ecodagЮг России: экология, развитиеSouth of Russia: ecology, development1992-10982413-0958State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan10.18470/1992-1098-2021-2-45-54ecodag-2227Research ArticleЭКОЛОГИЯ РАСТЕНИЙECOLOGY OF PLANTSУстойчивость генеративных органов черешни к весенним заморозкам при искусственном промораживанииResistance of generative organs of sweet cherry to spring frosts after artificial freezinghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-4073ОжерельеваЗ. Е.OzherelievaZ. E.

Зоя Е. Ожерельева - кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук, лаборатория физиологии устойчивости плодовых растений.

302530, Орловская область, Орловский район, Жилина, д. 1, Тел. +79208151975

Zoya E. Ozherelieva - Candidate of Agricultural Science, Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding.

1 Zhilina, Orel district, Orel region, 302530 Tel. +79208151975

ozherelieva@vniispk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5528-0981ГуляеваА. А.GulyaevaA. A.

Александра А. Гуляева

Орел

Aleksandra A. Gulyaeva

Orel

Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт селекции плодовых культурРоссияRussian Research Institute of Fruit Crop BreedingRussian Federation2021180720211624554Copyright © Ожерельева З.Е., Гуляева А.А., 20212021Ожерельева З.Е., Гуляева А.А.Ozherelieva Z.E., Gulyaeva A.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2227Цель

Цель. Изучить устойчивость к весенним заморозкам сортов черешни селекции ВНИИСПК методом искусственного промораживания и выделить наиболее устойчивые.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Объектами исследований служили 7 сортов черешни селекции института: Аделина, Малыш, Орловская розовая, Орловская фея, Подарок Орлу, Сияна, Троснянская. Моделировали в начале мая весенние заморозки: -1°, -2°, -3° и -4°С в климатической камере «Espec» PSL-2KPH. При каждом температурном режиме брали по 100 (шт.) бутонов и цветков в 3-х кратной повторности каждого сорта. Температуру снижали со скоростью 1°С в час. Длительность воздействия отрицательной температуры - 3 часа.

Результаты

Результаты. В результате искусственного промораживания наблюдали начало повреждения цветков при температуре -1°С. При этом отметили высокую устойчивость бутонов черешни. Моделирование заморозков -2°...-4°С увеличило количество погибших цветков и бутонов. Устойчивость черешни к весенним заморозкам зависела от генотипа и стадии развития репродуктивных органов. Отмечена различная сумма активных температур для начала цветения и формирования завязей, что указывает на начало фенологических фаз, при которых генеративные органы восприимчивы к весенним заморозкам.

Заключение

Заключение. Проведенный эксперимент позволил выделить среднеустойчивый к весенним заморозкам сорт черешни Малыш. Слабоустойчивые генотипы - Орловская розовая, Орловская фея, Троснянская, Сияна. Неустойчивые сорта - Аделина, Подарок Орлу. В период формирования завязи наибольший потенциал устойчивости к весенним заморозкам показал сорт Подарок Орлу.

Aim

Aim. The purpose of this research was to study the sustainability of Institute bred sweet cherry cultivars to spring frosts during flowering by the method of artificial freezing and to identify resistant cultivars.

Material and Methods

Material and Methods. Seven Institute bred sweet cherry cultivars were studied: 'Adelina', "Malysh", "Orlovskaya Rozovaya", "Orlovskaya Feya", "Podarok Orlu", "Siyana" and "Trosnyanskaya". Spring frosts were simulated in an "Espec" PSL-2KPH climate chamber in early May at -1°, -2°, -3° and -4°C. At each temperature regime, 100 pcs of flowers and buds of each cultivar were taken in 3-fold repetition. Temperature was lowered at the rate of 1°C per hour. The duration of exposure to negative temperatures was 3 hours.

Results

Results. Damage to the stamens and pistils was assessed by the darkening of the tissues. In buds and blooming flowers after frosts, the pistils were first damaged but the stamens were not. Resistance to spring frosts decreased with the phenological development of the cherry's generative organs. The beginning of damage to the flowers as a result of the artificial freezing was noted at a temperature of -1°C. At the same time, the high stability of cherry buds was noted. Modeling frosts of -2°...-4°C increased the number of dead flowers and buds. The resistance of sweet cherries to spring frosts was found to depend on the genotype and stage of development of reproductive organs. A different sum of active temperatures for the beginning of flowering and ovary formation was noted, indicating the onset of phenological phases in which generative organs are susceptible to spring frosts.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The experiment made it possible to distinguish a medium-resistant cultivar "Malysh" which was resistant to spring frosts. Weakly stable genotypes were "Orlovskaya Rozovaya", "Orlovskaya Feya", "Trosnyanskaya" and "Siyana". Unstable cultivars were "Adelina", and "Podarok Orlu". During the formation of the ovary, the greatest potential for resistance to spring frosts was shown by "Podarok Orlu".

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.