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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecodag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Юг России: экология, развитие</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South of Russia: ecology, development</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-1098</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-0958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18470/1992-1098-2022-2-130-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecodag-2493</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ЭКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL ECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выявление гомозиготных участков (ROH) и их роль в этиопатогенезе комплексных заболеваний</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of ROH in the etiopathogenesis of complex diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4985-3480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Омарова</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Omarova</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джамиля К. Омарова</p><p>Махачкала</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dzhamilya K. Omarova</p><p>Makhachkala</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8868-4782</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адиева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Adieva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айна А. Адиева, доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории экологии животных</p><p>367000 г. Махачкала, ул. Гаджиева, 45</p><p>Тел. +79883005534</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aina A. Adieva, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor &amp; Leading Researcher, Animal Ecology Laboratory</p><p>45 Gadzhiev St, Makhachkala, 367000</p><p>Теl. +79883005534</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adieva_m@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-5383</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булаева</surname><given-names>К. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulaeva</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казима Б. Булаева</p><p>Лос‐Анджелес</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazima B. Bulaeva</p><p>Los Angeles</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3979-4293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусейнова</surname><given-names>Н. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guseynova</surname><given-names>N. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Надира О. Гусейнова</p><p>Махачкала</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadira O. Guseynova</p><p>Makhachkala</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-6276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амирханова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amirkhanova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина В. Амирханова</p><p>Махачкала</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Amirkhanova</p><p>Makhachkala</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7215-5453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джамалова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhamalova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Света А. Джамалова</p><p>Махачкала</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Dzhamalova</p><p>Makhachkala</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Прикаспийский институт биологических ресурсов – обособленное подразделение Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки Дагестанского федерального исследовательского центра РАН; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Precaspian Institute of Biological Resources, Dagestan Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Прикаспийский институт биологических ресурсов – обособленное подразделение Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки Дагестанского федерального исследовательского центра РАН; ГАОУ ВО «Дагестанский государственный университет народного хозяйства»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Precaspian Institute of Biological Resources, Dagestan Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences; Dagestan State University of National Economy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Международная научная корпорация «ENIGMA»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ENIGMA International Scientific Corporation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ ВО «Дагестанский государственный университет»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dagestan State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Прикаспийский институт биологических ресурсов – обособленное подразделение Федерального государственного бюджетного учреждения науки Дагестанского федерального исследовательского центра РАН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Precaspian Institute of Biological Resources, Dagestan Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАОУ ВО «Дагестанский государственный университет народного хозяйства»</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dagestan State University of National Economy</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>130</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Омарова Д.К., Адиева А.А., Булаева К.Б., Гусейнова Н.О., Амирханова И.В., Джамалова С.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Омарова Д.К., Адиева А.А., Булаева К.Б., Гусейнова Н.О., Амирханова И.В., Джамалова С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Omarova D.K., Adieva A.A., Bulaeva K.B., Guseynova N.O., Amirkhanova I.V., Dzhamalova S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2493">https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2493</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Провести сравнительный анализ основных направлений генетических исследований комплексных (хронических) нейропсихических заболеваний человека и определить перспективы их геномных исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Комплексные заболевания составляют более 90% общей патологии человека и являются основной причиной преждевременной смертности и инвалидности. Одними из самых актуальных и тяжелых, как для самих больных, так и для общества комплексными заболеваниями являются эндогенные психические болезни, в частности – шизофрения, умственная отсталость и расстройства аутистического спектра. Несмотря на то, что генетические и эпидемиологические исследования показывают высокие проценты наследуемости (до 70‐80%), идентификация генов предрасположенности остается сложной задачей. Исследования последних десятилетий способствовали пониманию генетических механизмов патогенеза таких заболеваний, значительно продвинули наше понимание с точки зрения идентификации локусов риска, возможных механизмов передачи генетического риска, участия в патогенезе таких заболеваний не одного, а большого количества генов, обеспечивающих множество вариантов экспрессии генов. Вместе с тем, картирование генов, контролирующих такие клинические фенотипы и мутации в них, обуславливающие патогенез, во многом остается еще неизвестной.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Обнаружение одних и тех же изменений в генах при нейропсихических комплексных заболеваниях наводит на мысль, что вовлеченные гены сходятся в биохимических путях и могут быть вызваны сложным взаимодействием факторов генетической и средовой природы характеризующихся генетической гетерогенностью, зачастую сочетающейся с клинической гетерогенностью, неполной пенетрантностью и фенокопиями. Это имеет большое значение для разработки генной терапии с выявлением лекарственных мишеней для лечения этих расстройств.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To carry out a comparative analysis of the main directions of genetic studies of complex (chronic) human neuropsychiatric diseases and to determine the prospects for their genomic studies.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Complex diseases account for more than 90% of the total human pathology and are the main cause of premature death and disability. One of the most urgent and severe categories of complex diseases, both for the patients themselves and for society, are endogenous mental illnesses, in particular, schizophrenia, mental retardation and autism spectrum disorders. Despite the fact that genetic and epidemiological studies show high heritability rates (up to 70‐80%), the identification of predisposition genes remains a challenge. Studies in recent decades have contributed to understanding the genetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of such diseases and have significantly advanced our understanding in terms of identifying risk loci, possible mechanisms for the transmission of genetic risk, and the involvement in the pathogenesis of such diseases of not one but of a large number of genes that provide many variants of gene expression. However, the mapping of genes that control such clinical phenotypes and mutations in them that cause pathogenesis remains largely unknown.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The finding of the same gene changes in neuropsychiatric complex diseases suggests that the genes involved converge in biochemical pathways and may be caused by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors characterized by genetic heterogeneity, which is often associated with clinical heterogeneity, incomplete penetrance and phenocopies. This is of great importance for the development of gene therapy through the identification of drug targets for the treatment of these disorders.  </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Комплексные заболевания</kwd><kwd>шизофрения</kwd><kwd>однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы</kwd><kwd>полногеномные последовательности</kwd><kwd>изолированные популяции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Сomplex diseases</kwd><kwd>schizophrenia</kwd><kwd>single‐nucleotide polymorphisms</kwd><kwd>fullgenome sequences</kwd><kwd>isolated populations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aulchenko Y.S., Ripatti S., Lindqvist I., Boomsma D., Heid I.M. et al. Loci influencing lipid levels and coronary heart disease risk in 16 European population cohorts // Nat. Genet. 2009. V. 41. N 1. P. 47-55. 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