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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecodag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Юг России: экология, развитие</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South of Russia: ecology, development</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-1098</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-0958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18470/1992-1098-2022-4-182-196</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecodag-2671</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛАНДШАФТНАЯ ЭКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ландшафтно‐гидрологический феномен образования плавучих островов на озере Чебаркуль (Давлетово) в бассейне реки Урал</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Landscape‐hydrological phenomenon of the formation  of floating islands on Lake Chebarkul (Davletovo)  in the Ural River basin, Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-0442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлейчик</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavleichik</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир М. Павлейчик, кандидат географических наук, отдел ландшафтной экологии</p><p>460000 г. Оренбург, ул. Пионерская, 11</p><p>Тел. +73532774432, +73532776247</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir M. Pavleichik, Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Department of Landscape Ecology</p><p>11 Pionerskaya St, Orenburg 460000</p><p>Tel. +73532774432, +73532776247</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vmpavleychik@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5704-0554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сивохип</surname><given-names>Ж. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sivohip</surname><given-names>Zh. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жанна Т. Сивохип  </p><p>Оренбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhanna T. Sivohip</p><p>Orenburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт степи УрО РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Steppe, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>182‐196</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павлейчик В.М., Сивохип Ж.Т., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павлейчик В.М., Сивохип Ж.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavleichik V.M., Sivohip Z.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2671">https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2671</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Зафиксировать факт развития плавучих островов на озере Чебаркуль (Давлетово) в качестве ландшафтно‐гидрологического феномена в бассейне р. Урал и в Южном Зауралье, определить механизмы формирования, выявить специфические особенности их морфоструктуры, внутригодовых перемещений и многолетней динамики.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. На основе спутниковых снимков высокого (2003–2020) и среднего (1972–2020) пространственного разрешения проведен анализ качественных и количественных показателей, отражающих многолетнюю и внутригодовую динамику состояния плавучих островов и сплавин.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что основным поставщиком материала для островов являлись сплавины на участке впадения в озеро водотоков (р. Янгелька и руч. Могак), которые периодически (в периоды экстремальных весенних паводков) утрачивают связь с прибрежными мелководьями и выносятся в акваторию озера. Выявлены высокая вариативность состояний и динамичность смещения островов, а также тенденция сокращения количества и площади островов и сплавины, обусловленная, в том числе, последствиями аномального летнего паводка 2013 года. Находясь в незакрепленном состоянии плавучие острова дрейфуют по акватории озера на значительные расстояния, достигающие 10–15 км и более в безледный период года. Основной движущей силой является ветер, вызывающий преобладающие вдольбереговые смещения островов, в результате столкновений они сокращаются в размерах и приобретают округлую в плане форму.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. На протяжении всего исторического периода плавучие острова во всем мире воспринимались в качестве ландшафтного феномена, заслуживающего охраны и рационального использования. Озеро Чебаркуль с плавучими островами представляет несомненный интерес в качестве объекта географических, гидрологических и эколого‐биологических исследований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To record factually the development of floating islands on Lake Chebarkul (Davletovo) as a landscape‐hydrological phenomenon in the Ural River basin and in the Southern Trans‐Urals, to determine the mechanisms of formation and to identify the specific features of their morphostructure, intra‐annual movements and long‐term dynamics.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. Based on images of high (2003–2020) and medium (1972–2020) spatial resolution, an analysis was made of qualitative and quantitative indicators reflecting the long‐term and intra‐ annual dynamics of the state of floating islands (mats) and coastal thickets of macrophytes («splavina» or «labza» in Russian).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was established that the main source of material for the islands were the coastal thickets of macrophytes at the site of the confluence of watercourses into the lake (Yangelka River and Mogak Crrek), which periodically (during periods of extreme spring floods) lose contact with coastal shallow waters and are carried into the lake. The high variability of the states and the dynamism of the displacement of the islands, as well as the tendency to reduce the number and area of the islands and coastal thickets of macrophytes, caused, among other factors, by the consequences of the anomalous summer flood of 2013, were revealed. Being in an unfixed state, floating islands drift along the water area of the lake for considerable distances, reaching 10–15 km or more during the ice‐ free period of the year. The main driving force is the wind, which causes prevailing alongshore displacements of the islands: as a result of collisions, they are reduced in size and acquire a rounded shape in plan.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Throughout the historical period, floating islands around the world have been perceived as a landscape phenomenon that deserves protection and rational use. Lake Chebarkul with floating islands is of undoubted interest as an object of geographical, hydrological, ecological and biological research.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Плавучие острова</kwd><kwd>сплавина</kwd><kwd>ландшафтно‐гидрологический феномен</kwd><kwd>озеро Чебаркуль</kwd><kwd>бассейн р. Урал</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Floating islands</kwd><kwd>coastal thickets of macrophytes</kwd><kwd>landscape‐hydrological phenomenon</kwd><kwd>Lake Chebarkul</kwd><kwd>Ural River basin</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения государственной темы ИС УрО РАН № АААА–А21–121011190016–1 «Проблемы степного природопользования в условиях современных вызовов: оптимизация взаимодействия природных и социально‐экономических систем». Опубликовано при поддержке гранта РГО «Международная конференция «Трансграничные геоэкологические проблемы и вопросы природопользования в бассейне рек Внутренней Евразии в связи с изменением климата».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared in the course of the implementation of the state theme of the Institute of Steppe, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences No. АААА–А21–121011190016–1 «Problems of steppe environmental management in the face of modern challenges: optimisation of the interaction of natural and socio‐economic systems». 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