ecodagЮг России: экология, развитиеSouth of Russia: ecology, development1992-10982413-0958State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-113-126ecodag-2834Research ArticleСЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННАЯ ЭКОЛОГИЯAGROCULTURAL ECOLOGYСевооборот как способ увеличения биоразнообразия в агроэкосистемах, регулирования численности вредных фитофаговCrop rotation as a way to increase the biodiversity of agroecosystems and regulate the number of phytophageshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7133-9533ПушняМ. В.PushnyaM. V.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2326-221XБалахнинаИ. В.BalakhninaI. V.

Ирина. В. Балахнина, научный сотрудник, лаборатория фитосанитарного мониторинга агроэкосистем

г. Краснодар, п/о 39, 350039.

Тел. +79181661807 

Irina V. Balakhnina, Researcher, Laboratory of Phytosanitary Monitoring of Agroecosystems

p/o 39 Krasnodar, 350039.

Tel. +79181661807 

balakhnina@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0982-6821КремневаО. Ю.KremnevaO. Yu.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-4842Нестерова (Собина)А. Ю.Nesterova (Sobina)A. Yu.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4617-3604СнесареваЕ. Г.SnesarevaE. G.

Краснодар

Krasnodar

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр биологической защиты растений»РоссияFederal Research Centre of Biological Plant ProtectionRussian Federation202311072023182113‐126Copyright © Пушня М.В., Балахнина И.В., Кремнева О.Ю., Нестерова (Собина) А.Ю., Снесарева Е.Г., 20232023Пушня М.В., Балахнина И.В., Кремнева О.Ю., Нестерова (Собина) А.Ю., Снесарева Е.Г.Pushnya M.V., Balakhnina I.V., Kremneva O.Y., Nesterova (Sobina) A.Y., Snesareva E.G.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2834Цель

Цель. Использование преимуществ севооборотов, их типов и влияния на динамику численности и вредоносности доминантных вредителей на различных сельскохозяйственных культурах, сохранение биоразнообразия, стабилизацию агроэкосистем. В данной работе рассматривается одна из важнейших проблем современного земледелия – сокращение химических обработок без потери качества и урожайности получаемой продукции благодаря одному из важнейших приёмов севообороту и некоторым агротехническим – совместным посевам разных сортов или культур, введение покровных и т.д.

Обсуждение

Обсуждение. Нами проводился анализ севооборотов, их видов и влияния на динамику численности и вредоносности вредителей-доминантов различных сельскохозяйственных культур, сохранение биоразнообразия, стабилизацию агроэкосистем, что особенно важно для органического земледелия. Основанные на фактических данных методы манипулирования средой обитания могут значительно улучшить борьбу с вредителями. Подтверждено влияние севооборота на степень зараженности вредителями возделываемых культур и выявлен ряд малоизученных вопросов. Данная статья может представлять наибольший интерес для владельцев фермерских хозяйств, а также крупных товаропроизводителей.

Заключение

Заключение. Анализ литературных данных показал, что научно обоснованный севооборот с включением посевов сортосмесей, краевых ловчих или медоносных культур, учитывающий общих вредителей для чередующихся предшественников и основных посевов, и направленных приёмов на улучшение здоровья почвы и растений, позволит стабилизировать экологическое состояние агроэкосистем, повысить безопасность окружающей природной среды и уровень рентабельности агропроизводства. Изучение влияния различных приёмов с повышением биоразнообразия в агроценозах имеет большой потенциал и перспективу для дальнейшего изучения.

Aim

Aim. To use the advantages of crop rotation, its types and its impact on the dynamics of the number and harmfulness of dominant pests on various crops, the conservation of biodiversity and the stabilisation of agroecosystems. In this paper, one of the most important problems of modern agriculture is considered – the reduction of chemical treatments without loss of quality and yield of the products obtained due to one of the most important methods of crop rotation and certain agrotechnical methods, such as the joint sowing of different varieties or crops, making shelters, etc.

Discussion

Discussion. Crop rotation, its types and influence on the dynamics of the number and harmfulness of the dominant pests of various crops, biodiversity conservation and stabilisation of agroecosystems, especially important for organic farming, are analyzed. Evidence‐based habitat management practices can greatly improve pest management. The influence of crop rotation on the degree of pest infestation of cultivated crops has been confirmed and a number of little‐studied issues have been identified. This article may be of the greatest interest to owners of farms, as well as large commodity producers.

Conclusion

Conclusion. An analysis of the literature data showed that a scientifically based crop rotation with the inclusion of crops of a variety of mixtures. regional trapping or honey crops, taking into account common pests for alternating predecessors and main crops, and aimed at improving the soil and plants, stabilises the ecological state of agroecosystems and improves the safety of the natural environment and the level of profitability of agricultural production. The study of the influence of various methods on increasing biodiversity in agrocenoses has great potential and prospects for further study. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.