ecodagЮг России: экология, развитиеSouth of Russia: ecology, development1992-10982413-0958State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan10.18470/1992-1098-2021-1-61-75ecodag-2170Research ArticleГЕОЭКОЛОГИЯGEOECOLOGYБиодиагностика устойчивости почв юга России к загрязнению серебромBiodiagnostics of stability of soils of southern Russia to silver pollutionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-6328КолесниковС. И.KolesnikovS. I.

Сергей И. Колесников.

Ростов‐на‐Дону.

Sergey I. Kolesnikov.

Rostov‐on‐Don.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-9829ЦепинаН. И.TsepinaN. I.

Наталья И. Цепина, кандидат биологических наук, младший научный сотрудник НОЦ «Экология и природопользование», Академия биологии и биотехнологии им. Д.И. Ивановского,

344090 Россия, г. Ростов‐на‐Дону, пр. Стачки, 194/1.

Тел. +79061828021

 

Natalia I. Tsepina, Candidate of Biological Sciences, junior researcher, Ecology and Nature Management Scientific‐Educational Centre, D.I. Ivanovsky Academy of Biology and Biotechnology.

194/1 Stachki Ave., Rostov‐on‐Don, Russia 344090.

Tel. +79061828021 

cepinanatalia@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9453-7137МинниковаТ. В.MinnikovaТ. V.

Татьяна В. Минникова.

Ростов‐на‐Дону.

Tatyana V. Minnikova.

Rostov‐on‐Don.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-8563СудьинаЛ. В.SudinaL. V.

Людмила В. Судьина.

Ростов‐на‐Дону.

Lyudmila V. Sudina.

Rostov‐on‐Don.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0252-6212КазеевК. ш.KazeevК. Sh.

Камиль Ш. Казеев.

Ростов‐на‐Дону.

Kamil Sh. Kazeev.

Rostov‐on‐Don.

Южный федеральный университетSouthern Federal University2021120420211616175Copyright © Колесников С.И., Цепина Н.И., Минникова Т.В., Судьина Л.В., Казеев К.ш., 20212021Колесников С.И., Цепина Н.И., Минникова Т.В., Судьина Л.В., Казеев К.ш.Kolesnikov S.I., Tsepina N.I., Minnikova Т.V., Sudina L.V., Kazeev К.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/2170Цель

Цель. Дать оценку устойчивости почв юга России к загрязнению серебром по биологическим показателям.

Методы

Методы. Загрязнение почв юга России (чернозем обыкновенный, серопески и бурая лесная почва) серебром моделировали в лабораторных условиях. Почвы загрязняли водорастворимым нитратом серебра с целью выявления максимальной экотоксичности серебра. Устойчивость почв оценивали по наиболее чувствительным и информативным биологическим показателям в динамике через 10, 30и 90 суток после загрязнения.

Результаты

Результаты. Загрязнение серебром ингибирует активность оксидоредуктаз (каталазы и дегидрогеназ), снижает общую численность бактерий, рост и развитие редиса. Для всех почв отмечена прямая зависимость между концентрацией серебра и степенью ухудшения свойств почв. Токсическое действие серебра наиболее сильно проявилось на 30‐е сутки после загрязнения. По устойчивости к загрязнению серебром исследованные почвы образуют следующий ряд: чернозем обыкновенный > серопески ≥ бурая лесная почва.

Заключение

Заключение. Легкий гранулометрический состав серопесков и кислая реакция среды бурых лесных почв, а также низкое содержание органического вещества, способствуют высокой подвижности и высокой экотоксичности серебра в этих почвах. Разработаны региональные предельно допустимые концентрации (рПДК) содержания серебра в черноземах обыкновенных, серопесках и бурых лесных почвах – 4,4, 0,9 и 0,8 мг/кг соответственно. 

Aim

Aim. To assess the resistance of soils in the south of Russia to silver pollution using biological indicators.

Methods

Methods. The contamination of soils in southern Russia (ordinary chernozem, grey sandy and brown forest soils) was simulated with silver under laboratory conditions. Soils were contaminated with water‐soluble silver nitrate in order to reveal the maximum ecotoxicity of silver. Soil stability was assessed according to the most sensitive and informative biological parameters in dynamics of 10, 30 and 90 days after pollution.

Results

Results. Silver contamination inhibits the activity of oxidoreductases (catalase and dehydrogenases), reduces the total number of bacteria and the growth and development of radish. For all soils, a direct relationship was noted between silver concentration and the degree of deterioration of soil properties. The toxic effect of silver was most pronounced on the 30th day after contamination. According to their resistance to silver pollution, the soils investigated form the following sequence: ordinary chernozem> grey sandy soil ≥ brown forest soil.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The light granulometric composition of grey sandy soils and the acidic reaction of the environment of brown forest soils, as well as the low organic matter content, contribute to the high mobility and high ecotoxicity of silver in these soils. Regional maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) of silver content in ordinary chernozems, grey sandy and brown forest soils have been determined as ‐ 4.4, 0.9 and 0.8 mg/kg, respectively. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.