д-р с.-х. наук, профессор, «Астраханский Государственный Технический Университет», зав. кафедрой «Гидробиологии и общей экологии», 414056 Астраханская облась, г. Астрахань, ул.Татищева, 16
doctor of agricultural Sciences, Professor, Astrakhan State Technical University", head. the Department of Hydrobiology and General ecology", 414056 Astrakhan region, , Astrakhan, street Tatishchev, 16
аспирант, ФГУП «Каспийский Научный Институт Рыбного Хозяйства», Астрахань, младший научный сотрудник, 414056 Астраханская облась, г. Астрахань, ул. Савушкина, 1 8 927 552 71 25
graduate student, Federal state unitary enterprise "Caspian Research Institute of Fisheries", Astrakhan, Junior research fellow, 414056 Astrakhan region, was Astrakhan, Savushkina street, 1 8 927 552 71 25
Представлены результаты исследований оценки экологического состояния дельты Волги по структуре донных сообществ, выполненных в рамках научных исследований ФГУП «КаспНИРХ» за период с 2010 по 2013 г.г. В ходе работ определяли количественные и качественные характеристики зообентоса, индекс видового разнообразия (H), модифицированный БИ Вудивисса, олигохетный индекс Пареле D1. Результаты исследований показали, что в бентосном сообществе водотоков дельты р. Волги ведущее положение занимают организмы наиболее интенсивно участвующие в процессах самоочищения водоема (β и β-α-мезосапробы), что характеризует качество исследуемых вод как «Слабо-загрязненная» и «Загрязненная». Картина распределения количественных показателей зообентоса дельты Волги в среднемноголетнем аспекте носила неравномерных характер, с проявлением четкой тенденцию к снижению их значений от восточной части дельты (р. Волга) к западной (рук. Бахтемир).
Aim. The assessment of the ecological status of watercourses of Delta of the Volga River on the structure of benthic communities. The main objective of our researches was the assess the ecological status of watercourses of Delta of the Volga River on the basis of the analyzes of the structural-functional characteristics of benthic communities.
Location. Delta of the Volga River was the area of researches.
Methods. Processing samples of zoobenthos of the studied watercourses of Delta of the Volga River was produced according to standard techniques. (Zhadan V.I.,1960, Vinberg G.G., 1984, Abakumov V.A., 1992). Altogether were selected and processed 516 samples of zoobenthos. Species identification was done using the "Atlas of invertebrates of the Caspian Sea" (Birshtein A.Ya., 1968)and “The determinant to freshwater invertebrates…” (Kutikova L.A., 1977). Next, based on the obtained data, we determined the abundance and biomass of species per m2 surface area of the bottom. To the assessment of the ecological status of watercourses of Delta of the Volga River by the structure of microzoobenthos we used the following indicators: number of species, abundance (N, specimens/m2), biomass (B, g/m2), percentage of principal taxonomic groups, oligogenic index of Parele (D1) (Parele E. A., 1974), biotic index of Wudiwiss in the modification of Nasibulina (B) (Nasibulina B. M., 1995), the index of species diversity of Shannon-Uiver (H, bit/copy) (Shitikov V. K., 2003).
Results. The obtained results of the assessment of the ecological status of watercourses in the Delta of the Volga River by the structure of benthic communities show that the same species having in different water bodies their different representation and structural-functional characteristics were the kernel of bottom fauna. According to the values of the modified biotic index of Wudiwiss and oligochaetae index of Parele calculated for the whole period of studies, the water quality in the Volga River (from Barbasi to water-post, Astrakhan), and the sleeves Buzan and Akhtuba was characterized as "slightly contaminated"with the dominance of β-mesosaprobic organisms. n the sleeveless Bushma, Kizan', Bakhtemir characterised as "polluted" with a predominance of β-α-mesosaprobic. The picture of the distribution of quantitative indicators of zoobenthos in the Delta of the Volga River in average perennial aspect had uneven character, with the manifestation of a clear trend to decreasing their values from the Eastern part of the Delta (the Volga River) to the West (the sleeve Bakhtemir).
Main conclusions. Thereby, on the basis of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of zoobenthos and calculated biological indices it was noted that the water quality of watercourses in the Delta of the Volga River can be characterized as "Slightly contaminated and "Polluted". In the average perennial aspect in the watercourses of Delta of the Volga River was observed uneven distribution of quantitative indicators of zoobenthos with the manifestation of a clear trend to decreasing their values from the Eastern part of the Delta to the West.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.