ecodagЮг России: экология, развитиеSouth of Russia: ecology, development1992-10982413-0958State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan10.18470/1992-1098-2024-3-8ecodag-3224Research ArticleЭКОЛОГИЯECOLOGYСоставы биопестицидов для защиты сельскохозяйственных культур – современное состояние и перспективы (обзор)Composition of biopesticides for crop protection – current state and prospects (review)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-2323ХомякА. И.HomyakA. I.

Анна И. Хомяк, научный сотрудник 

350039 г. Краснодар, п/о‐39. Тел. +79673115810 

Anna I. Homyak, researcher 

350039, Krasnodar, o/o‐39. Tel. +79673115810

HomyakAI87@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0060-1995АсатуроваА. М.AsaturovaA. M.

Анжела М. Асатурова 

Краснодар 

Anzhela M. Asaturova 

Krasnodar 

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр биологической защиты растений»РоссияFederal Scientific Centre of Biological Plant Protection»Russian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр биологической защиты растений»РоссияFederal Scientific Centre of Biological Plant Protection»Russian Federation2024211020241938396Copyright © Хомяк А.И., Асатурова А.М., 20242024Хомяк А.И., Асатурова А.М.Homyak A.I., Asaturova A.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/3224

Цель: обобщить и проанализировать доступную информацию об исследованиях в области составов биопестицидов, которые направлены на усиление их эффективности, и оценить перспективы развития данного направления, для определения влияния компонентов на эффективность биопестицидов для защиты сельскохозяйственных культур.

В данной обзорной статье на основе системного анализа приведены результаты исследований компонентов, входящих в составы биопестицидов на основе микроорганизмов. Отмечено, что выбор компонентов биопестицидов необходимо осуществлять согласно требованиям, предъявляемым к продукции, рекомендованной для применения в системах экологического и органического земледелия. Указано, что выбор оптимальной рецептуры связан как с особенностями штаммов‐продуцентов, их трофических потребностей и устойчивости по отношению к биотическим и абиотическим факторам, так и с особенностями технологии применения биопестицида (обработка семян, внесение в грунт или обработка растений в процессе вегетации), а также типом применяемой аппаратуры.

Знание основных требований, предъявляемых к препаративным формам биопестицидам, позволит поддерживать жизнеспособность и биологическую активность микробных агентов при хранении биопестицидов, учитывая чувствительность штаммов‐продуцентов к условиям окружающей среды. Подбор оптимальных носителей, прилипателей, стабилизаторов, загустителей и синергистов с учетом технологии применения биопестицида и патогена‐мишени будет способствовать разработке и появлению на рынке новых биопестицидов для защиты сельскохозяйственных культур от болезней.

Aim. To summarise and analyse available information on research into biopesticide compositions aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to assess prospects for the development of this field so as to determine the influence of components on the effectiveness of biopesticides for agricultural crop protection.

This review article presents the results of studies of components included in the compositions of microorganism‐based biopesticides based on a system analysis. It is noted that the selection of biopesticide components must be carried out in accordance with the requirements for products recommended for use in ecological and organic farming systems. It is indicated that the choice of optimal formulation is associated with the characteristics of the producer strains, their trophic needs and resistance to biotic and abiotic factors and with the characteristics of the biopesticide application technology (seed treatment, application to the soil or treatment of plants during vegetation), as well as the type of equipment used.

Knowledge of the basic requirements for biopesticide formulations will help maintain the viability and biological activity of microbial agents during storage of biopesticides, taking into account the sensitivity of producer strains to environmental conditions. Selection of optimal carriers, adhesives, stabilisers, thickeners and synergists, taking into account the technology of application of the biopesticide and the target pathogen, will facilitate the development and appearance on the market of new biopesticides for protecting agricultural crops from diseases.

Биопестицидпрепаративная формасрок храненияконсервантприлипательносительBiopesticidepreparative formshelf lifepreservativeadhesivecarrierИсследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Кубанского научного фонда в рамках научно‐инновационного проекта № НИП‐20.1/22.9 «Оптимизация состава и препаративной формы нового биопрепарата на основе штамма B. subtilis BZR 336g для защиты сельскохозяйственных культур». Автор благодарит рецензентов за их вклад в экспертную оценку этой работы.The research was carried out with the financial support of the Kuban Science Foundation in the framework of the scientific and innovation project Num. NIP‐20.1/22.9 project "Optimization of the Composition and Preparative Form of a New Biological Product Based on the B. subtilis BZR 336g Strain for Crop Protection. The author thanks the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.ReferencesАзизбекян Р.Р. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.