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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecodag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Юг России: экология, развитие</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South of Russia: ecology, development</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-1098</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-0958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18470/1992-1098-2008-4-15-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecodag-425</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH METHODS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Солнечная радиация 2600 BP и Малый ледниковый период как причины наслоений Каспийского моря</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SOLAR-FORCED 2600 BP AND LITTLE ICE AGE HIGHSTANDS OF THE CASPIAN SEA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крооненберг</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kroonenberg</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдурахманов</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdurakhmanov</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бадюкова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Badyukova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ван дер Борг</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Van der Borg</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калашников</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalashnikov</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касимов</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasimov</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рычагов</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rychagov</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свиточ</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svitoch</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вонхов</surname><given-names>Х. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vonhof</surname><given-names>H. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Весселинг</surname><given-names>Ф. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wesselingh</surname><given-names>F. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Крооненберг С.Б., Абдурахманов Г.М., Бадюкова Е.Н., Ван дер Борг К., Калашников А., Касимов Н.С., Рычагов Г.И., Свиточ А.А., Вонхов Х.Б., Весселинг Ф.П., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Крооненберг С.Б., Абдурахманов Г.М., Бадюкова Е.Н., Ван дер Борг К., Калашников А., Касимов Н.С., Рычагов Г.И., Свиточ А.А., Вонхов Х.Б., Весселинг Ф.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kroonenberg S.B., Abdurakhmanov G.M., Badyukova E.N., van der Borg K., Kalashnikov A., Kasimov N.S., Rychagov G.I., Svitoch A.A., Vonhof H.B., Wesselingh F.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/425">https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/425</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследования, включающие в себя социальное, экономическое и экологическое содержание, выявляют общность сопутствующих областей и глобальной цели. Эта цель скрыта за понятием "устойчивое развитие". Эти ограничения представлены как мультипликативный индекс развития. Этот индекс отражает информационный баланс определенной территории. Уровень Каспийского моря, наибольшего внутреннего моря в мире, сильно колебался в течение своей истории, с амплитудами до 3 м в прошлом столетии, до 25 м в последнем тысячелетии, и до более150 м начиная с Последнего Ледникового периода. Результаты показывают, что последние главные наслоения произошли приблизительно в 2600 г. до н.э. и в Малом Ледниковом периоде и совпадает с глобальным охлаждением, связанным с минимумами в солнечной активности. Это позволяет предположить, что тысячелетние изменения осадков в волжском речном бассейне также вызваны солнечной активностью.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The researches combining a social, economic and ecological content, find out a generality of appendix area and global purpose. This purpose image is hidden behind the term sustainable development". These restrictions are presented as the multiplicative index of the development. This index is reflecting an information balance of a territory.The level of the Caspian Sea, the largest inland sea in the world, has fluctuated capriciously in history, with amplitudes up to 3 m in the last century, to 25m in the last millennium, and to over 150m since the Last Glacial. The results suggest that the last major highstands occurred around 2600 BP and in the Little Ice Age and coincide with global cooling events associated with minima in solar activity. This suggests that millennial precipitation changes in the Volga River drainage basin are also forced by solar activity.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>солнечная активность</kwd><kwd>наслоения</kwd><kwd>Малый Ледниковый период</kwd><kwd>Каспийское море</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arpe, K., Bengtsson, L., Golitsyn, G.S., Mokhov, I.I., Semenov V A Sporyshev, P.V., 2000. Connection between Caspian Sea level variability and ENSO. Geophysical Research Letters 27 (17) 2693-2696.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arpe, K., Bengtsson, L., Golitsyn, G.S., Mokhov, I.I., Semenov V A Sporyshev, P.V., 2000. Connection between Caspian Sea level variability and ENSO. 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