ecodagЮг России: экология, развитиеSouth of Russia: ecology, development1992-10982413-0958State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan10.18470/1992-1098-2024-2-12ecodag-3156Research ArticleГЕОЭКОЛОГИЯGEOECOLOGYМетоды анализа и мониторинга тяжелых металлов в окружающей средеMethods for analysis and monitoring of heavy metals in the environmenthttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7126-276XЦыганковаА. Р.TsygankovaA. R.

Альфия Р. Цыганкова, к.х.н., с.н.с. ИНХ СО РАН, н.с. НИОХ СО РАН, доцент кафедры аналитической химии НГУ

630090, Новосибирск, Пр. Ак. Лаврентьева 3

Тел. +79130037744

Alphiya R. Tsygankova, Ph.D., Senior Researcher;

Researcher, Research Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Associate Professor, Department of Analytical Chemistry

3 Ak. Lavrentieva Ave, Novosibirsk, 630090

Tel. +79130037744

alphiya@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-3466-9791ГуляевС. А.GulyaevS. A.

Сергей А. Гуляев

Новосибирск

Sergey A. Gulyaev

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6412-3622АдаменкоЛ. С.AdamenkoL. S.

Любовь С. Адаменко

Новосибирск

Lyubov S. Adamenko

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9833-6060ШестопаловМ. А.ShestopalovM. A.

Михаил А. Шестопалов

Новосибирск

Michael A. Shestopalov

Novosibirsk

Институт неорганической химии им. А.В. Николаева СО РАН; Новосибирский государственный университет; Новосибирский институт органической химии им. Н.Н. Ворожцова СО РАНРоссияNikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University; N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут неорганической химии им. А.В. Николаева СО РАН; Новосибирский государственный университетРоссияNikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State UniversityRussian FederationФедеральный исследовательский центр Фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины, НИИ ВирусологииРоссияResearch Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут неорганической химии им. А.В. Николаева СО РАН; Федеральный исследовательский центр Фундаментальной и трансляционной медицины, НИИ ВирусологииРоссияNikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202422072024192131146Copyright © Цыганкова А.Р., Гуляев С.А., Адаменко Л.С., Шестопалов М.А., 20242024Цыганкова А.Р., Гуляев С.А., Адаменко Л.С., Шестопалов М.А.Tsygankova A.R., Gulyaev S.A., Adamenko L.S., Shestopalov M.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/3156

Данный обзор посвящен современным инструментальным методам анализа, которые обеспечивают низкие пределы обнаружения для широкого списка элементов. Некоторые элементы имеют свои токсичные формы присутствия, определение которых имеет особенную важность. Содержанию кадмия и свинца исследователи уделяют повышенное внимание, вследствие их высокой мгновенной и отложенной токсичности. Следует отметить, что те инструментальные методы анализа, которые применяют при определении этих важных экотоксикантов, зачастую, применяют и при определении других тяжёлых металлов. Рассмотрены следующие объекты анализа – природные, речные, морские воды; рассолы; донные отложения; растения, в том числе лекарственные; осадки; почвы; а также цельная кровь и сыворотка крови; волосы и шерсть животных; органы и ткани животных. Рассмотрены и сравнены возможности современных инструментальных методов анализа при определении тяжелых металлов и важных экотоксикантов – одноэлементные (ЭТААС, ИВА и др.) и многоэлементные (АЭС ИСП, МС ИСП, РФА и др.). Данные структурированы в виде таблицы, где приведены конкретные методики анализа с указанием способа пробоподготовки и/или особенностей инструментального определения, список определяемых элементов и пределы обнаружения для них.Отдельное внимание уделено устранению матричных влияний и снижению пределов обнаружения применением процедур концентрирования. Рассмотрены различные виды экстракции, сорбции, осаждения, химической трансформации (гидридогенерация и др.) применены для биологических объектов и объектов окружающей среды.

This review surveys capabilities of modern instrumental analytical methods that provide low limits of detection for a wide range of elements. Some elements have their own toxic forms, so their identification is of particular importance. Researchers pay increased attention to the content of cadmium and lead due to their high immediate and delayed toxicity.It should be noted that those instrumental methods of analysis that are used to determine these important ecotoxicants are often used to determine other heavy metals. The following objects of analysis are considered – natural, river, sea waters; brines; bottom sediments; plants, including medicinal ones; precipitation; soil; as well as whole blood and blood serum; hair and animal fur; animal organs and tissues. Special attention is paid to eliminating matrix influences and reducing limits of detection using concentration procedures. Various types of extraction, sorption, precipitation, chemical transformation (hydride generation, etc.) are considered and applied to biological and environmental objects.The capabilities of modern instrumental methods of analysis for the determination of heavy metals and important ecotoxicants are considered and compared – single‐element (ETAAS, IVA, etc.) and multi‐element (ICP AES, ICP MS, XRF, etc.). The data is structured in the form of a table, which shows specific analysis methods, indicating the method of sample preparation and/or features of instrumental determination, a list of elements to be determined and the limits of detection.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.