ecodagЮг России: экология, развитиеSouth of Russia: ecology, development1992-10982413-0958State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan10.18470/1992-1098-2023-2-53-69ecodag-2829Research ArticleЭКОЛОГИЯ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВВзаимодействие эндофитных микроорганизмов по отношению к циперметринуInteraction of endophytic microorganisms with respect to cypermethrinhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8277-3941ВалиуллинЛ. Р.ValiullinL. R.

Ленар Р. Валиуллин, зав. сектором питательных сред и культур клеток

420075 г. Казань, ул. Научный городок 2. 

Тел. +79509698469 

Lenar R. Valiullin, Head. Sector of Nutrient Media and Cell Cultures

2 Nauchny Gorodok St, Kazan, 420075.

Tel. +79509698469

lrvaliullin@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1453-4834СкворцовЕ. В.SkvortsovE. V.

Казань

Kazan

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9691-2009ЕгоровВ. И.EgorovV. I.

Казань

Kazan

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3962-9722АлексейкоЛ. Ф.AlekseykoL. N.

Гомель

Gomel

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2728-5996КлимовичС. В.KlimovichS. V.

Гомель

Gomel

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-2036ПамирскийИ. Э.PamirskyI. E.

Краснообск

Krasnoobsk

АртеменкоА. Ф.ArtemenkoA. F.

Краснообск

Krasnoobsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9520-8271ЗахаренкоА. М.ZakharenkoA. M.

Краснообск

Krasnoobsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4873-2281ГолохвастК. С.GolokhvastK. S.

Краснообск

Krasnoobsk

Федеральный центр токсикологической, радиационной и биологической безопасности; Всероссийский научно‐исследовательский институт фитопатологииРоссияFederal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety; All‐Russia Research Institute of PhytopatologyRussian FederationКазанский государственный аграрный университетРоссияKazan State Agrarian UniversityRussian FederationГомельский государственный медицинский университетБеларусьGomel State Medical UniversityBelarusСибирский федеральный научный центр агробиотехнологий Российской академии наукРоссияSiberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agrobiotechnologies, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation20231107202318253‐69Copyright © Валиуллин Л.Р., Скворцов Е.В., Егоров В.И., Алексейко Л.Ф., Климович С.В., Памирский И.Э., Артеменко А.Ф., Захаренко А.М., Голохваст К.С., 20232023Валиуллин Л.Р., Скворцов Е.В., Егоров В.И., Алексейко Л.Ф., Климович С.В., Памирский И.Э., Артеменко А.Ф., Захаренко А.М., Голохваст К.С.Valiullin L.R., Skvortsov E.V., Egorov V.I., Alekseyko L.N., Klimovich S.V., Pamirsky I.E., Artemenko A.F., Zakharenko A.M., Golokhvast K.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2829

Цель.  Поиск  и  отбор  микроорганизмов,  обладающих  активными ферментативными свойствами для возможной биодеструкции пиретроидов. Материалы  и  методы.  Для  эффективного  скрининга  и  отбора  наиболее активных  изолятов  для  последующей  разработки  биотехнологических способов деструкции пестицидов и снижения их токсичности были отобраны пробы филосферы и ризосферы сельскохозяйственных культур, продовольственных  продуктов  и  др.  Из  отобранных  проб  было  выделено  23  изолята. Изоляты  оценивали  по  внутриклеточному  метаболизму  и  выработке экзоферментов.  Выделенные  микроорганизмы  были  идентифицированы  на основе  «Определителя  бактерий  Берджи».  Скрининг  микроорганизмов  для разработки  биотехнологических  способов  снижения  токсичности экотоксикантов  включал  следующие  этапы:  выбор  источников,  отбор  проб, посев  на  плотную  среду  для  выделения  чистой  культуры,  пересев  чистой культуры, исследование биологических свойств выделенных штаммов. Результаты.  С  целью  поиска  микроорганизмов  способных  утилизировать пиретроиды  получены  изоляты  микроскопических  грибов  и  бактерий.  Из    23 штаммов 12 обладали наиболее широким спектром активности, 5 штаммов показали наиболее выраженную и стабильную антагонистическую активность в  отношении  патогенных  микроорганизмов  при  различных  температурных параметрах от 30°С до 42°С (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus). Для отобранных штаммов была проведена оптимизация  среды  для  активации  обменных  процессов  в  клетке. Оценивалась  активность  амилаз,  протеаз,  ксиланаз  и  целлюлаз  гриба Trichoderma,  и  протеаз  L.  plantarum,  L.  lactis,  B.  subtilis  и  Propionibacterium. Проведены  исследования  влияния  на  синтез  гидролитических  ферментов различных концентраций в культуральной среде в присутствии полисахаридов ксилана, целлюлозы, крахмала и белка казеина.  Заключение.  Проведены  токсикологические  исследования  отобранных изолятов  и  композиции,  состоящей  из  этих  изолятов  в  виде  культуральной суспензии,  на  простейших  стилонихиях.  Биотестирование  на  водных обитателях выделенных микроорганизмов (Trichoderma, L. plantarum, L. lactis, B.  subtilis  и  Propionibacterium)  показало,  что  процент  гибели  инфузорий    (S.  mytilus)  в  опыте  и  контроле  не  имел  значительных  отличий.  Создана микробиологическая  композиция,  которую  возможно  использовать  для защиты  окружающей  среды  при  воздействии  токсикантов  агротехногенного происхождения. Отобранные штаммы были протестированы на возможность осуществлять биодеградацию пиретроидов на примере циперметрина.

Aim

Aim. Search and selection of microorganisms with active enzymatic properties for possible biodestruction of pyrethroids.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods. For effective screening and selection of the most active isolates, for the subsequent development of biotechnological methods for the destruction of pesticides and reduction of their toxicity, samples of the phylosphere and rhizosphere of agricultural crops, food products, etc. were taken. The isolates were evaluated by intracellular metabolism and the production of exoenzymes. The isolated microorganisms were identified on the basis of the "Bergi Bacteria Determinant". Screening of microorganisms for the development of biotechnological methods to reduce the toxicity of ecotoxicants included the following stages: selection of sources, sampling, seeding on a dense medium for isolation of pure culture, replanting of pure culture and investigation of biological properties of isolated strains.

Results

Results. In order to search for microorganisms capable of utilising pyrethroids, isolates of microscopic fungi and bacteria were obtained. Of the 23 selected strains, 12 had the widest spectrum of activity, while 5 strains showed the most pronounced and stable antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms at various temperature parameters from 30°C to 42°C (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus). For the selected strains, the environment was optimised to activate cellular metabolic processes. The activity of amylases, proteases, xylanases and cellulases of the fungus Trichoderma, and proteases of L. plantarum, L. lactis,   B. subtilis and Propionibacterium was evaluated. Studies of the effect on the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes of various concentrations in the culture medium in the presence of xylan polysaccharides, cellulose, starch and casein protein were carried out.

Conclusion

Conclusion. Toxicological studies of the selected isolates and of a composition consisting of these isolates in the form of a culture suspension on the simplest stylonychia were carried out. Biotesting on isolated aquatic microorganisms (Trichoderma, L. plantarum, L. lactis, B. subtilis and Propionibacterium) showed that the percentage of dead infusoria (S. mytilus) in both the experiment and the control showed no significant differences. A microbiological composition has been created that can be used to protect the environment when exposed to toxicants of agrotechnogenic origin. The selected strains were tested for the possibility of biodegradation of pyrethroids using the example of cypermethrin.

Пестицидыпиретроидыбиодеградациямикроорганизмыбактериимикроскопические грибыамилазыксиналазыцеллюлазыпротеазыказеинцеллюлозаксиланкрахмалциперметринтоксиныстилонихииPesticidespyrethroidsbiodegradationmicroorganismsbacteriamicroscopic fungiamylasesxylanasescellulasesproteasescaseincellulosexylanstarchcypermethrintoxinsstylonychiaРабота выполнена при поддержке гранта №220‐2961‐3099 согласно Постановлению Правительства РФ №220.The work was supported by grant No. 220‐2961‐3099 in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 220.ReferencesChen S., Sun D., Chung J.S. Treatment of Pesticide Wastewater by Moving‐Bed Biofilm Reactor Combined with Fenton‐Coagulation Pretreatment // J. Hazard. Mater. 2007. V. 144. P. 577–584.Chen S., Sun D., Chung J.S. Treatment of Pesticide Wastewater by Moving‐Bed Biofilm Reactor Combined with Fenton‐Coagulation Pretreatment. J. Hazard. Mater., 2007, vol. 144, pp. 577–584.Egorov V.I., Aleyev D.V., Malanev A.V., Khalikova K.F., Galyautdinova G.G., Yamalova G.R., Tremasova A.M., Kadikov I.R., Saifutdinov A.M., Semenov E.I., Shuralev E.A., Smolentsev S.Yu. The use of sorbents for intoxication of chickens with imidacloprid // International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2021. V. 13. N 1. P. 3225–3233.Egorov V.I., Aleyev D.V., Malanev A.V., Khalikova K.F., Galyautdinova G.G., Yamalova G.R., Tremasova A.M., Kadikov I.R., Saifutdinov A.M., Semenov E.I., Shuralev E.A., Smolentsev S.Yu. The use of sorbents for intoxication of chickens with imidacloprid. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2021, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 3225–3233.Nayak S.K., Dash B., Baliyarsingh B. Microbial Remediation of Persistent Agrochemicals by Soil Bacteria: An Overview // Microb. Biotechnol. 2018. P. 275–301.Nayak S.K., Dash B., Baliyarsingh B. Microbial Remediation of Persistent Agro‐chemicals by Soil Bacteria: An Overview. Microb. Biotechnol., 2018, pp. 275–301.Abdallah O.I., Hanafi A., Ghani S.B.A., Ghisoni S., Lucini L. Pesticides Contamination in Egyptian Honey Samples // J. Consum. Prot. Food Saf. 2017. V. 12. P. 317–327.Abdallah O.I., Hanafi A., Ghani S.B.A., Ghisoni S., Lucini L. Pesticides Contamination in Egyptian Honey Samples. J. Consum. Prot. Food Saf., 2017, vol. 12, pp. 317–327.Кузнецова Е.Л. Влияние дециса на кур // Материалы Международной конференции ветеринарных фармакологов и токсикологов, посвящённой 125‐летию Н.А. Сошественского. Казань. 2001. C. 73–74.Kuznetsova E.L. Vliyanie detsisa na kur [Influence of decis on chickens]. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii veterinarnykh farmakologov i toksikologov, posvyashchennoi 125‐letiyu N.A. Soshestvenskogo, Kazan', 2001 [Proceedings of the International Conference of Veterinary Pharmacologists and Toxicologists dedicated to the 125th anniversary of N.A. Soshestvensky, Kazan, 2001]. Kazan, 2001, pp. 73–74. (In Russian)Liu C., Qu J., Wu M., Huang X., Li L. Cypermethrin triggers YY1‐mediated testosterone biosynthesis suppression // Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021. V. 225. Article ID: 112792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112792Liu C., Qu J., Wu M., Huang X., Li L. Cypermethrin triggers YY1‐mediated testosterone biosynthesis suppression. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf., 2021, vol. 225, article ID: 112792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112792Aldridge W.N. Toxicolody of pyrethroids // Pestic. chem: Hum. Welfare and Environ. Pros.: 5th intern kongr. Kioto. 1982. N 3. P. 485–490.Aldridge W.N. Toxicolody of pyrethroids. Pestic. chem: Hum. Welfare and Environ. Pros.: 5th intern kongr. Kioto., 1982, no. 3, pp. 485–490.Grey A.J., Soderlund D.M. Mammalian toxicolody of pyrethroids // Insecticides. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons. 1985. V. 5. P. 207–212.Grey A.J., Soderlund D.M. Mammalian toxicolody of pyrethroids. Insecticides. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons., 1985, vol. 5, pp. 207–212.White G.B. Pyrethroids – why is their use increasing // J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1999. V. 37. N 3. Article ID: 361.White G.B. Pyrethroids – why is their use increasing. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol., 1999, vol. 37, no. 3, article id: 361.Cunha E.O., Reis A.D., Macedo M.B., Machado M.S., Dallegrave E. Braz. Ototoxicity of cypermethrin in Wistar rats // J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020. V. 86. Iss. 5. P. 587–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.02.007Cunha E.O., Reis A.D., Macedo M.B., Machado M.S., Dallegrave E. Braz. Ototoxicity of cypermethrin in Wistar rats. J Otorhinolaryngol, 2020, vol. 86, iss. 5, pp. 587–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.02.007Chen S., Lin Q., Xiao Y., Deng Y., Chang C., Zhong G., Hu M., Zhang L.H. Monooxygenase, a novel beta‐cypermethrin degrading enzyme from Streptomyces sp. // PLoS ONE. 2013. V. 8. Article ID: 75450.Chen S., Lin Q., Xiao Y., Deng Y., Chang C., Zhong G., Hu M., Zhang L.H. Monooxygenase, a novel beta‐cypermethrin degrading enzyme from Streptomyces sp. PLoS ONE, 2013, vol. 8, article ID: 75450.Valiullin L.R., Titova V.Y., Skvortsov E.V., Muhammadiev R.S., Validov S.Z., Rud V.Y., Davydov V.V., Glinushkin A.P. Search for antagonists to protect plant raw materials from pathogens Earth and Environmental Science // All‐Russian Conference with International Participation Economic and Phytosanitary Rationale for the Introduction of Feed Plants. 2021. Article ID: 012005.Valiullin L.R., Titova V.Y., Skvortsov E.V., Muhammadiev R.S., Validov S.Z., Rud V.Y., Davydov V.V., Glinushkin A.P. Search for antagonists to protect plant raw materials from pathogens Earth and Environmental Science. All‐Russian Conference with International Participation Economic and Phytosanitary Rationale for the Introduction of Feed Plants. 2021, article ID: 012005.Wang H.X., Zhang R., Li Z., Wang L.S., Yu Y., Wang Q., Ding Z., Zhang J.P., Zhang M.R., Xu L.C. Cypermethrin induces Sertoli cell apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway associated with calcium // Toxicol Res. 2021. V. 10. N 4. P. 742–750. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfab056Wang H.X., Zhang R., Li Z., Wang L.S., Yu Y., Wang Q., Ding Z., Zhang J.P., Zhang M.R., Xu L.C. Cypermethrin induces Sertoli cell apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway associated with calcium. Toxicol Res., 2021, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 742–750. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfab056Chen S., Geng P., Xiao Y., Hu M. Bioremediation of βcypermethrin and 3‐phenoxybenzaldehyde contaminated soils using Streptomyces aureus HP‐S‐01 // Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2012. V. 94. P. 505–515.Chen S., Geng P., Xiao Y., Hu M. Bioremediation of βcypermethrin and 3‐phenoxybenzaldehyde contaminated soils using Streptomyces aureus HP‐S‐01. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2012, vol. 94, pp. 505–515.Pankaj, Sharma A., Gangola S., Khati P., Kumar G., Srivastava A. Novel pathway of cypermethrin biodegradation in a Bacillus sp. strain SG2 isolated from cypermethrincontaminated agriculture field // Biotech. 2016. V. 6. Iss. 1. Article number: 45. doi: 10.1007/s13205‐016‐0372‐3Pankaj, Sharma A., Gangola S., Khati P., Kumar G., Srivastava A. Novel pathway of cypermethrin biodegradation in a Bacillus sp. strain SG2 isolated from cypermethrincontaminated agriculture field. Biotech, 2016, vol. 6, iss. 1, article number: 45. doi: 10.1007/s13205‐016‐0372‐3Ucar A., Özgeriş F.B., Yeltekin A.Ç., Parlak V., Alak G., Keleş M.S., Atamanalp M. J The effect of N‐acetylcysteine supplementation on the oxidative stress levels, apoptosis, DNA damage, and hematopoietic effect in pesticide‐exposed fish blood // Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2019. V. 6. Article ID: 22311. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.22311Ucar A., Özgeriş F.B., Yeltekin A.Ç., Parlak V., Alak G., Keleş M.S., Atamanalp M.J The effect of N‐acetylcysteine supplementation on the oxidative stress levels, apoptosis, DNA damage, and hematopoietic effect in pesticide‐exposed fish blood. Biochem Mol Toxicol., 2019, vol. 6, article ID: 22311. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.22311Sharma R., Jindal R., Faggio C. Impact of cypermethrin in nephrocytes of freshwater fish Catla catla // Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2021. V. 88. Article ID: 103739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2021.103739Sharma R., Jindal R., Faggio C. Impact of cypermethrin in nephrocytes of freshwater fish Catla catla. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 2021, vol. 88, article ID: 103739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2021.103739Бадман Л.А., Волкова Н.В., Грекова Т.Д. и др. Справочное издание. Вредные химические вещества. Неорганические соединения V‐VIII групп. Л.: Химия, 1989. C. 442–473.Badman L.A., Volkova N.V., Grekova T.D., et al. Spravochnoe izdanie. Vrednye khimicheskie veshchestva. Neorganicheskie soedineniya V‐VIII grupp [Reference edition. Harmful chemicals. Inorganic compounds of groups V‐VIII]. Leningrad, Khimiya Publ., 1989, pp. 442–473. (In Russian)Sulaiman N., Chee Beng Y., Ahmad Bustamam F.K., Khairuddin NSK., Muhamad H. Fate of cypermethrin in Malaysian oil palm plantation // Drug Test Anal. 2020. V. 12. Iss. 4. P. 504–513. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2760Sulaiman N., Chee Beng Y., Ahmad Bustamam F.K., Khairuddin N.S.K., Muhamad H. Fate of cypermethrin in Malaysian oil palm plantation. Drug Test Anal., 2020, vol. 12, iss. 4, pp. 504–513. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.2760Yadav A., Tandon A., Seth B., Goyal S., Singh S.J., Tiwari S.K., Agarwal S., Nair S., Chaturvedi R.K. Cypermethrin Impairs Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognitive Functions by Altering Neural Fate Decisions in the Rat Brain // Mol Neurobiol. 2021. V. 58. P. 263–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035‐020‐02108‐9Yadav A., Tandon A., Seth B., Goyal S., Singh S.J., Tiwari S.K., Agarwal S., Nair S., Chaturvedi R.K. Cypermethrin Impairs Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognitive Functions by Altering Neural Fate Decisions in the Rat Brain. Mol Neurobiol., 2021, vol. 58, pp. 263–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035020‐02108‐9Di Bella G., Mottese A.F., Potortì A.G., Fede M.R., Sabatino G., Cicero N., Beltifa A., Dugo G., Lo Turco V. Organic pollution in PGI and non‐PGI lemons and related soils from Italy and Turkey // Nat Prod Res. 2019. V. 33. Iss. 21. P. 3089–3094. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1519818Di Bella G., Mottese A.F., Potortì A.G., Fede M.R., Sabatino G., Cicero N., Beltifa A., Dugo G., Lo Turco V. Organic pollution in PGI and non‐PGI lemons and related soils from Italy and Turkey. Nat Prod Res., 2019, vol. 33, iss. 21, pp. 3089–3094. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1519818Oumbouke W.A., Rowland M., Koffi A.A., Alou LPA., Camara S., N'Guessan R. Evaluation of an alphacypermethrin + PBO mixture long‐lasting insecticidal net VEERALIN® LN against pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s.: an experimental hut trial in M'bé, central Côte d'Ivoire // Parasit Vectors. 2019. V. 15. N 12. Article number: 544. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071‐019‐3796‐xOumbouke W.A., Rowland M., Koffi A.A., Alou LPA., Camara S., N'Guessan R. Evaluation of an alphacypermethrin + PBO mixture long‐lasting insecticidal net VEERALIN® LN against pyrethroid resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s.: an experimental hut trial in M'bé, central Côte d'Ivoire. Parasit Vectors., 2019, vol. 15, no. 12, article number: 544. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071‐019‐3796‐xLissenden N., Kont M.D., Essandoh J., Ismail H.M. et. al. Review and Meta‐Analysis of the Evidence for Choosing between Specific Pyrethroids for Programmatic Purposes // Insects. 2021. V. 14. Iss. 12. Article number: 826. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12090826Lissenden N., Kont M.D., Essandoh J., Ismail H.M. et. al. Review and Meta‐Analysis of the Evidence for Choosing between Specific Pyrethroids for Programmatic Purposes. Insects, 2021, vol. 14, iss. 12, article number: 826. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12090826Ali M.H., Sumon K.A., Sultana M., Rashid H. Toxicity of cypermethrin on the embryo and larvae of Gangetic mystus, Mystus cavasius // Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018. V. 25. N4. P. 3193–3199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356‐017‐9399‐1Ali M.H., Sumon K.A., Sultana M., Rashid H. Toxicity of cypermethrin on the embryo and larvae of Gangetic mystus, Mystus cavasius. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int., 2018, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 3193–3199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356‐017‐9399‐1Jin S., Yao X., Xu Z., Zhang X., Yang F. Estimation of soilspecific microbial degradation of alpha‐cypermethrin by compound‐specific stable isotope analysis // Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018. V. 23. P. 22736–22743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356‐018‐2399‐yJin S., Yao X., Xu Z., Zhang X., Yang F. Estimation of soilspecific microbial degradation of alpha‐cypermethrin by compound‐specific stable isotope analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int., 2018, vol. 23, pp. 22736–22743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356‐018‐2399‐yМельников Н.Н. Методическое указание по определению микроколичеств пестицидов в продуктах питания, кормах и внешней среде. М.: Госхимкомиссия. 1982. ч. 12. 301 c.Mel'nikov N.N. Metodicheskoe ukazanie po opredeleniyu mikrokolichestv pestitsidov v produktakh pitaniya, kormakh i vneshnei srede [Guidelines for the determination of trace amounts of pesticides in food, feed and the environment]. Moscow, Goskhimkomissiya Publ., 1982, pt. 12, 301 p. (In Russian)Seema J. Comparative assessment of growth and biodegradation potential of soil isolate in the presence of pesticides // J Biol Sci. 2013. V. 20. Iss. 3. P. 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.02.007Seema J. Comparative assessment of growth and biodegradation potential of soil isolate in the presence of pesticides. J Biol Sci., 2013, vol. 20, iss. 3, pp. 257–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.02.007Akbar S., Sultan S., Kertesz M. Determination of cypermethrin degradation potential of soil bacteria along with plant growth‐promoting characteristics // Microbiol. 2015. V. 70. N 1. P. 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284‐014‐0684‐7Akbar S., Sultan S., Kertesz M. Determination of cypermethrin degradation potential of soil bacteria along with plant growth‐promoting characteristics. Microbiol., 2015, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284‐014‐0684‐7Amin M., Raza Gurmani A., Rafique M., Ullah Khan S., Mehmood A., Muhammad D., Hussain Syed J.Saudi. Investigating the degradation behavior of Cypermethrin (CYP) and Chlorpyrifos (CPP) in peach orchard soils using organic/inorganic amendments // J Biol Sci. 2021. V. 28. Iss. 10. P. 5890–5896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.035Amin M., Raza Gurmani A., Rafique M., Ullah Khan S., Mehmood A., Muhammad D., Hussain Syed J.Saudi. Investigating the degradation behavior of Cypermethrin (CYP) and Chlorpyrifos (CPP) in peach orchard soils using organic/inorganic amendments. J Biol Sci., 2021, vol. 28, iss. 10, pp. 5890–5896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.035Jiang W., Yao G., Jing X., Liu X., Liu D., Zhou Z. Effects of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on enantioselective degradation behavior of αcypermethrin in soils and their combined effect on activities of soil enzymes // Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021. V. 28. Iss. 34. P. 47099–47106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356‐021‐13929‐zJiang W., Yao G., Jing X., Liu X., Liu D., Zhou Z. Effects of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on enantioselective degradation behavior of αcypermethrin in soils and their combined effect on activities of soil enzymes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int., 2021, vol. 28, iss. 34, pp. 47099–47106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356‐021‐13929zМельников Н.Н. Химия и технология пестицидов. М.: Наука, 1974. C. 209–226.Mel'nikov N.N. Khimiya i tekhnologiya pestitsidov [Chemistry and technology of pesticides]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1974, pp. 209–226. (In Russian)Yao G., Jing X., Liu C., Wang P., Liu X., Hou Y., Zhou Z., Liu D. Enantioselective degradation of alpha‐cypermethrin and detection of its metabolites in bullfrog (rana catesbeiana) // Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017. V. 141. P. 93–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.019Yao G., Jing X., Liu C., Wang P., Liu X., Hou Y., Zhou Z., Liu D. Enantioselective degradation of alpha‐cypermethrin and detection of its metabolites in bullfrog (rana catesbeiana). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf., 2017, vol. 141, pp. 93–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.019Jiang W., Gao J., Cheng Z., Zhai W., Liu D., Zhou Z., Wang P. The influence of oxytetracycline on the degradation and enantioselectivity of the chiral pesticide beta‐cypermethrin in soil // Environ Pollut. 2019. V. 255. Part 1. Article ID: 113215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113215Jiang W., Gao J., Cheng Z., Zhai W., Liu D., Zhou Z., Wang P. The influence of oxytetracycline on the degradation and enantioselectivity of the chiral pesticide beta‐cypermethrin in soil. Environ Pollut., 2019, vol. 255, pt. 1, article ID: 113215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113215Kanyika‐Mbewe C., Thole B., Makwinja R., Kaonga C.C. Monitoring of carbaryl and cypermethrin concentrations in water and soil in Southern Malawi // Environ Monit Assess. 2020. V. 192. Iss. 9. Article number: 595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661‐020‐08557‐yKanyika‐Mbewe C., Thole B., Makwinja R., Kaonga C.C. Monitoring of carbaryl and cypermethrin concentrations in water and soil in Southern Malawi. Environ Monit Assess., 2020, vol. 192, iss. 9, article number: 595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661‐020‐08557‐yLu J., Wu Q., Yang Q., Li G., Wang R., Liu Y., Duan C., Duan S., He X., Huang Z., Peng X., Yan W., Jiang J. Molecular mechanism of reproductive toxicity induced by betacypermethrin in zebrafish // Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2021. V. 239. Article ID: 108894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108894Lu J., Wu Q., Yang Q., Li G., Wang R., Liu Y., Duan C., Duan S., He X., Huang Z., Peng X., Yan W., Jiang J. Molecular mechanism of reproductive toxicity induced by betacypermethrin in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol., 2021, vol. 239, article id: 108894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108894Saied E., Fouda A., Alemam A.M., Sultan M.H., et. al. Evaluate the Toxicity of Pyrethroid Insecticide Cypermethrin before and after Biodegradation by Lysinibacillus cresolivuorans Strain HIS7 // Plants (Basel). 2021. V. 10. Iss. 9. Article ID: 1903. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091903Saied E., Fouda A., Alemam A.M., Sultan M.H., et. al. Evaluate the Toxicity of Pyrethroid Insecticide Cypermethrin before and after Biodegradation by Lysinibacillus cresolivuorans Strain HIS7. Plants (Basel), 2021, vol. 10, iss. 9, article id: 1903. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091903Yang Y., Ma S., Liu F., Wang Q., Wang X., et. al. Acute and chronic toxicity of acetamiprid, carbaryl, cypermethrin and deltamethrin to Apis mellifera larvae reared in vitro // Pest Manag Sci. 2020. V. 76. N 3. P. 978–985. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5606Yang Y., Ma S., Liu F., Wang Q., Wang X., et. al. Acute and chronic toxicity of acetamiprid, carbaryl, cypermethrin and deltamethrin to Apis mellifera larvae reared in vitro. Pest Manag Sci., 2020, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 978–985. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5606Seven B., Kültiğin, Çavuşoğlu, Yalçin E., Acar A. Investigation of cypermethrin toxicity in Swiss albino mice with physiological, genetic and biochemical approaches // Sci Rep. 2022. V. 12. Article number: 11439. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598‐022‐15800‐8Seven B., Kültiğin, Çavuşoğlu, Yalçin E., Acar A. Investigation of cypermethrin toxicity in Swiss albino mice with physiological, genetic and biochemical approaches. Sci Rep., 2022, vol. 12, article number: 11439. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598‐022‐15800‐8Raginov I.S., Egorov V.I., Valiullin L.R., Watanabe D., Balakin K.V., Murinov Y.I. Morphological and functional evaluation of the effect of novel pyrimidine derivatives on regeneration of the sciatic nerve in rats // Neurosci Lett. 2019. V. 706. P. 110–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2019.05.008Raginov I.S., Egorov V.I., Valiullin L.R., Watanabe D., Balakin K.V., Murinov Y.I. Morphological and functional evaluation of the effect of novel pyrimidine derivatives on regeneration of the sciatic nerve in rats. Neurosci Lett., 2019, vol. 706. pp. 110–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2019.05.008Akelma H., Kilic E.T., Salik F., Bicak E.A., Yektas A. Pyrethroid intoxication: A rare case report and literature review // J Clin Pract. 2019. V. 22. N 3. P. 442–444. DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_241_18Akelma H., Kilic E.T., Salik F., Bicak E.A., Yektas A. Pyrethroid intoxication: A rare case report and literature review. J Clin Pract., 2019, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 442–444. DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_241_18Chen S., Geng P., Xiao Y., Hu M. Bioremediation of βcypermethrin and 3‐phenoxybenzaldehyde contaminated soils using Streptomyces aureus HP‐S‐01 // Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2012. V. 94. P. 505–515.Chen S., Geng P., Xiao Y., Hu M. Bioremediation of βcypermethrin and 3‐phenoxybenzaldehyde contaminated soils using Streptomyces aureus HP‐S‐01. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2012, vol. 94, pp. 505–515.Ruan Z.Y., Zhai Y., Song J.L., Shi Y.H., Li K., Zhao B., et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of a newly isolated pyrethroid‐degrading esterase gene from a genomic library of Ochrobactrum anthropi YZ‐1 // PLoS One. 2013. V. 8, Article ID: e77329. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077329Ruan Z.Y., Zhai Y., Song J.L., Shi Y.H., Li K., Zhao B., et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of a newly isolated pyrethroid‐degrading esterase gene from a genomic library of Ochrobactrum anthropi YZ‐1. PLoS One, 2013, vol. 8, article id: e77329. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077329Liu F.F., Chi Y.L., Wu S., Jia D.Y., Yao K. Simultaneous degradation of cypermethrin and its metabolite, 3phenoxybenzoic acid, by the cooperation of Bacillus licheniformis B‐1 and Sphingomonas sp. SC‐1 // J. Agric. Food Chem. 2014. V. 62. P. 8256–8262. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf502835nLiu F.F., Chi Y.L., Wu S., Jia D.Y., Yao K. Simultaneous degradation of cypermethrin and its metabolite, 3phenoxybenzoic acid, by the cooperation of Bacillus licheniformis B‐1 and Sphingomonas sp. SC‐1. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2014, vol. 62, pp. 8256–8262. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf502835nZhao J.Y., Chi Y.L., Xu Y.C., Jia D.Y., Yao K. Co‐metabolic degradation of β‐cypermethrin and 3‐phenoxybenzoic acid by co‐culture of Bacillus licheniformis B‐1 and Aspergillus oryzae M‐4 // PLoS One. 2016. V. 11. Article number: e0166796. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166796Zhao J.Y., Chi Y.L., Xu Y.C., Jia D.Y., Yao K. Co‐metabolic degradation of β‐cypermethrin and 3‐phenoxybenzoic acid by co‐culture of Bacillus licheniformis B‐1 and Aspergillus oryzae M‐4. PLoS One, 2016, vol. 11, article number: e0166796. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166796Pavelyev R.S., Zaripova Y.F., Yarkovoi V.V., Vinogradova S.S., et. al. Performance of Waterborne Polyurethanes in Inhibition of Gas Hydrate Formation and Corrosion: Influence of Hydrophobic Fragments // Molecules. 2020. V. 25. Iss. 23. Article ID: 5664. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235664Pavelyev R.S., Zaripova Y.F., Yarkovoi V.V., Vinogradova S.S., et. al. Performance of Waterborne Polyurethanes in Inhibition of Gas Hydrate Formation and Corrosion: Influence of Hydrophobic Fragments. Molecules, 2020, vol. 25, iss. 23, article ID: 5664. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235664Zhan H., Huang Y.H., Lin Z.Q., Bhatt P., Chen S.H. New insights into the microbial degradation and catalytic mechanism of synthetic pyrethroids // Environ. Res. 2020. V. 182. Article ID: 109138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109138Zhan H., Huang Y.H., Lin Z.Q., Bhatt P., Chen S.H. New insights into the microbial degradation and catalytic mechanism of synthetic pyrethroids. Environ. Res., 2020, vol. 182, article ID: 109138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109138Gaughan L.C., Unai T., Gasida I.E. Permetrin metabolism in rats // Agric. Food. Chem. 1977. V. 25. P. 9–17.Gaughan L.C., Unai T., Gasida I.E. Permetrin metabolism in rats. Agric. Food. Chem., 1977, vol. 25, pp. 9–17.Xu Z., Shen X., Zhang X.C., Liu W., Yang F. Microbial degradation of alpha‐cypermethrin in soil by compoundspecific stable isotope analysis // J Hazard Mater. 2015. V. 295. P. 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.062Xu Z., Shen X., Zhang X.C., Liu W., Yang F. Microbial degradation of alpha‐cypermethrin in soil by compoundspecific stable isotope analysis. J Hazard Mater., 2015, vol. 295, pp. 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.062Хоула Дж. Определитель бактерий Берджи: в 2 т. М.: Мир, 1997.Khoula Dzh. Opredelitel' bakterii Berdzhi: v 2 tomakh [Burgey's Bacteria Determinant: in 2 volumes]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1997. (In Russian)Miller G.L. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar // Analytical Chemistry. 1959. V. 31. N 3. P. 426–428.Miller G.L. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Analytical Chemistry, 1959, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 426–428.Najafi M.F., Deobagkar D., Deobagkar D. Purification and characterization of an extracellular amylase from Bacillus subtilis AX20 // Protein Exp. Purif. 2005. V. 41. P. 349–354.Najafi M.F., Deobagkar D., Deobagkar D. Purification and characterization of an extracellular amylase from Bacillus subtilis AX20. Protein Exp. Purif., 2005, vol. 41, pp. 349–354.Schuerg T., et al. Xylose induces cellulase production in Thermoascus aurantiacus // Biotechnol Biofuels. 2017. V. 10. Article number: 271. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068‐017‐0965‐zSchuerg T., et al. Xylose induces cellulase production in Thermoascus aurantiacus. Biotechnol Biofuels, 2017, vol. 10, article number: 271. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068‐0170965‐zGabriel R., et al. Development of genetic tools for the thermophilic filamentous fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus // Biotechnol Biofuels. 2020. V. 13. Article ID: 167. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068‐020‐01804‐xGabriel R., et al. Development of genetic tools for the thermophilic filamentous fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus. Biotechnol Biofuels, 2020, vol. 13, article id: 167. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068‐020‐01804‐xCupp‐Enyard C. Sigma’s non‐specific protease activity assay – casein as a substrate // J. Vis. Exp. 2008. V. 19. Article ID: e899. DOI: 10.3791/899Cupp‐Enyard C. Sigma’s non‐specific protease activity assay – casein as a substrate. J. Vis. Exp., 2008, vol. 19, article ID: e899. DOI: 10.3791/899Gabriel R., et al. The F‐box protein gene exo‐1 is a target for reverse engineering enzyme hypersecretion in filamentous fungi // PNAS. 2021. V. 118. Iss. 26. Article number: e2025689118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025689118Gabriel R., et al. The F‐box protein gene exo‐1 is a target for reverse engineering enzyme hypersecretion in filamentous fungi. PNAS, 2021, vol. 118, iss. 26, article number: e2025689118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025689118Berg G., Hallmann J., Schulz B.J.E., Boyle C.J.C., Sieber T.N. Control of plant pathogenic fungi with bacterial endophytes. Berlin: Springer, 2006, pp. 53–69.Berg G., Hallmann J., Schulz B.J.E., Boyle C.J.C., Sieber T.N. Control of plant pathogenic fungi with bacterial endophytes. Berlin, Springer, 2006, pp. 53–69.Chen Y., Gao X., Chen Y., Qin H., Huang L., Han Q. Inhibitory efficacy of endophytic Bacillus subtilis EDR4 against Sclerotinia access to microbial diversity for drug discovery from natural products. 2014. vol. 69. P. 49–55.Chen Y., Gao X., Chen Y., Qin H., Huang L., Han Q. Inhibitory efficacy of endophytic Bacillus subtilis EDR4 against Sclerotinia access to microbial diversity for drug discovery from natural products. 2014, vol. 69, pp. 49–55.Mohamad O.A.A., Li L., Ma J.B., et.al. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Bacterial Populations From Chinese Traditional Medicinal Plant Licorice and Characterization of the Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Produced by Bacillus atrophaeus Against Verticillium dahlia // Front Microbiol. 2018. V. 9. Article ID: 924. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00924Mohamad O.A.A., Li L., Ma J.B., et.al. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Endophytic Bacterial Populations From Chinese Traditional Medicinal Plant Licorice and Characterization of the Bioactive Secondary Metabolites Produced by Bacillus atrophaeus Against Verticillium dahlia. Front Microbiol., 2018, vol. 9, article ID: 924. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00924Mukhammadiev R.S., Mukhammadieva A.S., Skvortsov E.V., Valiullin L.R., Glinushkin A.P. Antagonistic properties and biocompatibility as important principles for development of effective and biosafety probiotic drugs iop // All‐Russian Conference with International Participation Economic and Phytosanitary Rationale for the Introduction of Feed Plants. 2021, Article ID: 012008.Mukhammadiev R.S., Mukhammadieva A.S., Skvortsov E.V., Valiullin L.R., Glinushkin A.P. Antagonistic properties and biocompatibility as important principles for development of effective and biosafety probiotic drugs iop // All‐Russian Conference with International Participation Economic and Phytosanitary Rationale for the Introduction of Feed Plants. 2021, Article ID: 012008.Diabankana R.G.C., Afordoanyi D.M., Safin R.I., Nizamov R.M., Karimova L.Z., Validov S.Z. Antifungal Properties, Abiotic Stress Resistance, and Biocontrol Ability of Bacillus mojavensis PS17 // Curr Microbiol. 2021. V. 78. N 8. P. 3124–3132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284‐021‐02578‐7Diabankana R.G.C., Afordoanyi D.M., Safin R.I., Nizamov R.M., Karimova L.Z., Validov S.Z. Antifungal Properties, Abiotic Stress Resistance, and Biocontrol Ability of Bacillus mojavensis PS17. Curr Microbiol., 2021, vol. 78, no. 8, pp. 3124–3132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284‐021‐02578‐7Kelland M.A., Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry. CRC, Boca Raton, FL. 2014.Kelland M.A., Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry. CRC, Boca Raton, FL. 2014.Erguven G.O., Yildirim N. The Evaluation of Imidacloprid Remediation in Soil Media by Two Bacterial Strains // Curr Microbiol. 2019. V. 76. N 12. P. 1461–1466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284‐019‐01774‐wErguven G.O., Yildirim N. The Evaluation of Imidacloprid Remediation in Soil Media by Two Bacterial Strains. Curr Microbiol., 2019, vol. 76, no. 12, pp. 1461–1466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284‐019‐01774‐wРД 52.24.421‐2012 Химическое потребление кислорода в водах. Методика выполнения измерений титриметрическим методом. Федеральная служба по гидрометеорологии и мониторингу окружающей среды (Росгидромет). Ростов‐на‐Дону, 2012. 20 с.RD 52.24.421‐2012 Khimicheskoe potreblenie kisloroda v vodakh. Metodika vypolneniya izmerenii titrimetricheskim metodom. Federal'naya sluzhba po gidrometeorologii i monitoringu okruzhayushchei sredy (Rosgidromet) [RD 52.24.421‐2012 Chemical oxygen demand in waters. Method for performing measurements by the titrimetric method. Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet)]. Rostov‐on‐Don, 2012, 20 p. (In Russian)van Loon L.C. Plant responses to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria // Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 2007. V. 119. P. 243–254.van Loon L.C. Plant responses to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 2007, vol. 119, pp. 243–254.TariqJaveed M., Farooq T., Al‐Hazmi A.S., Hussain M.D., Rehman A.U. Role of Trichoderma as a biocontrol agent (BCA) of phytoparasitic nematodes and plant growth inducer // J Invertebr Pathol. 2021. V. 183. Article ID: 107626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2021.107626TariqJaveed M., Farooq T., Al‐Hazmi A.S., Hussain M.D., Rehman A.U. Role of Trichoderma as a biocontrol agent (BCA) of phytoparasitic nematodes and plant growth inducer. J Invertebr Pathol., 2021, vol. 183, article ID: 107626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2021.107626Alfiky A., Weisskopf L.J Deciphering Trichoderma‐PlantPathogen Interactions for Better Development of Biocontrol Applications // Fungi (Basel). 2021. V. 7. N 1. Article ID: 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7010061Alfiky A., Weisskopf L.J Deciphering Trichoderma‐PlantPathogen Interactions for Better Development of Biocontrol Applications. Fungi (Basel), 2021, vol. 7, no. 1, article id: 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7010061Apha AWWA, WPCF American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington. 2005.Apha AWWA, WPCF American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington. 2005.Cove J.H., Holland K.T., Cunliffe W.J. Effects of Oxygen Concentration on Biomass Production, Maximum Specific Growth Rate and Extracellular Enzyme Production by Three Species of Cutaneous Propionibacteria Grown in Continuous Culture // Journal of General Microbiology. 1983. V. 129. P. 3327–3334.Cove J.H., Holland K.T., Cunliffe W.J. Effects of Oxygen Concentration on Biomass Production, Maximum Specific Growth Rate and Extracellular Enzyme Production by Three Species of Cutaneous Propionibacteria Grown in Continuous Culture. Journal of General Microbiology, 1983, vol. 129, pp. 3327–3334.Sa‐Pereira P., Costa‐Ferreira M., Aires‐Barros M.R. Enzymatic properties of a neutral endo‐ 1, 3 (4) ‐ xylanase Xyl II from Bacillus subtilis // Journal of Biotechnology. 2002. V. 94. N 3. P. 245–275.Sa‐Pereira P., Costa‐Ferreira M., Aires‐Barros M.R. Enzymatic properties of a neutral endo‐ 1, 3 (4) ‐ xylanase Xyl II from Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Biotechnology, 2002, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 245–275.Hasan B. Fermentation of fish silage using Lactobacillus pentosus // J Natur Indones. 2003. V. 4. N 1. P. 11–15.Hasan B. Fermentation of fish silage using Lactobacillus pentosus. J Natur Indones, 2003, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 11–15.Simova E., Simov Z., Beshkova D., Frengova G., Dimitrov Z., Spasov Z. Aminoacid profiles of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from kefir grains and kefir starter made from them // Int J Food Microbiol. 2004. V. 107. N 2. P. 112–123.Simova E., Simov Z., Beshkova D., Frengova G., Dimitrov Z., Spasov Z. Aminoacid profiles of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from kefir grains and kefir starter made from them. Int J Food Microbiol., 2004, vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 112–123.Savijoki K., Ingmer H., Varmanen P. Proteolytic systems of lactic acid bacteria // Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2004. V. 71. P. 394–404.Savijoki K., Ingmer H., Varmanen P. Proteolytic systems of lactic acid bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol., 2004, vol. 71, pp. 394–404.Chebotar V.K., Makarova N.M., Shaposhnikov A.I., Kravchenko L.V. Antifungal and phytostimulating characteristics of Bacillus subtilis Ch‐13 rhizospheric strain, producer biopreparations // Appl. Biochem. Microbiol. 2009. V. 45. N 4. P. 419–423.Chebotar V.K., Makarova N.M., Shaposhnikov A.I., Kravchenko L.V. Antifungal and phytostimulating characteristics of Bacillus subtilis Ch‐13 rhizospheric strain, producer biopreparations. Appl. Biochem. Microbiol., 2009, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 419–423.Lim Y.H., Foo H.L., Loh T.C., Mohamad R., Abdullah N. Comparative studies of versatile extracellular proteolytic activities of lactic acid bacteria and their potential for extracellular amino acid productions as feed supplements // Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 2019. V. 10. Iss. 15. P. 2–13.Lim Y.H., Foo H.L., Loh T.C., Mohamad R., Abdullah N. Comparative studies of versatile extracellular proteolytic activities of lactic acid bacteria and their potential for extracellular amino acid productions as feed supplements. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2019, vol. 10, iss. 15, pp. 2–13.. Jin X.L., Jing M., Chen X., Zhuang Z.X., Wang X.R., Lee F.S. A study on the relationship between BOD(5) and COD in a coastal seawater environment with a rapid BOD measurement system // Water Sci Technol. 2010. V. 61. Iss. 6. P. 1499–1503. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.810Jin X.L., Jing M., Chen X., Zhuang Z.X., Wang X.R., Lee F.S. A study on the relationship between BOD(5) and COD in a coastal seawater environment with a rapid BOD measurement system. Water Sci Technol., 2010, vol. 61, iss. 6, pp. 1499–1503. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.810

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.