ecodagЮг России: экология, развитиеSouth of Russia: ecology, development1992-10982413-0958State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan10.18470/1992-1098-2025-3-11ecodag-3524Research ArticleЭКОЛОГИЯECOLOGYРегенерационная и фотосинтетическая активность сортов винограда при засолении средыRegenerative and photosynthetic activity of grape varieties during salinisation of mediumhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5591-5529МамедоваК. К.MamedovaK. K.

Калимат К. Мамедова - старший преподаватель биологического факультета 

367000, г. Махачкала, ул. М. Гаджиева 43А. Тел. +79665000320

Kalimat K. Mamedova - Chief Lecturer, Faculty of Biology 

kalimat.mamedova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0956-7110ВласоваЕ. В.VlasovaE. V.

Елена В. Власова

Махачкала

Elena V. Vlasova

Makhachkala

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7722-7399АлиеваЗ. М.AlievaZ. M.

Зарина М. Алиева

Махачкала

Zarina M. Alieva 

Makhachkala

Дагестанский государственный университетDagestan State UniversityПрикаспийский институт биологических ресурсов ДФИЦ РАНCaspian Institute of Biological Resources, Russian Academy of Sciences202520112025203122132Copyright © Мамедова К.К., Власова Е.В., Алиева З.М., 20252025Мамедова К.К., Власова Е.В., Алиева З.М.Mamedova K.K., Vlasova E.V., Alieva Z.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/3524

Цель: изучение стрессоустойчивости сортов винограда путем оценки их ростовых параметров, пигментного состава и фотосинтетической активности в условиях NaCl засоления.Проведено измерение ростовых и регенерационных показателей у черенков сортов винограда в условиях солевого стресса, определение содержания фотосинтетических пигментов методом спектрофометрии, измерение флуоресценции РАМ‐флуорометрией. Наиболее высокими ростовыми и регенерационными показателями черенков в условиях солевого стресса (100 мМ NaCl) характеризовался сорт Августин. Максимальное содержание суммы хлорофиллов а и b отмечено у сортов Агадаи и Молдова. Исследования флуоресцентных параметров позволили оценить чувствительность фотосинтетического аппарата (ФСА) к действию стрессовых факторов. Наблюдаемая интенсификация фотохимического выхода фотосистемы 2 (ФС2) указывает на эффективную работу защитных механизмов, реализация которых приводит к устойчивости при засолении. Высокие показатели интенсивности фотосинтеза (Y (II)) коррелировали со скоростью переноса электронов по электронно‐транспортной цепи. У сорта Августин относительная скорость электронного транспорта опытных и контрольных образцов совпадали, у сорта Ркацители опытные превышали контрольные значения на 30 %, у сортов Агадаи и Молдова уступали им.В целом изменения в содержании фотосинтетических пигментов, эффективности работы фотосинтетического аппарата и продуктивности свидетельствуют об устойчивости изучаемых сортов к условиям засоления.

Aim. To study the stress resistance of grape varieties by evaluating their growth parameters, pigment composition and photosynthetic activity under conditions of NaCl salinity.Measurement of growth and regeneration parameters in grape cuttings under salt stress, determination of photosynthetic pigment content by spectrophotometry and measurement of fluorescence by PAM – fluorometry.The Augustine variety was characterizsed by the highest growth and regeneration rates of cuttings under salt stress (100 mM NaCl). The maximum amount of chlorophylls a and b was found in Agadai and Moldova varieties. Studies of the fluorescent parameters made it possible to assess the sensitivity of the photosynthetic apparatus (PSA) to the effects of stress factors. The intensification of the photochemical output of photosystem 2 (FS2) observed, indicates the effective operation of protective mechanisms and the implementation of which leads to stability during salinity. High rates of photosynthesis intensity (Y (II)) correlated with the rate of electron transfer along the electron transport chain. In the Augustine variety, the relative speed of electronic transport of the experimental and control samples coincided, in the Rkatsiteli variety they exceeded the control values by 30% and in the Agadai and Moldova varieties they were inferior to them. Overall, changes in the content of photosynthetic pigments and the efficiency of the work of the photosynthetic apparatus and productivity indicate the resistance of the studied varieties to salinisation conditions.

ЗасолениевиноградфотосинтезпигментыфлуоресценцияSalinisationgrapesphotosynthesispigmentsfluorescenceАвторы выражают благодарность коллективу ФГБНУ «Дагестанская селекционная опытная станция виноградарства и овощеводства» и лично д.б.н. Казахмедову Рамидину Эфендиевичу за предоставленный для исследований материал и ценные консультации.The authors express their gratitude to the staff of the Dagestan Breeding Experimental Station for Viticulture and Vegetable Growing and personally to Dr. Kazakhmedov Ramidin Efendievich for the material provided for research and for their valuable advice.ReferencesZhang Zh., Fan Ya., Zhang A., Jiao Zh. Baseline‐based soil salinity index (bssi): a novel remote sensing monitoring method of soil salinization // Ieee journal of selected topics in applied earth observations and remote sensing. 2023. N 16. Р. 202–214.Zhang Zh., Fan Ya., Zhang A., and Jiao Zh. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.