky Oceanarium»<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Центр гигиены и эпидемиологии в Приморском крае<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Primorsky krai<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Школа биомедицины, Центр Азиатско-Тихоокеанских исследований, Дальневосточный федеральный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">School of Biomedicine, Center of Asia-Pacific Investigations, Far Eastern Federal University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Биолого-почвенный институт ДВО РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Biology and Soil Science<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной и клинической медицины СО РАН;&#13;
Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine;&#13;
Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щелканов М.Ю., Катин И.О., Бурухина Е.Г., Починок И.В., Щелканов Е.М., Волков Ю.Г., Шестопалов А.М., Галкина И.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щелканов М.Ю., Катин И.О., Бурухина Е.Г., Починок И.В., Щелканов Е.М., Волков Ю.Г., Шестопалов А.М., Галкина И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shchelkanov M.Y., Katin I.O., Burukhina E.G., Pochinok I.V., Shchelkanov E.M., Volkov Y.G., Shestopalov A.M., Galkina I.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/947">https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/947</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель настоящей работы заключается в анализе механизмов адаптации к водной среде колючих вшей (Phthiraptera: Anoplura, Echinophthiridae) – постоянных эктопаразитов ластоногих, а также имеющихся литературных данных об эхинофтиридах как переносчиках возбудителей заболеваний их хозяев. Обсуждение. Наиболее заметной особенностью адаптации колючих вшей к водной среде стало их перемещение в носовые ходы ластоногих. Однако это не означает полный отказ от экто- в пользу эндопаразитизма. Колючие вши сохранили морфофункциональные механизмы прикрепления к волосяному покрову и приобрели ряд особенностей, облегчающих существование в водной среде: брюшные дыхальца заужены и имеют трубковидную форму; голова, грудь и особенно брюшко покрыты чешуевидными уплощёнными щетинками, в которых задерживаются пузырьки воздуха. Тесная экологическая связь с ластоногими делают кровососущих колючих вшей эффективными переносчиками возбудителей инвазивных и инфекционных заболеваний, в частности, микрофилярий Acanthocheilonema spirocauda (Nematoda: Onchocercidae), вируса южных морских слонов (SESV – Southern elephant seal virus) (Togaviridae, Alphavirus), Bartonella henselae (Rhizobiales: Bartonellaceae). Описанный в 2016 г. симбионт Proechinophthirus fluctus был отнесён к группе пятнистой лихорадки Скалистых гор (Rickettsia ricketsii), в которую входят возбудители опасных заболеваний человека. Заключение. Необходимо включить изучение колючих вшей ластоногих в программы эколого-зоологического и эколого-вирусологического мониторинга морских млекопитающих.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the presented article is to analyze seal lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura, Echinophthiridae) adaptation to aquatic environment – permanent parasites of pinnipeds, as well as available literature data about seal lice as pathogen vectors of their hosts. Discussion. The most noticeable feature of seal lice adaptation to aquatic environment has become their movement in the nasal passages of pinnipeds. However, this does not mean a complete rejection of ecto - in favor of endoparasitism. Seal lice preserved morphology-functional mechanisms of attachment to the fur and gained a number of features that facilitate the existence in the aquatic environment: the abdominal spiracles are tapered and have tube-like shape; head, thorax and especially the abdomen is covered with scale-like flattened setae, which stick to the air bubbles. The close ecological connection with the pinnipeds makes bloodsucking seal lice effective carriers of etiological agents of invasive and infectious diseases, e.g. microfilaria Acanthocheilonema spirocauda (Nematoda: Onchocercidae), Southern elephant seal virus (SESV) (Togaviridae, Alphavirus), Bartonella henselae (Rhizobiales: Bartonellaceae). Symbiont of Proechinophthirus fluctus described in 2016 was classified to the group of spotted fever Rocky mountain (Rickettsia ricketsii), which includes etiological agents of dangerous human diseases. Conclusion. It is necessary to include investigations of seal lice of pinnipeds into the programs of ecology-zoological and ecologyvirological monitoring of marine mammals.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колючие вши</kwd><kwd>Echinophthiridae</kwd><kwd>настоящие тюлени</kwd><kwd>ушастые тюлени</kwd><kwd>моржовые</kwd><kwd>микрофилярии</kwd><kwd>вирус южных морских львов</kwd><kwd>Bartonella</kwd><kwd>Rickettsia</kwd><kwd>симбионты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>seal lice</kwd><kwd>Echinophthiridae</kwd><kwd>earless seals</kwd><kwd>eared seals</kwd><kwd>walrus</kwd><kwd>microfilariae</kwd><kwd>Southern elephant seal virus</kwd><kwd>Bartonella</kwd><kwd>Rickettsia</kwd><kwd>symbiont</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жизнь животных. Членистоногие: трилобиты, хелицеровые, трахейнодышащие. Онихофоры / Под ред. М.С. Гилярова, Ф.Н. 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