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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ecodag</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Юг России: экология, развитие</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>South of Russia: ecology, development</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1992-1098</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-0958</issn><publisher><publisher-name>State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18470/1992-1098-2021-2-6-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ecodag-2223</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОЛОГИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECOLOGY OF ANIMALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Электризационная гипотеза отсутствия вшей (Anoplura Leach, 1815) у рукокрылых (Chiroptera Blumenbach, 1779)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Electrification hypothesis of the absence of lice (Anoplura Leach, 1815) on bats (Chiroptera Blumenbach, 1779)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-958X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щелканов</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchelkanov</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Егор М. Щелканов - студент Физтех-Школы биологической и медицинской физики.</p><p>141700 Московская обл., Долгопрудный, Институтский пер., д. 9.  Тел. +79243215162</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Egor M. Shchelkanov - Student, Phys-Tech School of Biological and Medical Physics.</p><p>9 Institutsky Lane, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700 Tel. +79243215162</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egorshchelkanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский физико-технический институт</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щелканов Е.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щелканов Е.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shchelkanov E.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2223">https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2223</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель настоящей работы заключается в обосновании гипотезы о том, что отсутствие вшей у рукокрылых связано с электризацией поверхности их тела во время полета.</p><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. В работе анализируется физический феномен электризации трением, трибоэлектрический ряд веществ с особым вниманием к объектам атмосферного электричества, правило Коэна, связывающее диэлектрические свойства вещества с его диэлектрической проницаемостью. Описаны электрические свойства атмосферы, включая возникновение разности потенциала между поверхностью Земли и ионосферой и механизм поддержания этого потенциала в результате подзарядки земной поверхности отрицательным электричеством грозами. Приведены результаты экспериментальных данных по формированию положительного электростатического заряда на поверхностных покровах насекомых и птиц. Выдвигается гипотеза о том, что шерсть и кожные перепонки рукокрылых тоже должны электризоваться положительно в процессе полета. Описываются причины, препятствующие обитанию вшей в электризованной шерсти рукокрылых. Предлагается объяснение наличия у рукокрылых развитых сальных желез как способа сброса электростатического заряда перед возвращением в убежище и раструбной структуры волосяной кутикулы как приспособления для удержания выделения потовых желез.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Отсутствие вшей у рукокрылых является прямым следствием их адаптации к активному полету.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim of this work is to substantiate the hypothesis that the absence of lice in bats is associated with the electrification of the surface of their body during the flight.</p><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. The paper analyzes the physical phenomenon of friction electrification, the triboelectric series of substances with special attention to the objects of atmospheric electricity, and the Cohen rule that relates the dielectric properties of a substance to its permittivity. The electrical properties of the atmosphere are described including the occurrence of a potential difference between the Earth's surface and the ionosphere and the mechanism of maintaining this potential as a result of charging the ground with negative electricity by thunderstorms. The results of experimental data on the formation of a positive electrostatic charge on the surface covers of insects and birds are presented. It is hypothesized that the hair and skin membranes of bats should also be positively electrified during flight. The reasons that prevent lice from living in electrified bat hair are described. It is proposed to explain the presence of developed sebaceous glands in bats as a way of discharging electrostatic charge before returning to the shelter and the bell structure of the hair cuticle as a device for retaining the secretion of sweat glands.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The absence of lice in bats is a direct consequence of their adaptation to active flight.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рукокрылые</kwd><kwd>Chiroptera</kwd><kwd>вши</kwd><kwd>Anoplura</kwd><kwd>электризация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Bats</kwd><kwd>Chiroptera</kwd><kwd>lice</kwd><kwd>Anoplura</kwd><kwd>electrification</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Данная статья является переработанной версией доклада по выбору на кафедре общей физики Московского физико-технического института - автор выражает искреннюю признательность всему коллективу кафедры (заведующий д.ф.-м.н., профессор А.В. Максимычев), и, в первую очередь, д.ф.-м.н. С.Л. Кленову и к.ф.-м.н. П.В. Попову</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article is a revised version of a paper given to the Department of General Physics of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology - the author expresses his sincere gratitude to the entire staff of the Department (head Dr.Sc., Professor A.V. Maksimychev), and, first of all, to Dr.Sc. S.L. Klenov and Ph.D. P.V. Popov</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балашов Ю.С. Паразито-хозяинные отношения членистоногих с наземными позвоночными. Ленинград: Наука, 1982. 320 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balashov Yu.S. Parazito-khozyainnye otnosheniya chlenistonogikh s nazemnymipozvonochnymi [Parasite-host relationships of arthropods with terrestrial vertebrates]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1982, 320 p. 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