ecodagЮг России: экология, развитиеSouth of Russia: ecology, development1992-10982413-0958State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan10.18470/1992-1098-2021-3-19-32ecodag-2276Research ArticleЭКОЛОГИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХECOLOGY OF ANIMALSВлияние неродственных контактов на формирование поведенческих типов у птенцов озёрной чайкиThe effect of neighbouring contacts on the formation of behavioral types in Black‐headed Gull chickshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7356-7572МининаМ. А.MininaM. A.

Мария А. Минина

Новосибирск

Maria A. Minina

Novosibirsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3597-1283ДрузякаА. В.DruzyakaA. V.

Алексей В. Друзяка, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник, лаборатория поведенческой экологии сообществ

630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 11Тел. +79232273238

Alexey V. Druzyaka, PhD in Biology, Research Fellow, Laboratory of Behavioral Ecology of Communities11 Frunze St, Novosibirsk, 630091Tel. +79232273238

decartez@gmail.comИнститут Систематики и Экологии животных СО РАНInstitute of Systematic and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут Систематики и Экологии животных СО РАН; НИУ Новосибирский государственный университетInstitute of Systematic and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University20212710202116319‐32Copyright © Минина М.А., Друзяка А.В., 20212021Минина М.А., Друзяка А.В.Minina M.A., Druzyaka A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2276

Цель. Развитие поведенческих типов в онтогенезе и влияние на них средовых, особенно социальных факторов, почти не изучено для природных популяций животных. Мы исследовали влияние плотности неродственного социального окружения на онтогенез поведения свободноживущих птенцов озёрной чайки (Chroicocephalus ridibundus). Материал и методы. Для того чтобы исключить влияние взаимоотношений с родными родителями на развитие поведения птенцов, 21 кладку озёрной чайки перенесли из родных гнёзд в приёмные, так, чтобы разрушить отрицательную связь между агрессивностью родных родителей и плотностью соседского окружения. Поведенческие типы птенцов определяли последовательным тестированием на арене «Открытого поля» в возрасте 2‐3, 8‐9 и 14‐15 дней.Результаты. Родительские пары, эффективно препятствовавшие близкому подселению соседей на стадии постройки гнёзд, выращивали более активное потомство. Поведение птенцов, выращенных приёмными родителями, наоборот, было тем более пассивным, чем меньше неродственных птенцов жило поблизости, и не было связано с агрессивностью родных родителей.Заключение. Наша работа демонстрирует роль неродственного социального окружения в онтогенезе поведенческих типов у колониальных птиц. Мы полагаем, что разнонаправленные влияния родителей и соседей оптимизируют траектории развития поведенческих типов на индивидуальном уровне, повышая шансы птенцов на выживание в разнообразной и изменчивой среде гнездовой колонии.

Aim. The early development of behavioral types and the influence of environmental, mostly social, factors have almost not been studied for natural animal populations. We investigated the effect of the density of non‐relative social environment on the development of the behavior of free‐living chicks of the Black‐headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus). Material and Methods. In order to exclude the influence of relationships with native parents on the development of chicks' behavior, 21 clutches were cross‐fostered so as to destroy any negative relationship between the aggressiveness of their parents and the density of their neighbors. The behavioral types of chicks were determined by a 3‐time testing in an “open field” arena at the ages of 2‐3, 8‐9 and 14‐15 days.Results. Those parents, which effectively coped with close neighboring at the nest settling period, raised more active offspring. The behavior of chicks raised by foster parents, on the contrary, was more passive the fewer unrelated chicks there were nearby and was not associated with the aggressiveness of their parents.Conclusion. Our work demonstrates the role of an unrelated social environment in the ontogeny of behavioral types in colonial birds. We suppose that the different ways in which influences of parents and neighbors optimize the trajectories of development of behavioral types at an individual level, increase the chances of chicks surviving in the diverse and variable environment of a breeding colony.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.