<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecodag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Юг России: экология, развитие</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South of Russia: ecology, development</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-1098</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-0958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18470/1992-1098-2022-3-125-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecodag-2585</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОЛОГИЯ ГРИБОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECOLOGY OF FUNGI</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ разнообразия и функциональных признаков эпифитных лишайников в лесах Дагестана разных формаций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of diversity and functional traits of epiphytic lichens in Dagestan forests of different formations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0563-0004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исмаилов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ismailov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Исмаилов Азиз Б. - кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории интродукции и генетических ресурсов древесных растений.</p><p>367000, Махачкала, ул. М. Гаджиева, 45.</p><p>Тел. +79285664236</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aziz B. Ismailov - Candidate of Biology, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Introduction and Genetic Resources of Woody plants, Mountain Botanical Garden, Dagestan Federal Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>45 M. Gadzhieva St, Makhachkala, 367000.</p><p>Tel. +79285664236</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.aziz@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Горный ботанический сад ДФИЦ РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Mountain Botanical Garden of the Dagestan Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Исмаилов А.Б., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Исмаилов А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ismailov A.B.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2585">https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2585</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Вдоль высотного градиента меняется структура лесных сообществ, что влечет за собой изменения в составе эпифитных лишайников. Цель  исследования – сравнительный анализ видового состава и функциональных признаков эпифитных лишайников в лесах Дагестана разных формаций для выявления ключевых отличий лихенофлоры.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Данные по разнообразию и структуре 334 видов эпифитных лишайников, выявленных в ходе полевых исследований за период с 2015 по 2019 годы, послужили материалом для работы. Статистическая обработка данных и их визуализация выполнены в программах Statistica 13.3, PAST 4.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты.   Наибольшее   число   эпифитов   выявлено   в   лесах   со сложной структурой древостоя с участием сосны. С увеличением высоты над уровнем моря отмечено уменьшение специфичных видов и родов. Кластерный анализ на уровне видов, родов, репродуктивных стратегий и типов таллома показал близость горных лесов (Pineta kochiana   и   Fageta   orientalis)   и   отдаленность   их   от   низменных (Carpineta betulus). В лесах горного кластера возрастает доля видов с вегетативными диаспорами. Обособленность изученных формаций наблюдается по показателю «фотобионт». Наибольший вклад в разделение общей выборки вносит различие по высоте, группируя выборки на горные и низменные.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявленные различия в видовом составе эпифитов являются результатом не только разнообразия компонентов, формирующих структуру лесного сообщества, но и специфических микроклиматических   условий,   меняющихся   с   высотой,   а   также степени антропогенной нарушенности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. The structure of forest communities changes along the altitude gradient, which determines the composition of epiphytic lichens. The aim of the study is to compare the species composition and functional characteristics of epiphytic lichens in Dagestan forests of different formations to identify key differences in the lichen flora.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods. Data on diversity and structure of 334 species of epiphytic lichens revealed during in field work from 2015 to 2019 were used as material for the work. Statistical analysis and data visualization were performed in Statistica 13.3 and PAST 4.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The highest number of epiphytic lichens was revealed in forests with complex tree structure with the participation of pine. A decrease of specific species and genera was noted with altitude increase. Cluster analysis of species, genera, reproductive strategies and growth forms showed the proximity of mountain forests (Pineta kochiana and Fageta orientalis) and their distance from lowland forests (Carpineta betulus). The percent  of  species  forming  vegetative  diaspores  increases  in mountain cluster forests. The "photobiont" indicator is clearer separated of studied formations. The greatest contribution to the division of the total sample is caused by difference in altitude, grouping the samples into mountainous and lowland.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The differences in lichens species composition are results not only of diversity of the components which form the structure of the forest community,  but  also  of  specific  microclimatic  conditions  which  change with altitude, as well as the degree of anthropogenic disturbance.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Лишайники</kwd><kwd>лесные формации</kwd><kwd>высотный градиент</kwd><kwd>биоразнообразие</kwd><kwd>Восточный Кавказ</kwd><kwd>эпифиты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Lichens</kwd><kwd>forest formations</kwd><kwd>altitude gradient</kwd><kwd>biodiversity</kwd><kwd>East Caucasus</kwd><kwd>epiphytes</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Автор выражает благодарность Д.М. Анатову (ГорБС ДФИЦ РАН) за помощь в проведении статистической обработки данных. Работа выполнена в рамках плановой темы ГорБС ДФИЦ РАН № АААА–А19–119020890099–4.</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The author is grateful to Anatov D.M. (MBG DFRC RAS) for help with statistical analysis. The study was carried out within the framework of the research project of Mountain Botanical Garden, DFRC RAS, number АААА–А19–119020890099–4.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benítez A., Aragón G., González Y., Prieto M. Functional traits of epiphytic lichens in response to forest disturbance and as predictors of total richness and diversity // Ecological Indicators. 2018. V. 86. P. 18‐26. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.12.021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benítez A., Aragón G., González Y., Prieto M. Functional traits of epiphytic lichens in response to forest disturbance and as predictors of total richness and diversity. Ecological Indicators, 2018, vol. 86, pp. 18‐26. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.12.021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trobajo S., Fernández‐Salegui A., Terrón A., Martínez I. Functional traits of epiphytic lichen communities in a Temperate‐Mediterranean fragmented landscape: Importance of patch size, tree diameter and summer rainfall // Fungal Ecology. 2022. V. 57‐58. Article number: 101160. DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101160</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trobajo S., Fernández‐Salegui A., Terrón A., Martínez I. Functional traits of epiphytic lichen communities in a Temperate‐Mediterranean fragmented landscape: Importance of patch size, tree diameter and summer rainfall. Fungal Ecology, 2022, vol. 57‐58, article number: 101160. DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2022.101160</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giordani P., Brunialti G., Bacaro G., Nascimbene J. Functional traits of epiphytic lichens as potential indicators of environmental conditions in forest ecosystems // Ecological Indicators. 2012. V. 18. P. 413‐420. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.12.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giordani P., Brunialti G., Bacaro G., Nascimbene J. Functional traits of epiphytic lichens as potential indicators of environmental conditions in forest ecosystems. Ecological Indicators, 2012, vol. 18, pp. 413‐420. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.12.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marini L., Nascimbene J., Nimis P.L. Large‐scale patterns of epiphytic lichen species richness: photobiont‐dependent response to climate and forest structure // Science of the Total Environment. 2011. V. 409. Iss. 20. P. 4381‐4386. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.07.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marini L., Nascimbene J., Nimis P.L. Large‐scale patterns of epiphytic lichen species richness: photobiont‐dependent response to climate and forest structure. Science of the Total Environment, 2011, vol. 409, iss. 20, pp. 4381‐4386. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.07.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moning C., Werth S., Dziock F., Bässler C., Bradtka J., Hothorn T., Müller J. Lichen diversity in temperate montane forests is influenced by forest structure more than climate // Forest Ecology and Management. 2009. V. 258. Iss. 5. P. 745‐751. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moning C., Werth S., Dziock F., Bässler C., Bradtka J., Hothorn T., Müller J. Lichen diversity in temperate montane forests is influenced by forest structure more than climate. Forest Ecology and Management, 2009, vol. 258, iss. 5, pp. 745‐751. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2009.05.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Urbanavichus G., Vondrák J., Urbanavichene I., Palice Z., Malíček J. Lichens and allied non‐lichenized fungi of virgin forests in the Caucasus State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Western Caucasus, Russia) // Herzogia. 2020. V. 33. N 1. P. 90‐138. DOI: 10.13158/heia.33.1.2020.90</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urbanavichus G., Vondrák J., Urbanavichene I., Palice Z., Malíček J. Lichens and allied non‐lichenized fungi of virgin forests in the Caucasus State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Western Caucasus, Russia). Herzogia, 2020, vol. 33. no. 1, pp. 90‐138. DOI: 10.13158/heia.33.1.2020.90</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Урбанавичюс Г.П., Урбанавичене И.Н., Вондрак Я., Исмаилов А.Б. Эпифитные лишайники национального парка «Приэльбрусье» (Северный Кавказ, Россия) // Nature Conservation Research. Заповедная наука. 2021. T. 6. N 4. С. 77‐94. DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2021.048</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urbanavichus G.P., Urbanavichene I.N., Vondrak J., Ismailov A.B. Epiphytic lichen biota of Prielbrusie national park (Northern Caucasus, Russia). Nature Conservation Research, 2021, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 77‐94. (In Russian) DOI: 10.24189/ncr.2021.048</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ismailov A., Urbanavichus G., Vondrák J., Pouska V. An old‐ growth forest at the Caspian Sea coast is similar in epiphytic lichens to lowland deciduous forests in Central Europe // Herzogia. 2017. V. 30. N 1. P. 103‐125. DOI: 10.13158/heia.30.1.2017.103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ismailov A., Urbanavichus G., Vondrák J., Pouska V. An old‐ growth forest at the Caspian Sea coast is similar in epiphytic lichens to lowland deciduous forests in Central Europe. Herzogia, 2017, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 103‐125. DOI: 10.13158/heia.30.1.2017.103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исмаилов А.Б., Вондрак Я., Урбанавичюс Г.П. Оценка разнообразия эпифитных лишайников экспресс‐методом // Лесоведение. 2019. N 4. С. 294‐303. DOI: 10.1134/S0024114819030045</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ismailov A.B., Vondrak J., Urbanavichus G.P. The express‐ method of estimation of epiphytic lichens diversity. Russian Journal of Forest Science, 2019, no. 4, pp. 294‐303. (In Russian) DOI: 10.1134/S0024114819030045</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исмаилов А.Б. Лишайники высокогорных буковых лесов Республики Дагестан // Новости систематики низших растений. 2020. Т. 54. N 2. С. 413‐427. DOI: 10.31111/nsnr/2020.54.2.413</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ismailov A.B. Lichens of high mountainous beech forests of the Republic of Dagestan. Novitates Systematicae Plantarum non Vascularium, 2020, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 413‐427. (In Russian) DOI: 10.31111/nsnr/2020.54.2.413</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Физическая география Дагестана / отв. ред. Б.А. Акаев. Махачкала: Школа, 1996. 382 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akaev B.A., ed. Fizicheskaya geografiya Dagestana [Physical geography of Dagestan]. Makhachkala, Shkola Publ., 1996, 382 p. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алиев Х.У., Исмаилов А.Б., Маллалиев М.М., Садыкова Г.А. Классификация и структура сообществ с участием охраняемых видов дендрофлоры Самурского реликтового леса (Низменный Дагестан) // Материалы международной школы‐конференции молодых ученых «Лесная наука, молодежь, будущее». Гомель, 2017. С. 19‐23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aliev Kh.U., Ismailov A.B., Mallaliev M.M., Sadykova G.A. Klassifikatsiya i structura soobshchestv s uchastiem okhranyaemykh vidov dendroflory Samurskogo reliktovogo lesa (Nizmennyi Dagestan) [Classification and structure of communities with protected tree species of the Samur Relic forest (Lowland Dagestan)]. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy shkoly‐ konferentsii molodykh uchenykh “Lesnaya nauka, molodezh’, budushchee”, Gomel’, 2017 [Proceedings of the International school‐conference “Forest science, young people, future”, Gomel, 2017]. Gomel’, 2017, pp. 19‐23. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абдурахманова З.И., Садыкова Г.А. Ценофлористический анализ сообществ с доминированием Pinus kochiana Klotsch ex K. Koch. Гунибского плато (Внутригорный Дагестан) // Фиторазнообразие Восточной Европы. 2015. Т. 9. N 2. С. 112‐122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdurakhmanova Z.I., Sadykova G.A. Cenofloristic analysis of communities with dominance of Pinus kochiana Klotsch ex K. Koch. of the Gunib Plateau (Inner‐mountain Dagestan). Fitoraznoobrazie Vostochnoi Evropy [Phytodiversity of Eastern Europe]. 2015, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 112‐122. (In Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алиев Х.У. Фитоценотическая и созологическая оценка буковых лесов Дагестана // Ботанический вестник Северного Кавказа. 2020. N 2. С. 7‐17. DOI: 10.33580/2409‐2444‐2020‐6‐2‐7‐17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aliev Kh.U. Phytocenotic and sozological assessment of the beech forests of Dagestan. Botanical herald of the North Caucasus, 2020, no. 2, pp. 7‐17. (In Russian) DOI: 10.33580/2409‐2444‐2020‐6‐2‐7‐17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hedenas H., Ericson L. Epiphytic macrolichens as conservation indicators: successional sequence in Populus tremula stands // Biological Conservation. 2000. V. 93. Iss. 1. P. 43‐53. DOI: 10.1016/S0006‐3207(99)00113‐5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hedenas H., Ericson L. Epiphytic macrolichens as conservation indicators: successional sequence in Populus tremula stands. Biological Conservation, 2000, vol. 93, iss. 1, pp. 43‐53. DOI: 10.1016/S0006‐3207(99)00113‐5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vondrák J., Malíček J., Palice Z., Coppins B., Kukwa M., Czarnota P., Sanderson N., Acton A. Methods for obtaining more complete species lists in surveys of lichen biodiversity // Nordic Journal of Botany. 2016. V. 34. Iss. 5. P. 619‐626. DOI: 10.1111/njb.01053</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vondrák J., Malíček J., Palice Z., Coppins B., Kukwa M., Czarnota P., Sanderson N., Acton A. Methods for obtaining more complete species lists in surveys of lichen biodiversity. Nordic Journal of Botany, 2016, vol. 34, iss. 5, pp. 619‐626. DOI: 10.1111/njb.01053</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
