ecodagЮг России: экология, развитиеSouth of Russia: ecology, development1992-10982413-0958State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan10.18470/1992-1098-2025-2-10ecodag-3444Research ArticleБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РЕСУРСЫBIOLOGICAL RESOURCESФитопатологический скрининг и идентификация генов Lr в сортах пшеницы и тритикале озимых российской селекцииPhytopathological screening and identification of Lr genes in wheat varieties and winter triticale of Russian selectionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7296-3565РуденкоВ. Д.RudenkoV. D.

Валерия Р. Руденко, аспирант, научный сотрудник лаборатории иммунитета растений к болезням, ФГБНУ ФНЦБЗР

350040 г. Краснодар, ул. Калинина, 62. Тел. +79181486565

Valeria R. Rudenko, postgraduate student, researcher, Laboratory of Plant Immunity to Diseases, Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection

62 Kalinina St, Krasnodar, Russia 350040. Tel. +79181486565

agapovaleraa@ya.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-2610ВолковаГ. В.VolkovaG. V.

Галина В. Волкова

Краснодар

Galina V. Volkova

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0568-4312КудиноваО. А.KudinovaO. A.

Ольга А. Кудинова

Краснодар

Olga A. Kudinova

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2345-2643ВагановаО. Ф.VaganovaO. F.

Ольга Ф. Ваганова

Краснодар

Olga F. Vaganova

Krasnodar

Федеральный научный центр биологической защиты растенийFederal Research Centre of Biological Plant Protection202525072025202125139Copyright © Руденко В.Д., Волкова Г.В., Кудинова О.А., Ваганова О.Ф., 20252025Руденко В.Д., Волкова Г.В., Кудинова О.А., Ваганова О.Ф.Rudenko V.D., Volkova G.V., Kudinova O.A., Vaganova O.F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/3444

Цель – фитопатологическая оценка перспективных сортов пшеницы и тритикале озимых к возбудителю бурой ржавчины и идентификация в них генов устойчивости.

Материалом для исследования являлись 15 сортов пшеницы и тритикале озимых отечественной селекции. Критериями устойчивости к бурой ржавчине служили: тип реакции (балл) и степень поражения (%), площадь под кривой развития болезни (ПКРБ, у.е.) и индекс устойчивости (ИУ). Для идентификации Lr-генов использовали фитопатологическое тестирование и молекулярные маркеры.

Сорт тритикале Арго был абсолютно устойчив (0). Высокоустойчивыми являлись сорта тритикале Азнавур и Аргус, а также сорта пшеницы: Богема, Вольный Дон, Жаворонок, Кавалерка, Караван, Секлетия. К умеренно устойчивым отнесли шесть сортов пшеницы: Акапелла, Арсенал, Былина Дона, Вольница, Каролина 5, Корона. Сорта с расоспецифическим типом устойчивости составили 73 % изученных. С использованием молекулярных маркеров идентифицировали ген возрастной устойчивости Lr34 в сорте тритикале Арго и сортах пшеницы: Акапелла, Арсенал, Вольница, Вольный Дон, Жаворонок, Каролина 5, Корона, Секлетия. Lr18 был найден в двух сортах тритикале (Азнавур и Арго). С помощью фитопатологического тестирования было выявлено большинство неэффективных генов, за исключением Lr36, который является эффективным и постулирован в сортах пшеницы Богема, Вольный Дон, Жаворонок, а ген Lr17 – умеренноэффективным и выявлен в сорте Вольница.

Полученные данные важно учитывать в региональных селекционных программах и применять для научно обоснованного размещения сортов в производственных посевах.

Aim. Phytopathological assessment of leaf rust resistance and identification of Lr genes in 15 zoned varieties of wheat and winter triticale.

The material for the study was 15 varieties of winter wheat and triticale of domestic selection. The criteria for resistance to leaf rust were: type of reaction (score) and degree of damage (%), area under the disease development curve (ADDC, a.u.) and resistance index (RI). Phytopathological testing and molecular markers were used to identify genes.

The triticale variety Argo was absolutely resistant (0). Triticale varieties Aznavur and Argus were highly resistant, as well as wheat varieties, Bogema, Volny Don, Zhavoronok, Kavalerka, Karavan and Sekletiya. Six wheat varieties were classified as moderately resistant: Akapella, Arsenal, Bylina Dona, Volnitsa, Karolina 5 and Korona. Varieties with a race-specific type of resistance accounted for 73 % of those studied. Using molecular markers, the age resistance gene Lr34 was identified in the triticale variety Argo and wheat varieties, Akapella, Arsenal, Vol'nica, Vol'nyj Don, Zhavoronok, Karolina 5, Korona and Sekletiya. Lr18 was found in two triticale varieties, Aznavur and Argo). Using phytopathological testing, most of the ineffective genes were identified under field conditions, with the exception of Lr36, which is effective and postulated in the wheat varieties Bogema, Volny Don, Zhavoronok, and the Lr17 gene is moderately effective and was identified in the Volnitsa variety.

It is important to take the data obtained here into account in regional breeding programmes and apply them for scientifically based placement of varieties in industrial crops.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.