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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecodag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Юг России: экология, развитие</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South of Russia: ecology, development</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-1098</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-0958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18470/1992-1098-2023-4-114-124</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecodag-2998</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОЛОГИЯ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка пораженности крупного рогатого скота вирусом лейкоза в Республике Дагестан с помощью ПЦР‐диагностики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the incidence of leukemia virus (BLV) in cattle in the Republic of Dagestan using PCR diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9052-6427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабошко</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baboshko</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий А. Бабошко, аспирант, сотрудник отдела Ретровирусов</p><p>отдел Ретровирусов</p><p>630559</p><p>Новосибирская область</p><p>Новосибирск</p><p>Кольцово</p><p>Тел. +79831283892</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Baboshko, Postgraduate Student, employee</p><p>Department of Retroviruses</p><p>Novosibirsk region</p><p>Novosibirsk</p><p>Koltsovo</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">baboshko_da@vector.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6635-2642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елфимов</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Elfimov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирилл А. Елфимов</p><p>Новосибирская область</p><p>Новосибирск</p><p>Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill A. Elfimov</p><p>Novosibirsk region</p><p>Novosibirsk</p><p>Koltsovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0456-3698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Даудова</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Daudova</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мадина Г. Даудова</p><p>Махачкала</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Madina G. Daudova</p><p>Makhachkala</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4723-125X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Койчуев</surname><given-names>Х. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koychuev</surname><given-names>Kh. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халид Г. Койчуев</p><p>Махачкала</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khalid G. Koychuev</p><p>Makhachkala</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1588-039X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гапизова</surname><given-names>Х. Ф.‐К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gapizova</surname><given-names>Kh. F.‐K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хадижат Ф.‐К. Гапизова</p><p>Махачкала</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khadizhat F.‐K. Gapizova</p><p>Makhachkala</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-0880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гашникова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gashnikova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья М. Гашникова</p><p>Новосибирская область</p><p>Новосибирск</p><p>Кольцово</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya M. Gashnikova</p><p>Novosibirsk region</p><p>Novosibirsk</p><p>Koltsovo</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное бюджетное учреждение науки Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора; НГУ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Vector State Research Centre of Virology and Biotechnology; Novosibirsk State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное бюджетное учреждение науки Государственный научный центр вирусологии и биотехнологии «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Vector State Research Centre of Virology and Biotechnology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Дагестанский государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Dagestan State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>114</fpage><lpage>124</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабошко Д.А., Елфимов К.А., Даудова М.Г., Койчуев Х.Г., Гапизова Х.Ф., Гашникова Н.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабошко Д.А., Елфимов К.А., Даудова М.Г., Койчуев Х.Г., Гапизова Х.Ф., Гашникова Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baboshko D.A., Elfimov K.A., Daudova M.G., Koychuev K.G., Gapizova K.F., Gashnikova N.M.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2998">https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2998</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Цель</title><p>   Цель. Оценка пораженности крупного рогатого скота вирусом лейкоза с помощью ПЦР‐диагностики в стадах Республики Дагестан и исследование молекулярно‐генетических характеристик циркулирующих вирусов.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. Исследовано 150 образцов крови КРС. ПЦР‐диагностику образцов на наличие вируса лейкоза крупного рогатого скота (ВЛКРС) проводили тест‐системой РеалБест‐Вет ДНК ВЛКРС и с лабораторным набором праймеров. Часть образцов была просеквенирована методом Сэнгера, выполнен их филогенетический анализ.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. Из 150 образцов положительными на наличие ВЛКРС оказались 24. В Унцукульском районе ни в одном из 16 образцов не выявлена ДНК ВЛКРС. В Карабудахкентском районе из 40 – в 2‐х (5 %), в Буйнакском – в 1 из 30 (3,3 %) и в Бабаюртовском – в 21 из 60 был обнаружен ВЛКРС (35 %). Для 13 ВЛКРС получены и расшифрованы фрагменты гена env размером 1000 п. н. Согласно филогенетичеcкому анализу 7 образцов ВЛКРС относятся к 7, а 6 – к 4 генотипу ВЛКРС. ВЛКРС 4 генотипа, выделенные в Бабаюртовском районе, кластеризуются с вирусами из Казахстана, вирусы 4 генотипа других хозяйств – с российскими ВЛКРС. Исследованные образцы 4 генотипа не образовывали общих кластеров. Для ВЛКРС 7 генотипа, выделенного в хозяйствах Бабаюртовского района, напротив, наблюдалось объединение последовательностей в один кластер генетически близких вирусов.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Выявлены существенные отличия в пораженности скота в хозяйствах Дагестана. Не обнаружено закономерностей регистрации случаев ВЛКРС с определенной породой КРС или с возрастом животного. Показано, что в республике циркулируют вирусы 7 и 4 генотипов. Для ВЛКРС 4 генотипа предполагается наличие разных путей его заноса в хозяйства, при этом связанные цепочки распространения вирусов не найдены. Для ВЛКРС 7 генотипа зарегистрирована передача вируса, что указывает на необходимость усиления мер профилактики лейкоза в хозяйстве.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Aim</title><p>   Aim. Assessment of the incidence of leukemia virus in cattle using PCR diagnostics in herds of the Republic of Dagestan and study of the molecular genetic characteristics of circulating viruses.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and Methods</title><p>   Materials and Methods. 150 cattle blood samples were examined. PCR diagnostics of samples for the presence of bovine leukosis virus (BLV) were carried out using the RealBest‐Vet DNA BLV test system and a laboratory set of primers. Some of the samples were sequenced using the Sanger method and their phylogenetic analysis was performed.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. Out of 150 samples, 24 samples were positive for the presence of BLV. In the Untsukulskiy district, no BLV DNA was detected in any of the 16 samples. In the Karabudakhkentskiy district out of 40 – in 2 (5 %), in Buynakskiy district – in 1 out of 30 (3.3 %) and in Babayurtovskiy district–in 21 out of 60 samples BLV was detected (35 %). For 13 BLV‐positive samples, fragments of the env gene measuring 1000 bp were obtained and deciphered. According to phylogenetic analysis, 7 samples of BLV belong to the 7th, and 6 – to the 4th genotype of BLV. The BLV genotype 4 isolated in the Babayurtovskiy district clusters with viruses from Kazakhstan, while viruses of genotype 4 from other farms cluster with Russian BLV. The studied samples of genotype 4 did not form common clusters. For the BLV genotype 7 isolated in farms of the Babayurtovskiy district, on the contrary, a combination of sequences into one cluster of genetically similar viruses was observed.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. Significant differences in the incidence of leukemia virus in livestock on farms in Dagestan were revealed. No patterns were found in the registration of cattle cases with a specific breed of cattle or with the age of the animal. It has been shown that viruses of both genotypes 7 and 4 circulate in the Republic. For BLV 4, it is assumed that there are different ways of its introduction into farms but no associated chains of virus spread have been found. For BLV genotype 7, transmission of BLV has been registered, which indicates the need to strengthen leukemia prevention measures on farms.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВЛКРС</kwd><kwd>генотип G4</kwd><kwd>генотип G7</kwd><kwd>филогенетический анализ</kwd><kwd>ПЦР‐диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>BLV</kwd><kwd>genotype G4</kwd><kwd>genotype G7</kwd><kwd>phylogenetic analysis</kwd><kwd>PCR diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена в рамках выполнения Государственного задания ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ Вектор Роспотребнадзора</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The work was carried out within the framework of the State Assignment of the Vector State Scientific Centre of Virology and Biotechnology of Rospotrebnadzor</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NAHMS‐USDA Bovine Leukosis Virus on U.S. // Dairy Operations. 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NAHMS‐USDA Bovine Leukosis Virus on U.S. Dairy Operations. 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Enzootic bovine leucosis // World Organisation for Animal Health. 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