ecodagЮг России: экология, развитиеSouth of Russia: ecology, development1992-10982413-0958State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan10.18470/1992-1098-2025-3-2ecodag-3515Research ArticleВИРУСОЛОГИЯVIROLOGYОпыт организации мониторинга вирусов диких животных, потенциально опасных для человека и сельскохозяйственных животных: организация сбора полевого материалаExperience in organizing monitoring of wild animal viruses potentially dangerous to humans and farm animals: The specifics of organization of field material samplinghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0015-9305АлексеевА. Ю.AlekseevA. Yu.

Александр Ю. Алексеев, кандидат биологических наук, доцент, руководитель лаборатории экспериментальной биологии патогенных микроорганизмов

630060, г. Новосибирск, ул. Тимакова, 2, Тел. +73832749423 

Alexander Yu. Alekseev, PhD, Associate Professor, Head, Laboratory of Experimental Biology of Pathogenic Microorganisms

2 Timakova St., Novosibirsk, 630060. Tel. +73832749423

ayalekseev@frcftm.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7359-1951ГаджиевА. А.GadzhievA. А.

Алимурад А. Гаджиев

Махачкала

Alimurad А. Gadzhiev

Makhachkala

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3946-9872ШаршовК. А.SharshovK. А.

Кирилл А. Шаршов 

Новосибирск 

Kirill А. Sharshov 

Novosibirsk 

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3945-5339ГуляеваМ. А.GulyaevaM. A.

Марина А. Гуляева 

Новосибирск 

Marina A. Gulyaeva 

Novosibirsk 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6301-9169МацвайА. Д.MatsvayA. D.

Алина Д. Мацвай 

Москва

Alina D. Matsvay

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3668-6601ШипулинГ. А.ShipulinG. А.

Герман А. Шипулин 

Москва

German А. Shipulin 

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9734-0620ШестопаловА. М.ShestopalovA. М.

Александр М. Шестопалов

Новосибирск

Alexander М. Shestopalov 

Novosibirsk

НИИ вирусологии, Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины ; Дагестанский государственный университетResearch Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine ; Dagestan State UniversityДагестанский государственный университетDagestan State University, MakhachkalaНИИ вирусологии, Федеральный исследовательский центр фундаментальной и трансляционной медициныResearch Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational MedicineЦентр стратегического планирования и управления медико‐биологическими рисками здоровью ФМБАCentre for Strategic Planning, Federal Medical and Biological agency2025201120252032536Copyright © Алексеев А.Ю., Гаджиев А.А., Шаршов К.А., Гуляева М.А., Мацвай А.Д., Шипулин Г.А., Шестопалов А.М., 20252025Алексеев А.Ю., Гаджиев А.А., Шаршов К.А., Гуляева М.А., Мацвай А.Д., Шипулин Г.А., Шестопалов А.М.Alekseev A.Y., Gadzhiev A.А., Sharshov K.А., Gulyaeva M.A., Matsvay A.D., Shipulin G.А., Shestopalov A.М.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/3515

Цель. Дикие животные представляют собой важный природный резервуар для опасных вирусов. Их миграция и взаимодействие с домашними или сельскохозяйственными животными и человеком, создают условия для передачи и распространения зоонозных инфекций. Это подчеркивает важность и необходимость мониторинга и исследований в этой области для предотвращения потенциальных вспышек заболеваний человека и животных. В связи с этим встает важный вопрос, как правильно организовать сбор образцов от диких животных, поскольку это первый и наиболее важный этап мониторинга за патогенами и в зависимости от его оптимального выполнения мы получим в дальнейшем адекватные результаты о вирусных патогенах, заносимых или циркулирующих на исследуемой территории.В данной аналитической работе мы постарались обобщить наш двадцатипятилетний опыт изучения вирусных патогенов у диких животных практически на всей территории России. Обоснован выбор ключевых мест сбора образцов (локаций) для мониторинга за зоонозными инфекциями у летучих мышей и птиц. Определены периоды для основного сбора образцов, в зависимости от региона. Описаны критерии выбора списка видов птиц и летучих мышей и количества отбираемых образцов.Сбор полевого материала от объектов живой природы является базовой и очень важной для мониторинговых исследований по циркуляции вирусных патогенов у диких животных задачей. Неправильный сбор может привести к ошибочным результатам и соответственно к неправильным выводам о наличии потенциально опасных вирусов на обследуемой территории.

Aim. Wild animals serve as an important natural reservoir for dangerous viruses. Their migration and interaction with domestic or farm animals and also humans may create conditions for the transmission and spreading of zoonotic infections. This emphasises the importance and necessity of monitoring and research in this area for potential outbreaks of human and animal diseases for prevention. In this regard, an important question arises of how to organize properly the sampling from wild animals. This is the first and the most important stage of monitoring for pathogens and, depending on its optimal implementation, we will subsequently receive adequate results on viral pathogens introduced or circulating in the study area.In this analytical work, we tried to summarise our twenty‐five years of experience in studying viral pathogens in wild animals throughout almost the entire territory of Russia. The choice of key sampling sites (locations) for monitoring zoonotic infections in bats and birds is substantiated. Depending on the region, the periods for the principal sampling activities are determined. The criteria for selecting a list of bird and bat species and the number of collecting samples are described.Collection of field material from wildlife is a basic and very important task for monitoring the circulation of viral pathogens in wild animals. Inadequate collection methods can lead to erroneous results and, accordingly, to erroneous conclusions about the presence of potentially dangerous viruses in the surveyed area surveyed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.