ecodagЮг России: экология, развитиеSouth of Russia: ecology, development1992-10982413-0958State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan10.18470/1992-1098-2025-3-6ecodag-3519Research ArticleЗООЛОГИЯZOOLOGYЭкологические и морфофункциональные особенности водяного оленя (Hydropotes inermis) – нового вида в фауне РоссииEcological and morphofunctional features of the water deer (Hydropotes inermis): A new species in the fauna of Russiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-958XЩелкановЕ. М.ShchelkanovE. M.

Егор М. Щелканов, студент, кафедра общей биологии и биоэкологии, факультет естественных наук

105005, г. Москва, ул. Радио, д. 10А. Тел. +79243215162

Egor M. Shchelkanov, Student, Department of General Biology and Bioecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences

10A, Radio str., Moscow, 105005. Tel. +79243215162

egorshchelkanov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3999-1924ЧерноваО. Ф.ChernovaO. F.

Ольга Ф. Чернова

Москва

Olga F. Chernova 

Moscow 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4537-4036МануковЮ. И.ManukovYu. I.

Юрий И. Мануков 

Москва 

Yuri I. Manukov 

Moscow 

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8827-728XПанкратовД. В.PankratovD. V.

Дмитрий В. Панкратов 

Владивосток 

Dmitry V. Pankratov 

Vladivostok 

Государственный университет просвещенияRussian FederationИнститут проблем экологии и эволюции им. А.Н. Северцова РАНA.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of SciencesГосударственный университет просвещенияState University of EducationНаучно‐исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Г.П. Сомова РоспотребнадзораG.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of Rospotrebnadzor2025201120252036681Copyright © Щелканов Е.М., Чернова О.Ф., Мануков Ю.И., Панкратов Д.В., 20252025Щелканов Е.М., Чернова О.Ф., Мануков Ю.И., Панкратов Д.В.Shchelkanov E.M., Chernova O.F., Manukov Y.I., Pankratov D.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/3519

Цель: обобщить имеющиеся данные по экологии и морфологии водяного оленя (Hydropotes inermis Swinhoe, 1870).Водяной олень является наиболее примитивным в составе семейства оленевых (Cervidae Goldfuss, 1820) и имеет наибольшее морфологическое сходство с вымершими дремотериинами. Филогенетическое древо митохондриального гена цитохрома b показывает близость водяного оленя с косулями (Capreolus Gray, 1821) и мунтжаками (Muntiacus Rafinesque, 1815). Ряд морфофунк‐ циональных характеристик водяного оленя способствуют его обитанию в переувлажненных биотопах. Современный ареал H. inermis фрагментирован: китайский подвид обитает в нижнем течении реки Янцзы, корейский – на Корейском п‐ве и активно расширяет свой ареал на сопредельные территории. В работе обсуждается экспансия водяного оленя на юг Приморского края, приводятся данные о питании, размножении и динамике численности здесь этого вида, а также потенциальные проблемы в сфере биологической безопасности.На юге Приморья сформировалась устойчивая популяция водяного оленя, численность которой продолжает увеличиваться благодаря высокой продуктивности этого вида, наличию достаточной кормовой базы, мест для укрытий и последовательно совершенствуемой системе охраны природных территорий в России, КНР и КНДР. Водяной олень может рассматриваться как резервный элемент кормового ресурса для краснокнижных крупных кошачьих. Необходимо активизировать зоологические исследования этого вида и обязательно сочетать их с комплексным эколого‐вирусологическим и паразитологическим мониторингом.

Aim. To summarise the available data on the ecology and morphology of the water deer (Hydropotes inermis Swinhoe, 1870).The water deer is the most primitive in the deer family (Cervidae Goldfuss, 1820) and has the greatest morphological similarity with the extinct Dremotheriinae. A phylogenetic tree of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene shows the proximity of the water deer to roe deer (Capreolus Gray, 1821) and muntjacs (Muntiacus Rafinesque, 1815). A number of morphofunctional characteristics of the water deer contribute to its habitat in waterlogged habitats. The modern range of H. inermis is fragmented: the Chinese subspecies inhabits the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, while the Korean one – on the Korean Peninsula is actively expanding its range to the adjacent territories. The paper discusses the expansion of the water deer in the south of the Primorsky krai, provides data on the nutrition, reproduction and population dynamics of this species here as well as potential problems in the field of biosafety.A stable population of water deer has formed in the south of the Primorsky krai. The size of this population continues to increase due to the high productivity of this species, the availability of sufficient fodder, places for shelters and the consistently improved system of protection of natural territories in Russia, China and North Korea. The water deer can be considered as a reserve element of the food resource for the large felines of IUNC Red List. It is necessary to intensify zoological studies of this species and combine them with comprehensive ecological, virological and parasitological monitoring.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.