ecodagЮг России: экология, развитиеSouth of Russia: ecology, development1992-10982413-0958State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan10.18470/1991-1098-2026-2ecodag-3640Research ArticleВИРУСОЛОГИЯVIROLOGYИсследование биологических свойств диких штаммов вируса болезни Ньюкасла, выделенных на территории России в период с 2018 по 2021Biological characterization of wild Newcastle disease virus strains Isolated in Russia between 2018 and 2021https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8655-9220КоваленкоВ. С.KovalenkoV. S.

Вероника С. Коваленко - м.н.с.

630060 Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2. Тел. +79528069303

Veronika S. Kovalenko – PhD.

2 Timakova St., Novosibirsk, 630060. Tel. +79528069303

kovalenkovs.00@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6412-3622АдаменкоЛ. С.AdamenkoL. S.

Любовь С. Адаменко

Новосибирск

Lyubov S. Adamenko

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0679-8493ЮрченкоК. С.YurchenkoK. S.

Ксения С. Юрченко

Новосибирск

Kseniya S. Yurchenko

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-6298КаркавинЮ. И.KarkavinYu. I.

Юрий И. Каркавин

Новосибирск

Yuri I. Karkavin

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-0073ГлущенкоА. В.GlushchenkoA. V.

Александра В. Глущенко

Новосибирск

Alexandra V. Glushchenko

Novosibirsk

Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медициныFederal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine2026130520262111430Copyright © Коваленко В.С., Адаменко Л.С., Юрченко К.С., Каркавин Ю.И., Глущенко А.В., 20262026Коваленко В.С., Адаменко Л.С., Юрченко К.С., Каркавин Ю.И., Глущенко А.В.Kovalenko V.S., Adamenko L.S., Yurchenko K.S., Karkavin Y.I., Glushchenko A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/3640

Вирус болезни Ньюкасла (ВБН) остаётся значимым патогеном птиц, при этом дикие мигрирующие виды играют ключевую роль в его циркуляции и межрегиональном переносе. Цель исследования – изучить биологические свойства штаммов ВБН, выделенных от диких птиц России, с акцентом на их репликативную активность и цитотоксическое действие в отношении опухолевых клеточных линий млекопитающих. В 2018–2021 гг. были собраны образцы от диких водоплавающих птиц, проведена изоляция вируса на куриных эмбрионах, определены титры в РГА и на клетках VeroE6. Для оценки цитотоксичности 19 штаммов использовали клеточные линии HeLa, SW13, RD, SKBR3, HEp‐2 и A549. Жизнеспособность клеток анализировали методом МТТ. Штаммы демонстрировали значительную вариабельность репликативной и цитотоксической активности. Наиболее выраженный цитопатический эффект отмечен в клетках SW‐13 и RD, тогда как линии SKBR‐3, HeLa и HEp‐2 проявляли более низкую чувствительность. Выделены штаммы с высоким и низким цитотоксическим потенциалом. Полученные данные подтверждают биологическую неоднородность природных изолятов ВБН и их различную способность к взаимодействию с клетками млекопитающих, что важно для оценки эпизоотического риска и дальнейшего изучения онколитического потенциала вируса.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) continues to be a significant pathogen of avian species, with wild migratory birds playing a pivotal role in its circulation and interregional dissemination. This study aimed to investigate the biological characteristics of NDV strains isolated from wild birds in Russia, focusing on their replication efficiency and cytotoxic activity against mammalian tumor cell lines. Between 2018 and 2021, 92 samples were collected from wild waterfowl, and viruses were subsequently isolated in embryonated chicken eggs. Viral titers were determined using hemagglutination assays and VeroE6 cell cultures. Cytotoxicity of 19 NDV strains was evaluated on HeLa, SW13, RD, SKBR3, HEp‐2, and A549 cell lines. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. The NDV strains exhibited substantial variability in both replication and cytotoxic activity. The most pronounced cytopathic effects were observed in SW13 and RD cells, whereas SKBR3, HeLa, and HEp‐2 cells displayed lower sensitivity. Strains with both high and low cytotoxic potential were identified, reflecting the heterogeneity of the isolates. These findings highlight the biological diversity of natural NDV isolates and their differential interactions with mammalian cells, which is relevant for assessing epizootic risk and exploring the virus’s potential as an oncolytic agent.

Вирус болезни Ньюкасладикие птицыцитопатическое действиеопухолевые клеточные линиирепликация вирусаNewcastle disease viruswild birdscytopathic effecttumor cell linesviral replicationРабота выполнена при поддержке гранта «Создание актуальной коллекции современных вирусов болезни Ньюкасла (ВБН) для разработки иммунологических биопрепаратов» РНФ № 24‐24‐00367The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant, Creation of an Up‐To‐Date Collection of Modern Newcastle Disease Viruses (NDV) for the Development of Immunological Biological Products» RSF № 24‐24‐00367ReferencesMalik Y.S. et al. Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviruses // Role of Birds in Transmitting Zoonotic Pathogens. Singapore: Springer Singapore. 2021. С. 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/978‐981‐16‐4554‐9_6Malik Y.S., Arun Prince Milton A., Ghatak S., Ghosh S. Newcastle Disease and Other Avian Paramyxoviruses. Role of Birds in Transmitting Zoonotic Pathogens. Livestock Diseases and Management. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.