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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecodag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Юг России: экология, развитие</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South of Russia: ecology, development</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-1098</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-0958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-125-133</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecodag-2999</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОЛОГИЯ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вклад рекомбинационной изменчивости ВИЧ в формирование популяции ВИЧ‐1, циркулирующих в Приморском крае</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of recombination variability to the formation of the population the HIV‐1 population circulating in the Primorsky Krai, Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1765-1909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халиков</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Halikov</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Р. Халиков</p><p>Новосибирская область</p><p>Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim R. Halikov</p><p>Novosibirsk region</p><p>Koltsovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0465-1260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Екушов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ekushov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Василий Е. Екушов</p><p>Новосибирская область</p><p>Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasily E. Ekushov</p><p>Novosibirsk region</p><p>Koltsovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7418-4872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тотменин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Totmenin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей В. Тотменин</p><p>Новосибирская область</p><p>Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexei V. Totmenin</p><p>Novosibirsk region</p><p>Koltsovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5896-8231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Готфрид</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gotfrid</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Г. Готфрид</p><p>Новосибирская область</p><p>Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila G. Gotfrid</p><p>Novosibirsk region</p><p>Koltsovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8466-2826</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скляр</surname><given-names>Л. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sklyar</surname><given-names>L. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лидия Ф. Скляр</p><p>Приморский край</p><p>Владивосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lidiya F. Sklyar</p><p>Primorsky Krai</p><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4171-5093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьева</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloveva</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья П. Соловьева</p><p>Приморский край</p><p>Владивосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia P. Soloveva</p><p>Primorsky Krai</p><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8860-2828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сердцева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serdtseva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Н. Сердцева</p><p>Приморский край</p><p>Владивосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Serdtseva</p><p>Primorsky Krai</p><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8884-8579</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпортова</surname><given-names>М. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shportova</surname><given-names>M. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина И. Шпортова</p><p>Приморский край</p><p>Владивосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina I. Shportova</p><p>Primorsky Krai</p><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0704-4439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынченко</surname><given-names>Ж. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynchenko</surname><given-names>Zh. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жанна А. Мартынченко</p><p>Приморский край</p><p>Владивосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna A. Martynchenko</p><p>Primorsky Krai</p><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8099-1267</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бениова</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beniova</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Н. Бениова</p><p>Приморский край</p><p>Владивосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana N. Beniova</p><p>Primorsky Krai</p><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7445-7252</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермолицкая</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermolickaja</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана А. Ермолицкая</p><p>Приморский край</p><p>Владивосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Ermolickaja</p><p>Primorsky Krai</p><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4635-4678</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелова</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelova</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина С. Горелова</p><p>Приморский край</p><p>Владивосток</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina S. Gorelova</p><p>Primorsky Krai</p><p>Vladivostok</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-0880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гашникова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gashnikova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья М. Гашникова,  кандидат биологических наук</p><p>630559</p><p>Новосибирская область</p><p>Кольцово</p><p>Тел. +79139405479</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya M. Gashnikova, Ph.D.</p><p>Novosibirsk region</p><p>Koltsovo</p><p>Tel. +79139405479</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nmgashnikova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное бюджетное учреждение науки Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">State Research Centre of Virology and Biotechnology, Vector<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Краевая клиническая больница № 2», Центр по профилактике и борьбе со СПИД<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Regional Clinical Hospital No 2, Centre for Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Халиков М.Р., Екушов В.Е., Тотменин А.В., Готфрид Л.Г., Скляр Л.Ф., Соловьева Н.П., Сердцева Е.Н., Шпортова М.И., Мартынченко Ж.А., Бениова С.Н., Ермолицкая С.А., Горелова И.С., Гашникова Н.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Халиков М.Р., Екушов В.Е., Тотменин А.В., Готфрид Л.Г., Скляр Л.Ф., Соловьева Н.П., Сердцева Е.Н., Шпортова М.И., Мартынченко Ж.А., Бениова С.Н., Ермолицкая С.А., Горелова И.С., Гашникова Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Halikov M.R., Ekushov V.E., Totmenin A.V., Gotfrid L.G., Sklyar L.F., Soloveva N.P., Serdtseva E.N., Shportova M.I., Martynchenko Z.A., Beniova S.N., Ermolickaja S.A., Gorelova I.S., Gashnikova N.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2999">https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2999</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Цель</title><p>   Цель. Исследовать молекулярно‐эпидемиологические особенности территориального распространения ВИЧ‐инфекции и влияние рекомбинационной изменчивости на формирование популяции ВИЧ‐1 в Приморском крае.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. Выполнен комплексный анализ молекулярно‐генетических характеристик ВИЧ‐1 и клинико‐эпидемиологических данных 127 ВИЧ‐инфицированных жителей Приморского края. Нуклеотидные последовательности области гена pol, кодирующей протеазу, обратную транскриптазу и интегразу, ВИЧ‐1 получали  секвенированием амплифицированных фрагментов вируса. Генотипирование, филогенетический и мутационный анализы проводили с использованием специализированных программных ресурсов.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. В изученной выборке ВИЧ‐1, выделенных в Приморском крае, выявлено доминирование ВИЧ‐1 субтипа A6 – 40,9 %. Зарегистрирована высокая по сравнению с другими российскими регионами распространенность вирусов субтипа B – 29,9 %. ВИЧ‐1 субтипа С найден в 6,3 % исследованных образцов; циркулирующие рекомбинантные формы CRF63_02A6 – в 6,3 %, CRF02_AG – в 0,8 %. Уникальные вирусы, возникшие в результате рекомбинации ВИЧ субтипов А6 и В, А6 и С, С и В, были найдены в 15,7 % случаев (URF_А6С, URF_CB, URF_BA6). Из 18 описанных URF ВИЧ‐1 14 являлись различными вариантами URF_А6С (11 %). Анализ почти полногеномных последовательностей (NFLG) URF_А6С позволил найти и описать новый распространяющийся в Приморье геновариант ВИЧ – CRF157_A6C.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Выполненный анализ циркулирующих в Приморском крае ВИЧ‐1 подтвердил, что на территории края развивается специфическая молекулярно‐эпидемическая ситуация, для которой характерна активная передача вирусов не только субтипа А6, но и субтипов В и С, чего не наблюдается в других регионах России. Впервые на Дальнем Востоке описана высокая частота встречаемости новых возникающих уникальных рекомбинантных форм ВИЧ‐1, отдельные варианты которых начинают распространяться среди жителей Приморского края. Увеличение генетической гетерогенности вирусной популяции за счет рекомбинационной изменчивости ВИЧ является негативным прогностическим фактором развития территориальной эпидемии ВИЧ‐инфекции на Дальнем Востоке страны.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Aim</title><p>   Aim. To research the molecular epidemiological features of the territorial spread of HIV infection and the influence of recombination variability on the formation of the HIV‐1 population in the Primorsky Krai, Russia.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and Methods</title><p>   Materials and Methods. A comprehensive analysis of the molecular genetic characteristics of HIV‐1 and clinical‐epidemiological data of 127 HIV‐infected residents of Primorsky Krai was performed. The nucleotide sequences of the pol gene region encoding protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase of HIV‐1 were obtained by the sequencing of amplified fragments of the virus. Genotyping, phylogenetic, and mutational analyses were performed using specialised software resources.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. In the samples studied of HIV‐1 isolated in the Primorsky Krai, the dominance of HIV‐1 subtype A6 was detected as 40.9 %. The prevalence of subtype B viruses is high compared to other Russian regions – 29.9 %. The HIV‐1 subtype C was found in 6.3 % of the samples studied; circulating recombinant forms CRF63_02A6 – 6.3 %, CRF02_AG – 0.8 %. Unique viruses resulting from the recombination of HIV subtypes A6 and B, A6 and C, C and B were found in 15.7 % of cases (URF_A6C, URF_CB, URF_BA6). Of the 18 HIV‐1 URFs described, 14 were variants of URF_A6C (11 %). Analysis of the near full‐length genome (NFLG) of URF_A6C made it possible to find and describe a new HIV genovariant spreading in Primorye ‐ CRF157_A6C.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. The analysis of HIV‐1 circulating in the Primorsky Krai confirmed that a specific molecular epidemic situation is developing in the region, which is characterized by active transmission of viruses not only of subtype A6, but also of subtypes B and C, which is not observed in other regions of Russia. For the first time in the Far East, a high frequency of HIV‐1 new unique recombinant forms occurrence has been described, some variants of which are beginning to spread among residents of the Primorsky Krai. An increase in the genetic heterogeneity of the viral population due to recombination variability of HIV is a negative prognostic factor for the territorial epidemic progress of HIV infection in the Far East.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ‐1</kwd><kwd>субтипы</kwd><kwd>филогенетический анализ</kwd><kwd>рекомбинационная изменчивость</kwd><kwd>рекомбинантные формы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV‐1</kwd><kwd>subtypes</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic analysis</kwd><kwd>recombination variability</kwd><kwd>recombinant forms</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках выполнения Государственного задания ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was carried out within the framework of the Vector State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology of Rospotrebnadzor</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Désiré N., Cerutti L., Le Hingrat Q., et al. 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