ecodagЮг России: экология, развитиеSouth of Russia: ecology, development1992-10982413-0958State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan10.18470/1992-1098-2016-1-137-148ecodag-811Research ArticleГЕОЭКОЛОГИЯGEOECOLOGYУГЛЕВОДОРОДНОЕ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЕ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОЙ ЧАСТИ КАСПИЙСКОГО МОРЯHYDROCARBON POLLUTION IN THE NORTH-WESTERN PART OF THE CASPIAN SEAОстровскаяЕ. В.OstrovskayaE. V.

кандидат географических наук, заместитель директора,

ул. Ширяева, 14, Астрахань,

kaspmniz@mail.ru

PhD in Geography, Deputy Director,

Shiryaeva St. 14, Astrakhan,

kaspmniz@mail.ru

eostrovskaya@mail.ruКолмыковЕ. В.KolmykovE. V.

ведущий инженер по охране окружающей среды, отдел экологии,

Астрахань

lead engineer for environment protection, the Department of Ecology,

Astrakhan

ХолинаО. И.KholinaO. I.

научный сотрудник, лаборатория гидрохимии и экологии,

Астрахань

research officer, the laboratory of hydrochemistry and ecology,

Astrakhan

ПронинаТ. С.ProninaT. S.

младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория гидрохимии и экологии,

Астрахань

junior research officer, the laboratory of hydrochemistry and ecology,

Astrakhan

ВойноваМ. В.VoinovaM. V.

кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаборатория гидрохимии и экологии,

Астрахань

PhD in biology, senior research officer, the laboratory of hydrochemistry and ecology,

Astrakhan

Каспийский морской научно-исследовательский центрРоссияCaspian Marine Research CenterRussian FederationООО «ЛУКОЙЛ-Нижневолжскнефть»РоссияLUKOIL-Nizhnevolzhsk Ltd.Russian FederationКаспийский морской научно-исследовательский центрРоссияCaspian Marine Research CenterRussian Federation201630032016111137148Copyright © Островская Е.В., Колмыков Е.В., Холина О.И., Пронина Т.С., Войнова М.В., 20162016Островская Е.В., Колмыков Е.В., Холина О.И., Пронина Т.С., Войнова М.В.Ostrovskaya E.V., Kolmykov E.V., Kholina O.I., Pronina T.S., Voinova M.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/811

Целью данной работы является оценка современного уровня загрязнения углеводородами морской среды северо-западной части Каспийского моря и определение основных источников их поступления.

Методы

Методы. В основу работы легло обобщение результатов трехлетних исследований, проведенных в 2012-2014 гг. в рамках Программы Росгидромета по мониторингу трансграничных водных объектов Каспийского моря. В этот период были отобраны пробы воды и донных отложений для определения в них концентраций алифатических и полиароматических углеводородов. Общее содержание углеводородов (УВ) определяли методом инфракрасной спектрометрии, полиароматических (ПАУ) – методом газовой хроматографии и масс-спектрометрии.

Результаты химического анализа показали, что концентрации УВ в воде менялись от следовых до 240 мкг/л, в донных отложениях – от следовых до 114 мкг/г. Суммарные концентрации ПАУ в воде варьировали от следов до 321 нг/л, в донных отложениях – от следов до 699 нг/г. Для определения источников нефтяного загрязнения привлекались данные космического мониторинга исследуемой акватории, которые показали значительное поступление углеводородов в морскую среду с судовыми сбросами.

Выводы

Выводы. Сравнение полученных результатов с ранее проведенными исследованиями и международными стандартами качества среды показали, что современный уровень загрязнения исследуемой акватории углеводородами незначителен.

Aim

Aim. The paper is aimed to estimate the current level of hydrocarbon pollution of the marine environment in the North-Western part of the Caspian Sea.

Methods

Methods. The paper discusses the results of three-year studies conducted in 2012-2014 within the framework of Roshydromet’s Programme of monitoring of transboundary waters of the Caspian Sea. Spatial distribution of concentrations of hydrocarbons (total and polyaromatic) in water and bottom sediments of the area was analysed. Concentrations of total hydrocarbons were determined by means of infrared spectrometry and PAHs – of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry.

Results

Results. The range of the total hydrocarbons in the area’s water is from slight traces to 240 µg/l, in sediments – from traces to 114 µg/g (dry weight). Total concentrations of PAHs in water varied from traces to 321 ng/l, in sediments – from traces to 699 ng/g (dry weight). For the source identification, data of satellite monitoring of the area were used. The data showed increasing input of hydrocarbons coming into the marine environment with discharges from vessels.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The results of these studies are compared to those of previous research and show that the level of hydrocarbons in the area is typical for slightly polluted areas.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.