ecodagЮг России: экология, развитиеSouth of Russia: ecology, development1992-10982413-0958State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan10.18470/1992-1098-2024-2-6ecodag-3150Research ArticleЭКОЛОГИЯECOLOGYЗимняя спячка млекопитающих как стратегия адаптации к неблагоприятным факторам средыMammal hibernation as a strategy for adaptation to unfavorable environmental conditionshttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-1910-6296БейбалаеваА. К.BeibalaevaA. K.

Айна К. Бейбалаева

367000, г. Махачкала, Республика Дагестан, ул. Гаджиева, 43а

Aina K. Beibalaeva

43a M. Gadzhiev St, Makhachkala, 367000

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-2070ЧалабовШ. И.ChalabovSh. I.

Шамиль И. Чалабов

Санкт‐Петербург

Shamil I. Chalabov

St Petersburg

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9405-6552КличхановН. К.KlichkhanovN. K.

Нисред К. Кличханов, доктор биологических наук, профессор

367000, г. Махачкала, Республика Дагестан, ул. Гаджиева, 43а

Тел. +79288394950

Nisred K. Klichkhanov

Nisred K. Klichkhanov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Department of Biology

43a M. Gadzhiev St, Makhachkala, 367000

Tel. +79288394950

klich-khan@mail.ruДагестанский государственный университет; Прикаспийский институт биологических ресурсов Дагестанского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наукРоссияDagestan State University; Caspian Institute of Biological Resources, Dagestan Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова Российской академии наукРоссияSechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationДагестанский государственный университет; Автономная некоммерческая организация высшего образования «Научно‐клинический центр имени Башларова»РоссияDagestan State University; Bashlarov Scientific and Clinical Center named after BashlarovRussian Federation2024200720241925768Copyright © Бейбалаева А.К., Чалабов Ш.И., Кличханов Н.К., 20242024Бейбалаева А.К., Чалабов Ш.И., Кличханов Н.К.Beibalaeva A.K., Chalabov S.I., Klichkhanov N.K.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/3150

Цель: проанализировать имеющиеся литературные данные о путях выживания гетеротермных эндотермов в неблагоприятных экологических условиях, в периоды низкой доступности пищевых ресурсов.В статье приводятся данные о различиях суточной и сезонной гетеротермии. Выделены особенности подготовки к зимней спячке факультативных и облигатных гибернаторов. Рассмотрены гипотезы происхождения и эволюции гетеротермии. Обобщены наиболее вероятные причины периодических пробуждений животных от спячки в период гибернации. Значительное внимание уделено перестройке энергетического обмена в период зимней спячки – переходу от углеводного к липидному метаболизму. Проанализированы данные, свидетельствующие о значении жирных кислот, получаемых с пищей в активный летний период, как для синтеза запасных жиров, так и в регуляции самой спячки. Опираясь на данные о накоплении в тканях моноеновых жирных кислот в период спячки, высказано предположение об их адаптивном значении, направленном на ограничение окислительного стресса и сохранение жизненно важных функций клеток.Приведённые данные могут быть использованы как для проведения фундаментальных исследований адаптивных механизмов взаимодействия организма со средой, так и для решения практических задач, особенно при выборе моделей ограничения калорий или прерывистого голодания, а также изучения толерантности тканей к окислительному стрессу и устойчивости к повреждающему действию ишемии‐реперфузии.

To analyse the literature data on the survival pathways of heterothermic endotherms in unfavorable environmental conditions, during periods of low availability of food resources.The article provides data on the differences between daily and seasonal heterothermy. The features of preparation for hibernation in facultative and obligate hibernators are highlighted. Hypotheses of the origin and evolution of heterothermy are considered. The most probable causes of periodic awakenings of animals from hibernation during the hibernation period are summarised. Considerable attention is paid to the restructuring of energy metabolism during hibernation – the transition from carbohydrate to lipid metabolism. Data have been analysed indicating the importance of fatty acids obtained from food during the active summer period, both for the synthesis of reserve fats and in the regulation of hibernation. Based on data on the accumulation of monoenoic fatty acids in tissues during hibernation, it has been suggested that they have an adaptive significance aimed at limiting oxidative stress and preserving vital cell functions.The data presented can be used both for conducting fundamental research on the adaptive mechanisms of interaction of an organism with its environment, and for solving practical problems, especially when choosing models of calorie restriction or intermittent fasting, as well as studying tissue tolerance to oxidative stress and resistance to the damaging effects of ischemia – reperfusion.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.