ecodagЮг России: экология, развитиеSouth of Russia: ecology, development1992-10982413-0958State Institute of Applied Ecology of the Republic of Dagestan10.18470/1992-1098-2020-1-137-144ecodag-1880Research ArticleКРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯBRIEF PRESENTATIONSКонцентрация подвижных форм тяжелых металлов и магнитные свойства почв г. Вольск Саратовской областиConcentration of Mobile Forms of Heavy Metals and Magnetic Properties of Soils in the Town of Volsk, Saratov Region, Russiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1222МаджидД. C.MajeedD. S.

Длер С. Маджид

Dler S. Majeed

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8298-029XРешетниковМ. В.ReshetnikovM. V.

Михаил В. Решетников, кандидат географических наук, старший научный сотрудник

410004, г. Саратов, ул. Астарханская, 83. Тел. +79271353953

Mikhail V. Reshetnikov, Cand. Geogr. Sci., Senior Researcher, N. D. Chernyshevsky 

83 Astarkhanskaya St, Saratov, 410004. Tel. +79271353953

rmv85@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-6777ЕрёминВ. Н.EreminV. N.

Виталий Н. Ерёмин

Vitaliy N. Eremin

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3566-8652ШешнёвА. С.SheshnevA. S.

Александр С. Шешнёв

Alexander S. Sheshnev

Саратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет имени Н.Г. ЧернышевскогоSaratov national research state University named after N. D. Chernyshevsky202016042020151137144Copyright © Маджид Д.C., Решетников М.В., Ерёмин В.Н., Шешнёв А.С., 20202020Маджид Д.C., Решетников М.В., Ерёмин В.Н., Шешнёв А.С.Majeed D.S., Reshetnikov M.V., Eremin V.N., Sheshnev A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ecodag.elpub.ru/ugro/article/view/1880Цель

Цель. Магнитная восприимчивость – это быстрый, недорогой и надежный метод оценки и мониторинга антропогенного загрязнения почв тяжелыми металлами. Однако важно определить факторы, влияющие на магнитную восприимчивость, прежде чем применять этот метод к экологическим исследованиям. Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение влияния материнских пород и землепользования на магнитную восприимчивость и концентрации Ni, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu и Zn, и применения магнитной восприимчивости как показателя антропогенного загрязнения тяжелыми металлами почв г. Вольска Саратовской области Российской Федерации.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Было взято 50 поверхностных образцов почвы (0‐10 см). 1M HNO3 экстрагировали Ni, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu и Zn определяли методом атомно-абсорбционной спектроскопии. В почве определялась концентрация органического вещества. Измеряли магнитную восприимчивость на низких и высоких частотах (xlf и xhf) и рассчитывали частотно‐зависимую восприимчивость (xfd).

Результаты

Результаты. Магнитная восприимчивость варьирует от 1,34 до 29.6 × 10‐7 м3 кг−1. Между Pb и xlf получена положительная сильная корреляция (P=0,01, r=0,55). Существуют значительные взаимосвязи между Pb и xlf, поэтому представляется, что на магнитную восприимчивость существенно повлияла антроогенная деятельность, которая увеличила концентрации Pb в городских почвах.

Выводы

Выводы. В исследованных почвах магнитная восприимчивость может использоваться в качестве индикатора антропогенного загрязнения почв тяжелыми металлами.

Aim

Aim. Magnetic susceptibility is a fast, inexpensive and reliable technique for estimating and monitoring anthropogenic contamination of soil with heavy metals. However, certain factors affecting magnetic susceptibility need to be determined before applying this technique to environmental studies. The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) the effect of parent materials and land use on magnetic susceptibility and concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu and Zn; and (2) the possible use of magnetic susceptibility as an indicator of anthropogenic heavy metals contamination of soil in the city of Volsk, Saratov region, Russia.

Material and Methods

Material and Methods. Fifty (50) composite surface soil samples (0–10 cm) were selected. 1M HNO3 extractable concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu and Zn were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Concentrations of organic matter in the soil were determined. Magnetic susceptibility at low and high frequency (χlf and χhf) were measured and frequency dependent susceptibility (χfd) was calculated.

Results

Results. Magnetic susceptibility varied from 1.34 to 29.6 × 10−7 m3 kg−1. A positive strong correlation (P value = 0.01, r = 0.55) was obtained between Pb and χlf. Significant correlational relationships were observed between Pb with χlf, most likely due to significant effects of anthropogenic activities on magnetic susceptibility, therefore enhancing Pb concentrations in urban soils.

Conclusions

Conclusions. In the soils studied, magnetic susceptibility could be employed as an indicator of anthropogenic contamination of soil with heavy metals.

Магнитная восприимчивостьпочватяжелые металлыникельсвинецхромкадмиймедьцинкВольскMagnetic susceptibilitysoilheavy metalsnickelleadchromiumcadmiumcopperzincVolskИсследование выполнено за счет гранта Президента РФ для поддержки молодых российских ученых (проект МК‐3355.2019.5).This research was carried out with funding from a grant by the President of the Russian Federation for the support of young Russian scientists (project MK‐3355.2019.5).ReferencesBlaha U., Appel E., Stanjek H. Determination of anthropogenic boundary depth in industrially polluted soil and semi‐quantification of heavy metal loads using magnetic susceptibility // Environmental Pollution. 2008. V. 156. Iss. 2. P. 278‐289. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.02.013Blaha U., Appel E., Stanjek H. Determination of anthropogenic boundary depth in industrially polluted soil and semi‐quantification of heavy metal loads using magnetic susceptibility. Environmental Pollution, 2008, vol. 156, iss. 2, pp. 278‐289. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.02.013Magiera T., Strzyszcz Z., Kapicka A., Petrovsky E. Discrimination of lithogenic and anthropogenic influences on topsoil magnetic susceptibility in Central Europe // Geoderma. 2006. V. 130. Iss. 3‐4. P. 299‐311. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.02.002Magiera T., Strzyszcz Z., Kapicka A., Petrovsky E. Discrimination of lithogenic and anthropogenic influences on topsoil magnetic susceptibility in Central Europe. Geoderma, 2006, vol. 130, iss. 3‐4, pp. 299‐311. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.02.002Wang B., Xia D., Yu Y., Jia J., Xu S. Detection and differentiation of pollution in urban surface soils using magnetic properties in arid and semi‐arid regions of northwestern China // Environ. Pollut. 2014. V. 184. P. 335‐346. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.08.024Wang B., Xia D., Yu Y., Jia J., Xu S. Detection and differentiation of pollution in urban surface soils using magnetic properties in arid and semi‐arid regions of northwestern China. Environ. Pollut., 2014, vol. 184, pp. 335‐346. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.08.024Jordanova N.V., Jordanova D.V., Veneva L., Yorova K., Petrovsky E. Magnetic response of soils and heavy metal pollution – a case study // Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003. V. 37. Iss. 19. P. 4417‐4424. DOI: 10.1021/es0200645Jordanova N.V., Jordanova D.V., Veneva L., Yorova K., Petrovsky E. Magnetic response of soils and heavy metal pollution – a case study. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2003, vol. 37, iss. 19, pp. 4417‐4424. DOI: 10.1021/es0200645El Baghdadi M., Barakat A., Sajieddine M., Nadem S. Heavy metal pollution and soil magnetic susceptibility in urban soil of Beni Mellal City (Morocco) // Environ. Earth Sci. 2012. V. 66. Iss. 1. P. 141‐155. DOI: 10.1007/s12665‐011‐1215‐5El Baghdadi M., Barakat A., Sajieddine M., Nadem S. Heavy metal pollution and soil magnetic susceptibility in urban soil of Beni Mellal City (Morocco). Environ. Earth Sci., 2012, vol. 66, iss. 1, pp. 141‐155. DOI: 10.1007/s12665‐011‐1215‐5Chan L.S., Ng S.L., Davis A.M., Yim W.W.S., Yeung C.H. Magnetic properties and heavy‐metal contents of contaminated seabed sediments of Penny’s Bay, Hong Kong // Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2001. V. 42. Iss. 7. P. 569‐583. DOI: 10.1016/S0025‐326X(00)00203‐4Chan L.S., Ng S.L., Davis A.M., Yim W.W.S., Yeung C.H. Magnetic properties and heavy‐metal contents of contaminated seabed sediments of Penny’s Bay, Hong Kong. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 2001, vol. 42, iss. 7, pp. 569‐583. DOI: 10.1016/S0025‐326X(00)00203‐4Morton‐Bermea O., Hernandez E., Martinez‐Pichardo E., Soler‐Arechalde A.M., Lozano Santa‐Cruz R., Gonzalez‐Hernandez G., Beramendi‐Orosco L., Urrutia‐Fucugauchi J. Mexico City topsoils: heavy metals vs. magnetic susceptibility // Geoderma. 2009. V. 151. Iss. 3‐4. P. 121‐125. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.03.019Morton‐Bermea O., Hernandez E., Martinez‐Pichardo E., Soler‐Arechalde A.M., Lozano Santa‐Cruz R., Gonzalez-Hernandez G., Beramendi‐Orosco L., Urrutia‐Fucugauchi J. Mexico City topsoils: heavy metals vs. magnetic susceptibility. Geoderma, 2009, vol. 151, iss. 3‐4, pp. 121‐125. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.03.019Lu S.G., Chen D.J., Wang S.Y., Liu Y.D. Rock magnetism investigation of highly magnetic soil developed on calcareous rock in Yun‐Gui Plateau, China: evidence for pedogenic magnetic minerals // J. Appl. Geophys. 2012. V. 77. P. 39‐50. DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.11.008Lu S.G., Chen D.J., Wang S.Y., Liu Y.D. Rock magnetism investigation of highly magnetic soil developed on calcareous rock in Yun‐Gui Plateau, China: evidence for pedogenic magnetic minerals. J. Appl. Geophys., 2012, vol. 77, pp. 39‐50. DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.11.008Strzyszcz Z., Magiera T. Magnetic susceptibility and heavy metals contamination in soils of Southern Poland // Phys. Chem. Earth. 1998. V. 23. Iss. 9‐10. P. 1127‐1131. DOI: 10.1016/S0079‐1946(98)00140‐2Strzyszcz Z., Magiera T. Magnetic susceptibility and heavy metals contamination in soils of Southern Poland. Phys. Chem. Earth., 1998, vol. 23, iss. 9‐10, pp. 1127‐1131. DOI: 10.1016/S0079‐1946(98)00140‐2Lu S.G., Bai S.Q., Fu L.X. Magnetic properties as indicators of Cu and Zn contamination in soils // Pedosphere. 2008. V. 18. Iss. 4. P. 479‐485. DOI: 10.1016/S1002‐0160(08)60038‐7Lu S.G., Bai S.Q., Fu L.X. Magnetic properties as indicators of Cu and Zn contamination in soils. Pedosphere, 2008, vol. 18, iss. 4, pp. 479‐485. DOI: 10.1016/S1002‐0160(08)60038‐7Gudadhe S.S., Sangode S.J., Patil S.K., Chate D.M., Meshram D.C., Badekar A.G. Pre‐ and post‐monsoon variations in the magnetic susceptibilities of soils of Mumbai metropolitan region: implications to surface redistribution of urban soils loaded with anthropogenic particulates // Environ. Earth Sci. 2012. V. 67. P. 813‐831. DOI: 10.1007/s12665‐012‐1528‐zGudadhe S.S., Sangode S.J., Patil S.K., Chate D.M., Meshram D.C., Badekar A.G. Pre‐ and post‐monsoon variations in the magnetic susceptibilities of soils of Mumbai metropolitan region: implications to surface redistribution of urban soils loaded with anthropogenic particulates. Environ. Earth Sci., 2012, vol. 67, pp. 813‐831. DOI: 10.1007/s12665‐012‐1528‐zLu S.G., Bai S.Q. Study on the correlation of magnetic properties and heavy metals content in urban soils of Hangzhou City, China // J. Appl. Geophys. 2006. V. 60. Iss. 1. P. 1‐12. DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.11.002Lu S.G., Bai S.Q. Study on the correlation of magnetic properties and heavy metals content in urban soils of Hangzhou City, China. J. Appl. Geophys., 2006, vol. 60, iss. 1, pp. 1‐12. DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2005.11.002Botsou F., Karageorgis A.P., Dassenakis E., Scoullos M. Assessment of heavy metal contamination and mineral magnetic characterization of the Asopos River sediments (Central Greece) // Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2011. V. 62. Iss. 3. P. 547‐563. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.11.029Botsou F., Karageorgis A.P., Dassenakis E., Scoullos M. Assessment of heavy metal contamination and mineral magnetic characterization of the Asopos River sediments (Central Greece). Mar. Pollut. Bull., 2011, vol. 62, iss. 3, pp. 547‐563. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.11.029Franciškovic‐Bilinski S., Bilinski H., Scholger R., Tomašić N., Maldini K. Magnetic spherules in sediments of the karstic Dobra River (Croatia) // J. Soils Sediments. 2014. V. 14. P. 600‐614. DOI: 10.1007/s11368‐013‐0808‐xFranciškovic‐Bilinski S., Bilinski H., Scholger R., Tomašić N., Maldini K. Magnetic spherules in sediments of the karstic Dobra River (Croatia). J. Soils Sediments., 2014, vol. 14., pp. 600‐614. DOI: 10.1007/s11368‐013‐0808‐xCanbay M., Aydin A., Kurtulus C. Magnetic susceptibility and heavy‐metal contamination in topsoils along the Izmit Gulf coastal area and IZAYTAS (Turkey) // J. Appl. Geophys. 2010. V. 70. Iss. 1. P. 46‐57. DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.11.002Canbay M., Aydin A., Kurtulus C. Magnetic susceptibility and heavy‐metal contamination in topsoils along the Izmit Gulf coastal area and IZAYTAS (Turkey). J. Appl. Geophys., 2010, vol. 70, iss. 1, pp. 46‐57. DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2009.11.002Zhang C., Qiao Q., Appel E., Huang B. Discriminating sources of anthropogenic heavy metals in urban street dusts using magnetic and chemical methods // J. Geochem. Explor. 2012. V. 119‐120. P. 60‐75. DOI: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.06.014Zhang C., Qiao Q., Appel E., Huang B. Discriminating sources of anthropogenic heavy metals in urban street dusts using magnetic and chemical methods. J. Geochem. Explor., 2012, vol. 119‐120, pp. 60‐75. DOI: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2012.06.014Zhu Z., Han Z., Bi X., Yang W. The relationship between magnetic parameters and heavy metal contents of indoor dust in e‐waste recycling impacted area, Southeast China // Sci. Total Environ. 2012. V. 433. P. 302‐308. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.067Zhu Z., Han Z., Bi X., Yang W. The relationship between magnetic parameters and heavy metal contents of indoor dust in e‐waste recycling impacted area, Southeast China. Sci. Total Environ., 2012, vol. 433, pp. 302‐308. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.067Zhu Z., Sun G., Bi X., Li Z., Yu G. Identification of trace metal pollution in urban dust from kindergartens using magnetic, geochemical and lead isotopic analyses // Atmos. Environ. 2013. V. 77. P. 9‐15. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.053Zhu Z., Sun G., Bi X., Li Z., Yu G. Identification of trace metal pollution in urban dust from kindergartens using magnetic, geochemical and lead isotopic analyses. Atmos. Environ., 2013, vol. 77, pp. 9‐15. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.053Alekseeva T., Alekseev A., Maher B.A., Demkin V. Late Holocene climate reconstructions for the Russian steppe, based on mineralogical and magnetic properties of buried paleosols // Paleogeogr., Paleoclimatol., Paleoecol. 2007. V. 249. Iss. 1. P. 103‐127. DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.01.006Alekseeva T., Alekseev A., Maher B.A., Demkin V. Late Holocene climate reconstructions for the Russian steppe, based on mineralogical and magnetic properties of buried paleosols. Paleogeogr., Paleoclimatol., Paleoecol., 2007, vol. 249, iss. 1, pp. 103‐127. DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.01.006Blundell A., Dearing J.A., Boyle J.F., Hannam J.A. Controlling factors for the spatial variability of soil magnetic susceptibility across England and Wales // Earth Sci. Rev. 2009. V. 95. Iss. 3‐4. P. 158‐188. DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.05.001Blundell A., Dearing J.A., Boyle J.F., Hannam J.A. Controlling factors for the spatial variability of soil magnetic susceptibility across England and Wales. Earth Sci. Rev., 2009, vol. 95, iss. 3‐4, pp. 158‐188. DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2009.05.001Maher B.A., Alekseev A., Alekseeva T. Variation of soil magnetism across the Russian steppe: its significance for use of soil magnetism as a paleorainfall proxy // Quatern. Sci. Rev. 2002. V. 21. Iss. 14. P. 1571‐1576. DOI: 10.1016/S0277‐3791(02)00022‐7Maher B.A., Alekseev A., Alekseeva T. Variation of soil magnetism across the Russian steppe: its significance for use of soil magnetism as a paleorainfall proxy. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 2002, vol. 21, iss. 14, pp. 1571‐1576. DOI: 10.1016/S0277‐3791(02)00022‐7Maher B.A., Alekseev A., Alekseeva T. Magnetic mineralogy of soils across the Russian Steppe: climatic dependence of pedogenic magnetite formation // Paleogeogr., Paleoclimatol., Paleoecol. 2003. V. 201. Iss. 3‐4. P. 321‐341. DOI: 10.1016/S0031‐0182(03)00618‐7Maher B.A., Alekseev A., Alekseeva T. Magnetic mineralogy of soils across the Russian Steppe: climatic dependence of pedogenic magnetite formation. Paleogeogr., Paleoclimatol., Paleoecol., 2003, vol. 201, iss. 3‐4, pp. 321‐341. DOI: 10.1016/S0031‐0182(03)00618‐7Maher B.A., Hallam D.F. Paleomagnetic correlation and dating of Pilo/Pleistocene sediments at the southern margins of the North Sea Basin // J. Quat. Sci. 2005. V. 20. Iss. 1. P. 67‐77. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.890Maher B.A., Hallam D.F. Paleomagnetic correlation and dating of Pilo/Pleistocene sediments at the southern margins of the North Sea Basin. J. Quat. Sci., 2005, vol. 20, iss. 1, pp. 67‐77. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.890Yang T., Liu Q., Zeng Q., Chan L. Relationship between magnetic properties and heavy metals of urban soils with different soil types and environmental settings: implications for magnetic mapping // Environ. Earth Sci. 2012. V. 66. P. 409‐420. DOI: 10.1007/s12665‐011‐1248‐9Yang T., Liu Q., Zeng Q., Chan L. Relationship between magnetic properties and heavy metals of urban soils with different soil types and environmental settings: implications for magnetic mapping. Environ. Earth Sci., 2012, vol. 66, pp. 409‐420. DOI: 10.1007/s12665‐011‐1248‐9Hanesch M., Scholger R. Mapping of heavy metal loadings in soils by means of magnetic susceptibility measurements // Environ. Geol. 2002. V. 42. P. 857‐870. DOI: 10.1007/s00254‐002‐0604‐1Hanesch M., Scholger R. Mapping of heavy metal loadings in soils by means of magnetic susceptibility measurements. Environ. Geol., 2002, vol. 42, pp. 857‐870. DOI: 10.1007/s00254‐002‐0604‐1Zawadzki J., Fabijańczyk P. Reduction of soil contamination uncertainty assessment using magnetic susceptibility measurements and co‐est method // Proc. ECOpole. 2008. V. 2. Iss. 1. P. 171‐174.Zawadzki J., Fabijańczyk P. Reduction of soil contamination uncertainty assessment using magnetic susceptibility measurements and co‐est method. Proc. ECOpole, 2008, vol. 2, iss. 1, pp. 171‐174.D’Emilio M., Macchiato M., Ragosta M., Simoniello T. A method for the integration of satellite vegetation activities observations and magnetic susceptibility measurements for monitoring heavy metals in soil // J. Hazard. Mater. 2012. V. 241‐242. P. 118‐126. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.09.021D’Emilio M., Macchiato M., Ragosta M., Simoniello T. A method for the integration of satellite vegetation activities observations and magnetic susceptibility measurements or monitoring heavy metals in soil. J. Hazard. Mater., 2012, vol. 241‐242, pp. 118‐126. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.09.021

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.